Uyini nematodes enhlabathini? Impi yokulwa kubo

abantu Minyaka yonke abaningi sebeqala bahlanganyele ukutshala izithelo nemifino engadini yabo siqu. Ukuze sokuvuna wayecebile, izitshalo zidinga ukunakekela ezifanele. Omunye izinambuzane esivame kakhulu amelela ingozi enkulu kakhulu engadini kukhona nematodes enhlabathini. Impi yokulwa kubo (isithombe nemiphumela yalezi izinambuzane ezibukeka zingalungile scary) kungase kusekelwe ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, Nokho, ngokuzimela wabo, isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola lezi ezidala. Kungenjalo, nematodes kungaholela ukuqedela ukubhujiswa izitshalo futhi balimaza kakhulu abantu futhi yasekhaya isilwane impilo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngaphambi bheka ku izindlela ukulawula lezi izinambuzane, udinga ukukhuluma kanjani ukubheka nematodes izithombe enhlabathini okungakwazi kudidaniswe yimuphi omunye inkathazo.

Sekukonke kukhona mayelana amathathu zinhlobo nematodes, okungase izigaba ezintathu:

• zokuthelela izitshalo;
• kuyingozi ngoba izilwane;
• ziyingozi abantu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila nematodes ezithelela izitshalo. Ukudla lezi izinambuzane izenzo ubisi, ngakho ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo kakhulu kancane. Uma isikhathi kungaqali ekulweni nematodes, lesi sitshalo umane ayaphela. It kunikeza umbono walokho ukubukeka nematodes esitfombeni inhlabathi. Indlela yokubhekana lezi izinambuzane, kufanele wazi Umlimi ngamunye. Kufanele unombono yezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela.

Incazelo izimpawu zangaphandle nematodes

Nematodes - isibungu ubude esuka kwangu elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Abesifazane kanye nabesilisa kuhluke ukubukeka nomunye ngosayizi wazo. Okokuqala banalo obuphelele elengeziwe. umumo izimpethu umzimba kungaba round, okusaqanda noma oblong, intambo-like.

Nematodes enhlabathini (elwa nabo kungaba zahlukahlukene kakhulu) amhlophe futhi beige. Ngo izimpethu athuthukiswe kahle uhlelo kwemisipha ne emgodleni zokuzivikela, okuyinto has a high density. Shona nezibungu encane kakhulu ngobukhulu, it has a umlomo ezihambayo, lapho izinambuzane okuphakelayo.

Nematodes ukukhiqiza kabusha by zibekela iqanda nombala omhlophe, okungaletha round noma kobujamo obusaqanda. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela ngokusobala kabanjalo abadala, abe ikhanda ezimhlophe nomzimba esobala.

Nematodes enhlabathini lapho isithombe ibukeka ezinjengendle kakhulu, nomuzwa evuthiwe touch, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wabo ihlanganiswa ngokuphelele ihambe. Izinambuzane uncamela microclimate ezomile futhi efudumele, okuyinto ekahle amaqanda zizalela kanye nokubeka.

zinhlobo nematodes

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ukucabangela yezindlela oyinhloko wokulawula lezi izinambuzane, kudingeka uqonde ukuthi yini izinhlobo zabo khona. Ngaphezu ngezigaba eziyisisekelo nematodes enhlabathini (ekulweni kwabo kuyinto umsebenzi onzima kakhulu), zidla izitshalo, zikhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ishidi;
• ekunqandeni;
• impande.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi noma iluphi uhlobo lezi zibungu uyingozi umhlaba wonke izitshalo. Abakwazi zithonye engadini nemifino izitshalo, kanye izitshalo zasendlini. Imisebenzi Ebalulekile zonke nematodes baqiniseka okufanayo, kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko ukubukeka, kanye izintandokazi ndawo.

nematodes foliar

Lolu hlobo likhula izimpethu kuphela 1 milimitha, futhi umzimba ine uhlobo sesigcilikisha nombala beige. Bukhoma ku amaqabunga izitshalo, okuyinto zidla futhi. Ishidi nematode yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi ngokwengxenye yethu amagciwane okungukuthi abangela umonakalo okukhulu iyiphi izitshalo.

Indlela ukwazi uma nematodes foliar engadini?

Ukubukeka phezu nematodes ngesakhiwo enhlabathini (ukulwa nabo unika asemrarweni abalimayo eziningi) kuhambisana izici ezilandelayo:

• amahlamvu ilahlekelwa umbala salo esivamile futhi wambozwa izindawo ensundu;
• amaqabunga ziqala ukoma;
• petioles sikhule ngobukhulu;
• lesi sitshalo uqala zikhule futhi bathele izithelo ezimbi;
• efihlekile ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ehlanganiswa izindawo ensundu;
• on the underside amaqabunga avele izindawo ecwebezelayo, okuyinto ke abe nsundu.

Uma isikhathi kungaqali ukuba alwe izinambuzane, lesi sitshalo kuyoba kancane kancane abune futhi onakala ngokuphelele isikhathi. Kulokhu, ikhambi lenkinga kumele wasondela ngokucophelela, njengoba nematodes enhlabathini (ekulweni kunzima kakhulu) sikwazi ukuthumela frost futhi ngonyaka owalandela uzoqala ukushwabadela nezinye izitshalo.

awukudla ekhethwayo leaf nematodes

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lezi izibungu yisinanakazana kungaba ukuhlasela ngokuphelele yinoma uluphi uhlobo flora, kodwa ngokuvamile ukuhlasela izitshalo ezilandelayo:

• strawberry;
• Chrysanthemum;
• Fern zasendlini;
• orchid;
• isihlahla imali;
• Aster;
• dahlia;
• uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi.

Ngakho-ke, uma bekwi ukutshala lezi zitshalo, kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe enze izinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela ukuze zivikeleke ngokumelene nematodes. On kubo Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi.

nematode

Stem nematodes enhlabathini izitshalo zasendlini zivamile kakhulu, ezibhekene abatshali eziningi. Lolu hlobo worm zikhula ubude eyodwa milimitha. Ithinta, amaqabunga nezimbali izitshalo, ukuzilungiselela ngokusebenzisa namahlumela kuyo le mpande.

Ukuba khona kwalawa izinambuzane zingatholakala ku ukubonakaliswa elandelayo:

• ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo kubambezela;
• anda stem ukujiya, ogama umbala luphola;
• ukuqhakaza efihlekile ngokushesha ibuna bese ewa;
• e nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi izinyathelo zokunqanda izinambuzane imbali kufa.

Stem nematodes uncamela nomswakama, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu bayakwazi ukusinda isikhathi eside impela isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo zezulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-worms kwalesi silwane kukhona yisinanakazana ku izitshalo yemifino.

nezimpande-ifindo nematodes

I nematode impande has isici elikhulu umzimba, okuyinto has umbala ophuzi noma ensundu singafinyelela ubude 2 mm, ngaleyo ndlela lihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo silula. Lokhu Inkathazo eliyingozi kakhulu izitshalo ngoba kuthinta izimpande zawo. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo liyaphela ngokuphelele ukukhula, futhi kancane kancane fade, kuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akafi.

Iyiphi ingozi kukhona nematodes ukuze izitshalo?

Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngendlela ukuqeda nematodes emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuba ukhulume izingozi ezibangelwa lezi izinambuzane ngoba izitshalo. Ushwabadela izitshalo, izimpethu, kanye ijusi idwetshwa kuzo zonke izakhamzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo imfucuza yalezi izinambuzane kukhona ubuthi esinamandla kakhulu, izitshalo ezinobuthi, okuyinto ulahlekelwe shape yabo evamile futhi umbala, kunciphe nokuthuthukisa, futhi alethe sokuvuna kakhulu ezincane.

Zonke eyinkimbinkimbi nematodes ukulawula ukuthi ukuba khona kwabo kunzima ukuthola ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Emehlweni ethu enyama lokhu akwenzekanga ngenxa elincane kakhulu. Leaf futhi ekunqandeni izimpethu kungabonwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa khulu, futhi impande atholakala emhlabathini, ngakho kufanele umbe futhi isitshalo nhlobo. Umsuka uhlelo kuleli cala liyombozwa lwezimpawu ensundu.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa ezinobuthi ethakwa ngu nematodes, esikhumbeni zingavela ukusha kanye ukucasuka, ngakho qiniseka ukusebenzisa izingubo nge ezinemikhono emide kanye amagilavu lapho sisebenzelana worm.

Pest ukuphathwa

Njalo Umlimi osebenza engadini abanesifiso sokwazi kanjani ukubhekana nalesi nematodes enhlabathini. Le nqubo kunzima ngempela, ngakho uma izitshalo ukuvimbela ukusabalala izinambuzane isiko engumakhelwane abathintekayo kakhulu kakhulu, kungcono lilahle.

Izindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke

Abalimi Novice ngizwe fulmigatsii, okuyinto indlela ephumelela kakhulu control inkathazo. Kuyini inhlabathi fumigation ngokumelene nematodes? Lokhu izitshalo ukucutshungulwa nomhlabathi ethize ezinobuthi futhi evala yabo. Thenga amakhemikhali kungaba kunoma iyiphi isitolo ingadi. abalimi abanolwazi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa "Nefamos", "Dimethoate" noma "Vidat", okuyinto wafutha izitshalo. Ukuthi ngempumelelo isinyathelo, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali izitshalo is arcade kwenziwa ngendlela ecacile, usuku ezolile. Uma isitshalo washaywa nezimpande-ifindo nematodes, amakhemikhali atholakala buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, linezela ohlelweni impande. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zimali kuphela ukubulala izikelemu omdala, ngakho sishaye Kunconywa ukuba afeze izikhathi eziningana ukuthi izibungu nazo babulawe.

Ezinye izindlela zokubhekana nayo izimpethu

Alternative makhemikhali amagciwane. They are kasibili ephephile izitshalo kanye nabantu, ngoba ayiqukethe ingxenye yimuphi ubuthi. Omunye izidakamizwa amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni leli qembu "Nematofagin". Lapho uyisebenzisa kufanele zilandelwe umthamo wabonisa ngumkhiqizi. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo zokusha futhi bafe. Uma unesithakazelo umbuzo yini ukuba aphathe inhlabathi ngokumelene nematodes nge umonakalo okungenani kuya isitshalo, umenzeli yemvelo uzoba isixazululo esingcono kakhulu ukulondoloza izitshalo ezivela izinambuzane.

Esikhathini ukulawula izibungu udle namahlumela kuyo le mpande, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa ukushisa. Ngenxa yalesi lesi sitshalo ezaziwumbile, izingxenye ezilimele of izimpande zawo benqunywa whereupon esigaxeni egxilile imizuzu emanzini 5 sishisiswe degrees 50. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma izimpethu sase ashaya iningi ohlelweni impande, le ndlela zingase zingabi usizo, ngoba ukususwa iningi rhizomes zalesi sihlahla abakwazi ukusinda.

Ngemva kokuphothulwa isitshalo ukwelashwa ukushisa itshalwe ku endaweni entsha. Lokho-ke ngokujwayelekile wanamathela ehluleka ukuthola i-, ezansi emthonjeni Kunconywa ukwengeza inani elincane protivonematodnogo izidakamizwa. Ngemva betshala inhlabathi ukuze uyokhululwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo impande ukuthutheleka-mpilo okwanele. Le ndlela kufanelekile ukulawula nematodes yanoma yimuphi ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kwaba njalo endabeni ka eluhlaza kanye stem izimpethu kwenziwa ukucubungula ezishisayo of amaqabunga neziqu. Kulokhu, zitshala izitshalo futhi saziso.

izinyathelo

Ngakho, indlela engcono kakhulu nematodes enhlabathini - chemical izidakamizwa, kodwa anobuthi kakhulu, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungaletha kokubili inzuzo kanye nokulimala. Ngakho-ke, le mpi yokulwa izinambuzane, kungcono ukuze bazame ukuvimbela ukuba nesenzakalo yabo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, afeze izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuvimbela:

• umzukuzuku njalo ukhula;
• ukususa ngesikhathi esifanele amahlamvu bawile;
• ukususa noma imaphi amacembe eseliphuphile izitshalo;
• ukwenza iphinde itshalwe ngezikhathi;
• njalo vspushivayte umhlaba;
• ngokucophelela ukukhetha impahla ukutshala;
• ungapheli izitshalo amanzi amanzi kakhulu;
• zonke infield ekwindla mba.

Ukunamathela lawa mathiphu alula namasu, ungagwema hhayi kuphela nematodes, kodwa futhi nezinye izinambuzane eziningi.

isiphetho

Uma kunjalo, lesi sitshalo washaywa izimpethu futhi ngeke ibuyiselwe, kufanele ushiswe. Uma loku kungentiwa, worm basakazekela kwezinye izitshalo, okuyinto futhi ingakulahlekela. Sekuyisikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izinambuzane, ngoba umthamo high zokuzala. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ingadi yakho kwaba njalo ukuze futhi wanika isivuno esihle, ukuwabuka ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka.