Esiteshini Polar "Vostok" I-Antarctica: incazelo, umlando, isimo sezulu kanye nokufinyelela

Legendary Russian esiteshini polar "Vostok" e-Antarctica yadalwa ngo-1957. Itholakala enkabeni yaleli zwekazi, iqhwa nesithwathwa. Thanda engu-59 edlule, futhi namuhla iwuphawu inaccessibility isigxobo.

Ibanga esuka esiteshini eya eSouth Pole lingaphansi kuka olwandle, kanye labantu esiteshini ingeqi abantu 25. okushisa aphansi, ukuphakama amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamathathu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, a bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele kusukela izwe ebusika ibe omunye ungakhululekile kakhulu ukuba kuhlalwe kuwo izindawo abantu Emhlabeni. Naphezu kwezimo ezinzima, impilo "East" akagcini ngisho at -80 ° C. Ososayensi bahlola echibini esiyingqayizivele subglacial, esemgwaqweni at amakhilomitha amane ukujula.

indawo

esiteshini Scientific "Vostok" (Antarctica) ise km 1253 ukusuka eSouth Pole futhi 1260 km ukusuka ogwini lolwandle. Icecap lapha ifinyelela ukushuba 3700 m. Ebusika, esiteshini ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa, ngakho wabahloli polar ancike kuphela ngamandla abo. izindiza zilethwe lapha imithwalo ehlobo. "Inqubekela" ngenjongo efanayo futhi kusetshenziswa isitimela sledge-isibungu kusuka esiteshini. Ngaphambili, isitimela enjalo eza, ekanye "Ukuthula" esiteshini, kodwa namuhla, ngenxa nesanda hummocks endleleni isitimela, kwakungenakwenzeka.

esiteshini Polar "Vostok" itholakala eduze South Geomagnetic Pole kule planethi yethu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba bahlanganyele kazibuthe izinguquko wokucwaninga eMhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo esiteshini amayelana abantu amane - onjiniyela kanye nososayensi.

"Vostok" siteshi: umlando, isimo sezulu

Lesi sikhungo yesayensi esiyingqayizivele lakhiwa ngo-1957 ucwaningo nokuqaphelisisa semvelo i-Antarctica. Kusukela ekusungulweni esiteshini Russian "Vostok" e-Antarctica akukaze liyeke ukusebenza, umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka namuhla. Ososayensi sikuthanda kakhulu relict echibini subglacial. imishini ehlukile ezifakwa glacial yayiqhutshelwa maphakathi nawo-nineties esiteshini. Okokuqala sokuprakthiza ezishisayo bese electromechanical ku ikhebuli ethwele yasetshenziswa.

Drilling Aari iqembu ne-Leningrad Imayini Institute ngokuhlanganyela bethole echibini esiyingqayizivele komhlaba "East". Kuyinto ezifihliwe ice ishidi ukushuba amamitha engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine. Ubukhulu balo, mhlawumbe 250x50 amakhilomitha. I amamitha kuka 1,200 ukujula. endaweni yayo idlula ayizinkulungwane 15.5 amakhilomitha square.

Manje ukuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi amasha ngoba inhlolovo kwechibi ezijulile. "East" - esiteshini e-Antarctica, waba nengxenye target hlelo sikahulumeni "Umhlaba Ocean". Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi aphenya umsebenzi womuntu ezimweni esikhulu kangako.

Isimo sezulu

izimo ezinzima abadumile esiteshini polar "Vostok". Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo endaweni lingachazwa kafushane - endaweni enomoya emhlabeni cha. Lapha, i-esincane kakhulu eqoshiwe lokushisa - 89 ° C. Isilinganiso izinkomba lokushisa lonke uhla ngonyaka kusukela -31 ° C - 68 ° C, kuze esiphezulu ngokuphelele, okuyinto fixed godu ezikude 1957 - -13 ° C. izinsuku 120 uyaqhubeka ebusuku polar - kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-April kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Izinyanga wawushisa kunayo yonke eyaziwayo esiteshini - December nango-January. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa -35,1 ° C -35,5 ° C. Lokhu lokushisa ifaniswe abandayo-anthrax ebusika. Inyanga enomoya - Agasti. lokushisa air uwela -75,3 ° C, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngezansi -88,3 ° C. Umkhawulo enomoya (usuku) -52 ° C, zonke kokuma ngoMeyi izinga lokushisa aliphumi ngenhla -41.6 ° C. Kodwa okushisa aphansi - akusiyo inkinga sezulu ezinkulu inselele wabahloli.

Station "East" (Antarctica) itholakala endaweni cishe zero nomswakama. Lapha kukhona ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Isiteshi itholakala ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha ezingaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Endaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana acclimatization womuntu ihlala isikhathi esisuka esontweni elilodwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Le nqubo ngokuvamile uhambisana agcwele injabulo emehlweni, isiyezi, umongozima, ubuhlungu ezindlebeni, umuzwa ngenxa yokungawutholi umoya, kukhuphuke blood pressure, izinkinga zokulala, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu inzima emisipheni nasemalungeni, isisindo ukulahlekelwa amakhilogremu abafinyelela kwabahlanu.

kwezesayensi

"East" - isiteshi e-Antarctica, lapho Ochwepheshe kukhona abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye leminyaka ocwaningo amaminerali kanye hydrocarbon izinto zokusetshenziswa, ephuza amanzi, eyenziwa actinometrical, Aero-Meteorological, glaciological nokubona Geophysical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqhuba izifundo ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, ukutadisha yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ucwaningo "-ozone imbobo" kanye nokunye. D.

Life esiteshini

"East" - esiteshini e-Antarctica, lapho abantu ekhethekile ziphile futhi zisebenze. Ziyakwazi ngokungenamkhawulo qotho udaba lwabo, ayathanda isifundo yaleli zwekazi engaqondakali. Lokhu kukhathazeka, ngomqondo best of izwi, siyivumele ukuba sikhuthazelele zonke ubunzima ngokuhlukana ukuphila, yesikhathi eside nabathandekayo babo. ukuphila Polar ungakwazi kuphela umona kuphela extremals abahlupheka kakhulu.

Station "Vostok" (Antarctica) has izici eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke sizungezwe ezinye izinambuzane - izimvemvane, omiyane, omiyane. Esiteshini, akukho. Kukhona ngisho nezilwanyana ezincane. Amanzi lapha - kusuka iqhwa encibilikisiwe. It ayinazo amaminerali noma nosawoti, ngakho lesi sitshalo abasebenzi okokuqala uhlangabezana ukoma njalo.

Sishilo kakade ukuthi abacwaningi Sekuyisikhathi eside yamba kahle oluyimfihlakalo Lake Vostok. Ngo-2011, ngesikhathi ka 3540 amamitha ukujula sitholwe ngumuntu ice omusha namerz ngezansi. Leli chibi lamanzi eqandisiwe. Polar siwumsebenzi ehlanzekile mnandi kakhulu ukunambitheka, kungashiwo abilisiwe ukwenziwa itiye.

Lesi sakhiwo, ikhaya bamazwe polar uqaphele imitha amabili-ungqimba kweqhwa. Ngaphakathi kungekho kukhanya. ezimbili kweminyango ukuze phambili ngaphandle - main bese bebeka. Indlela eyinhloko - kuyinto umnyango lapho wemba iqhwa imitha amahlanu Umhubhe. Eziphuthumayo ophumayo sifushane. Kuyinto ezitebhisini emaweni okuholela ophahleni esiteshini.

Lesi sakhiwo yokuhlala has a saloon, i-TV odongeni (nakuba eliwumhlaba esiteshini sethelevishini alikho), itafula pool. Lapho izinga lokushisa Igumbi lehla ngezansi zero, lapho bonke uzame ukungahambi. Kodwa ngolunye usuku, wabahloli isitokwe wathola engaphelele amageyimu console. It salungiswa, ukuxhuma TV kanye wardroom saphila - manje kukhona uya bamazwe. Ngo jackets efudumele ibhulukwe, amabhuzu kanye nezigqoko, beze ukudlala izimpi nezinhlanga.

inothi Polar ukuthi esiteshini "Vostok" (Antarctica) is ibe imigomo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kule minyaka yamuva. Warm izindawo zokuhlala eziqinile, amakamelo for umsebenzi zezemfundo, igumbi lokudlela, iyunithi udizili kanye nezinye ezidingekayo impilo isakhiwo esiteshini wenza ukuphila lapha kwamukelekile ngempela.

Fire kwi "Vostok" esiteshini e-Antarctica

Nambili ngo-Ephreli 1982 i- "East" akuyona baxhumana ezwekazini. Akekho owayazi wabikezela ukuthi kwenzekani. Ebusuku, usohlelweni, esiteshini yabonakala Ubudlelwano izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye. Lapho uxhumano wayengekho kanye lesibili ihora esimisiwe, kwacaca: kwakukhona okuthile okungavamile. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana - noma kunjalo yengozi eziphuthumayo. Ubukhulu sokuhlupheka esiteshini ke akekho eyayingalindelwe.

Station "East" (Antarctica) Inekamela ehlukile, lapho ibekwe udizili power station. Kukhona futhi lo mlilo uqale ngobusuku Mashi 12. Kwaba isiqalo ebusika. Ngamandla yayakhiwe indlu encane lapho wahlala Mechanics. Ayengalali Wayevuka ngehora lesine ekuseni nephunga acrid intuthu.

Ngaphandle, zathola ukuthi umlilo ivutha ophahleni. Nokho, kusasele imizuzu embalwa yikho konke winterers ngokuxhamazela ugqoke futhi saphelelwa engena amakhaza. Spotlight ukuthi esikhanyayo endaweni, waphuma. Ukukhanya kuphela umlilo.

Fire Ukulwa

Umlilo waphithizelisa iqhwa, bese uzama ukufihla nge ngoseyili ukuvimbela ukufinyelela-mpilo. Kodwa ngoseyili luvutha kweso. Abantu ababeka bakhuphukela phezulu ophahleni, kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha sifinyelele phansi. Uphahla ziphele nya imizuzu amathathu.

amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu kusukela esiteshini wema ithangi nge-diesel. Hudula kubo kwakungenakwenzeka - siyesinda kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, umoya wawuvunguza kolunye uhlangothi. Ilondolozwe kodwa nokuthi udizili kwakubanda kakhulu, amakhaza waba viscous. Wayebe ashisayo kakhulu Bust phandle.

Ngokushesha wabahloli akazange phawula ukuthi kukhona omunye unjiniyela phakathi kwabo. Isidumbu sayo atholakele emlotheni. Ngokushesha ngemva komlilo isiteshi izakhiwo basala ngaphandle ukushisa nokukhanya kodwa emgwaqweni kwaba -67 ° C ...

Indlela ukusinda?

Kube inhlekelele langempela. Down ezimbili udizili generator ngokuphelele ukuthi ugesi esiteshini enikeziwe futhi ababili esiqiwini. Ungabi ukukhanya emakamelweni base uyeke nginomdlandla yesayensi amathuluzi, amabhethri seyizolile isitofu egwedlwayo. Inkinga kwabe kungukuthi ngisho ngamanzi - ke yalungiswa elektrotayalke kweqhwa. Egumbini Umbuso bathole kaphalafini isitofu esidala. Lathuthela kwelinye ikamu yokuhlala.

Futhi ngalesi sikhathi liphindelela ngifuna indlela yokuphuma isimo eMoscow. Thina welulekana nabashayeli bezindiza amatilosi. Kodwa akukho ukukhetha angase ukusebenza kule nokhahlo ebusuku polar.

Life emva umlilo

Abahloli bamazwe wanquma ukuziphilela wodwa. guys Abanesibindi akalindanga usizo esuka ezwekazini. E-Moscow, umlayezo umsakazo wadluliselwa: "Kuze kube entwasahlobo ukusinda." Babazi ukuthi izitha zakhe nezwekazi ezineqhwa akusho ukuthethelela missteps, kodwa asinalo uzwela kulabo despair.

Ubusika baqhubeka ukuphoqelela-majeure izimo. Abahloli bamazwe wathuthela eyodwa yokuhlala amancane. Ngesisekelo igesi amasilinda ukulolongwa izitofu ezintsha eziyisihlanu. Kulesi ikamelo, okwakuwuphawu lokulala, nendawo yokudlela, ikhishi, futhi amathuluzi esayensi.

I ethile eyinhloko kwesithando entsha laba mnyama. Ubuthelele ibhakede ngosuku. Ngemva kwesikhashana, sibonga azi aerology upheke winterers ungase ukubhaka isinkwa. Izingxenye isivivinyo anamathela izindonga eziko, futhi ngaleyo ndlela isinkwa ezidliwayo ngokuphelele.

Futhi ukudla okushisayo, futhi ukushisa kwakudingeka ukukhanya. Bese laba bantu enamandla waqala ukwenza amakhandlela usebenzisa kaphala- asbestos intambo ekhona. "Ikhandlela ifektri" wasebenza kuze kube sekupheleni ubusika.

Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka!

Naphezu kwezimo Amazing, wabahloli ngokwethukela waqala ukuzindla ahlaziye ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi ngokwesayensi. Kodwa lokhu kwakubangelwa kusilela esikhulu kukagesi. Injini, onguyena kuphela osaphila kwanelisa izidingo nomsakazo Welding. Imane "wesaba ukuphefumula."

Noma kunjalo nesangoma uphazamisa sezulu yabo ababecabanga ngesikhathi umlilo kuphela. Ngemva kwale nhlekelele, wasebenza njengenjwayelo. Embuka, waqhubeka nomsebenzi magnetologist.

insindiso

Ngakho labetibambile ubusika - e ukubanda okwedlulele, ngaphandle elangeni lapho umoya-mpilo nokuntuleka, izimo elikhulu. Kodwa laba bantu sikhuthazele, lokho kukodwa kuyinto feat. Abazange wahluleka ukuzithiba futhi 'banambithe "ukusebenza. They lasted 7.5 izinyanga, njengoba okuthenjiswa abahluleli eMoscow, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni Novemba ukuya esiteshini landizela IL-14 owanikhipha generator entsha ubusika amane entsha elilandelayo, lo mkhankaso 28. Kwakuphakathi kwezinqumo abagibeli indiza kanye Doctor eside elindelwe. Wathi abekulindele esiteshini demoralized nabantu sikhathele siyingcuba. Nokho, lezi guys kwakuyingozi lokho.

Futhi emva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu "Ukuthula" kufika sledge-ugandaganda isitimela. Waletha zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo, kanye konke ukwakhiwa isikhungo sikagesi. Ngemuva kwaleso sikhathi waya iziteshi ngokushesha: bonke abantu bebengazama ngidele anqwabelene "amacala," ucwaningo.

Lapho kushintshwa kuthiwa, nabahloli bamazwe abanesibindi ethunyelwe indiza "ukuthula". Ibhodi efanayo futhi waletha izinsalela oshonile Alexei Karpenko. It wangcwatshwa e-Antarctic "Novodevichy" emathuneni. Zonke ezinye bayiswa umkhumbi polar "Bashkiria", okuyinto wabayisa Leningrad. Namuhla, bonke bangabafowabo anhlamvana, futhi abanye abantu kwadingeka ngaleso sikhathi waphinda iqhaza uhambo Antarctic.

Station "Vostok": imithetho ngokuvakashela

Izivakashi, ngalokho, kanye nabahamba lelungiselelwe, esiteshini is hhayi kuphela priglashayut- Research Center. Nokho, ukuvakashela "East" Kusengenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abafisa Ngalokungaketayeleki kumele usebente kubo Research Institute e-Arctic ukufakazela lotawulungisa kungani esiteshini iyazidinga. Ubuncane izicelo - impilo enhle eningi amakhono awusizo.