Umlando yaseLondon: incazelo, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo zokungcebeleka

Cishe zonke lezi zihambi abazithola UK bathambekele qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela nenhloko-dolobha yalo. Akumangazi, ngoba umlando London sekuqhubeke iminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezimbili, lugcwele izenzakalo, kuhlanganise igazi. Yini ongayenza zisitshela ngendalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa isikhungo ezombusazwe, ezomnotho namasiko-United Kingdom, zokungcebeleka zayo ezithakazelisayo?

Umlando yaseLondon: ekuqaleni

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala inhlokodolobha yase-Albion sangomhla 43 ngonyaka AD. Eqinisweni, indaba iqala eLondon ne lokufikela LamaRoma Legion ngokuthi iBritish Isles. Ukuhambisa maphakathi nezwe, amabutho wahlangana isithiyo, okuyinto iThames abadumile. Ukunqamula lomfula kwakusho ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Ukuze umsebenzi amaRoma baphoqeleka ukuba bamisa ebhange enyakatho uMfula iThames, okwathi seyaziwa ngokuthi Londinium.

Ngokusho amarekhodi usosayensi uTacitus, kakade 51, leli dolobhana elisha ngokuthi uye wathola isicoco yohwebo nodonga lwesivikelo. Okokuqala, sasizungezwe odongeni zobumba, futhi kamuva (cishe ngo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesine) kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo kukhona udonga lwamatshe ngapha. Umlando yaseLondon ebonisa ukuthi lowo muzi wahlangabezana izikhathi ezinzima ezihlobene lapho kuwa uMbuso WaseRoma. Buildings babhujiswa, inani izakhamizi yehlile kakhulu. Nokho, London isibe Reborn ngekhulu lesikhombisa. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho bomuzi bevuka lombhishobhi lokuqala ogama lakhe behlonipha Saint Paul.

Ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye kuya Londinium wangaphambili wabuya idumela Trade Center, kodwa kube nenkinga entsha - Viking kuphangwa. Inqubo ngakwazi ukuletha kuphela le nkosi Eduard Ispovednik, phakathi nekhulu le-11 owamemezela-Anglo-Saxon supremacy edolobheni.

Ephakathi

Umlando yaseLondon ngeNkathi Ephakathi njengoba engenakulibaleka. Ngekhulu le-11 insimu yalo yakhiwa Westminster Abbey, lapho ngo-1066 wagcotshwa edumile uWilliam uMnqobi. Ngemizamo edolobheni yenkosi abaceba nezinkulu. Ngo 1209 edumile Yakhiwa iLondon Bridge, kunalokho okuyinto awele uMfula iThames, ke sekuneminyaka iminyaka engaba ngu-600.

Isikhathi ukumboza 12, 13 kanye ngekhulu le-14, kwatholakala ukuthi ubunzima ngoba le ndawo. Umlando yaseLondon ubonisa ukuthi wayengasho kafushane bathunjwa isiFulentshi, abanolwazi ongumlimi ukuvukela. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho inkinga enkulu bekusibetho.

Inenzuzo inhloko-dolobha Albion wabonakala ngesikhathi kubusa Tudor lwamakhosi. Ngaleso sikhathi e-London wayephakathi eziyinxanxathela enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu. A nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni yayo buthakathaka Spain, wanqoba empini ye 1588.

isikhathi esisha

Tudors Stuarts lwashintsha, kodwa dolobha liye laqhubeka lichuma. By endleleni, isimo main e United Kingdom London ithengwa 1707. Kwenzeka okufanayo ekhulwini St Paul yokutakula ngomlilo, ukwakhiwa of Westminster ibhuloho. Buckingham Palace uguqulwe sokuhlala main zamakhosi.

Emakhulwini eminyaka th 19-20, lowo muzi wahlangabezana kwezimboni kanye ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha inombolo izakhamuzi zakhona kwandile million abantu. Ngo-1836, kwaqalwa umsebenzi wokwakha ujantshi, e-1863 kwakukhona ongaphansi komhlaba eLondon. izinkinga Yiqiniso, ziye zaba khona, isibonelo, ubhubhane ikholera, okuyinto kalula alichaza ukwanda okusheshayo kwenani labantu.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana ukulahlekelwa kuzona ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, iqukethe umlando London. Kafushane: Inhlokodolobha uye wahlupheka ngokuphindaphindiwe kusukela izindiza esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa isitha, eziningi izakhiwo kwabhujiswa. Esikwaziyo okucishe kube yizo izisulu phakathi lezakhamuzi - ayizinkulungwane 30 abantu.

incazelo

Yiqiniso, akuyona kuphela umlando ezithakazelisayo yaseLondon. Uyini umuzi omkhulu e-United Kingdom namuhla? Kuyaziwa ukuthi lowo muzi idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu, elise ensimini ka-Europe ezaziwayo. endaweni yayo imayelana 1580 amakhilomitha square.

Bangaki abantu abahlala enhlokodolobha yase Albion? Ngokusho idatha yamuva, bangamaphesenti abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-8.5. Izakhamuzi zedolobha akuzona kuphela British kodwa futhi Irish, base-Asia, amaNdiya kanye nabanye.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Umlando yaseLondon uthi umuzi hhayi njalo sasiphatha ngegama lalo lamanje. Ngo zemihla ahlukahlukene ukuthi behlele izinsuku zethu, edolobheni ubizwa ngokuthi Londinium, Lyudenburg, Lyudenvik. I zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni inhlokodolobha kubhekwa ngekhulu le-17, kuba isikhathi izakhamuzi zalo zibhekene nezimo ezethusayo ezifana Kwande Omkhulu, zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-60 eziyinkulungwane, Elikhulu Fire yaseLondon, okuyinto phansi izakhiwo eziningi ube zomlando eziligugu.

Abantu bendawo ngokuvamile ukubiza umuzi wabo "intuthu enkulu". Lokhu kungenxa ngentuthu enkulu - inhlekelele okwenzeka ngo-1952. Zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu umuzi zimbozwe intuthu, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa emakamu ngokweqile wamabhizinisi zezimboni insimu yalo. Omkhulu Smog wabulala izinkulungwane ezine.

Emhlabeni akukho ongaphansi komhlaba, wakha ngaphambi London. izakhamuzi zakhona yaseLondon ngokuthi "ipayipi", njengoba kwakunjalo kuleli fomu has iningi imigudu.

Umlando London Museum

Izakhamuzi inhlokodolobha British ubheke ngokucophelela ukuze umlando nomuzi othandekayo. Ubufakazi iyona History Museum yaseLondon, inani ziphephile Sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto kudlulwe esigidini. Lesi sakhiwo wagcina onke ehlangene impilo kwalesi sigodi, kusukela esikhathini ngaphambi isisekelo sayo.

Ukuvulwa grand Museum senzeka ngo-1976, itholakala eduze Cathedral St kukaPawulu. ukufinyelela yakhe mahhala kuwo wonke umuntu. Okwamanje, umbukiso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu umqeqeshi leMeya iNkosi.

Natural History Museum

Natural History Museum e-London, uvele 1881, waqale wasebenza njengengxenye waseBritish Museum, kamuva ngokusemthethweni esehlukene naye. Lesi sakhiwo idume ziphephile zayo ezingavamile kusuka emhlabeni wesayensi, ezesayensi yezitshalo mineralogy, i-paleontology nesayensi. Okokuqala kwayo phakathi izakhamuzi nezivakashi emzini ngenxa yokuthi izibankwakazi abakhona phakathi nemibukiso.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-Museum of Natural History (igama lakhe phakathi), ungabona amathambo endoda Diplodocus, ubude 26 amamitha. izivakashi futhi ubonisa imodeli mechanical a rex Tyrannosaurus.

ezikhangayo elikhanyayo

Ngenhlanhla, ngomlando onezigigaba yaseLondon eqoshiwe hhayi kuphela izincwadi. Kungenzeka ukufunda, kucwaninga ezikhangayo ukuthi kufanele idume inhloko-dolobha Albion. Ngokwesibonelo, iTower of London - inqaba ukuthi sekuneminyaka phezu 900 iminyaka, ekubambeni cishe wonke umlando onegazi UK. Okwamanje, waphenduka ibe Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyingqayizivele, ngaphakathi equkethe okuningi ziphephile ezithakazelisayo.

Westminster Abbey - isibonelo esihle bokwakha Gothic, kade kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka futhi ebatshazwa kakhulu ngoba ubuhle bayo. Kulapha ngaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, kwakukhona wokugcotshwa ababusi British, nazi amathuna abameleli eliqavile isizwe - hhayi kuphela mithi, kodwa futhi ososayensi, abalobi. EBritish Museum iqukethe eziningi ziphephile ukuthi sizihlole zonke akunakwenzeka, ngisho izinsuku ezimbalwa. Le ndawo ukwakhiwa 6 amahektha. Ingasaphathwa Buckingham Palace, lapho 775 amakamelo.