Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe British: ngezithombe nokubuyekeza. I eBritish Museum eLondon: ziphephile

Ungabi iphutha uma sicabanga ukuthi, mhlawumbe, ethandwa kakhulu UK izivakashi iyona eBritish Museum eLondon. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu engcebeni esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi sidalwe ngokuzenzekelayo (kanye nezinye iminyuziyamu eminingi kuleli zwe). isisekelo zalo zazikunye amaqoqo amathathu yangasese.

EBritish Museum itholakala endaweni ethile yase-6 amahektha ezakhiweni kwakhiwa iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu. Ziqukethe ziphephile wonke amasiko aziwayo emhlabeni namuhla. I eBritish Museum eLondon - omunye izikhungo ambalwa YaseYurophu alolu, okuyinto, ziphephile ezithakazelisayo hhayi kuphela esiyingqayizivele ezingavamile. Isakhiwo ngokwaso kuyinto lesikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko eliyigugu.

ngeminyaka kakhulu (kweminyaka engu-250) kuhlobene ngokuqondile umlando wezwe lapho ngesayensi yemvelo yanda. Mhlawumbe yingakho hhayi ube ngumsizi wabaningi, nomculi, usosayensi, isazi semvelo, kuyinto umsunguli umhlangano abadumile. Sikhuluma esigodlweni udokotela Mnumzane Hans Sloane (1660-1753). Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wakwazi ukuqoqa elikhulu lemibhalo ethnographic, isayensi yemvelo kanye art ziphephile, emelela ungowenani elikhulu.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe British: ziphephile

I lolwehlukanisa lokhu Museum - ezihlukahlukene omkhulu ziphephile. curiosities Archaeological kanye ethnographic kukhona side by side nge imidwebo, izinto emvelo-isayensi iphiko, imibhalo yesandla yasendulo, izincwadi kanye eziqoshiwe.

Museum of History

British National Museum waqala nomlando wayo e 1753. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho semvelo kusukela UK Hans Sloane washiyela iqoqo yakhe eyingqayizivele isizwe. Kuvulwa Museum sivunyiwe ngesenzo ekhethekile wePhalamende Enkulu YaseBrithani. Ngu 1759, lapho Museum ngokusemthethweni iqala umsebenzi wayo, iqoqo ziphephile agcwaliswa Library yasebukhosini.

Imifanekiso

It akunakuphikwa pearl iqoqo, okuyinto uyaziqhenya waseBritish Museum. lezi izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu abizwa ngokuthi Parthenon Marbles (noma Elgin namamabula). Igama ezikutholile yokudumisa Ukubala, owabakhipha esikhathini sawo Greece. Namuhla, i-Museum uqhosha iqoqo ebaziwe Asian esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. WaseGibhithe umnyango zakudala has iqoqo, ababebalelwa amakhophi angaba yizinkulungwane 66, ukuqoqwa yamaGreki asendulo siqukethe inombolo yobuciko edumile emhlabeni wonke: Demeter esifanekisweni, a ngokudayisa ka Pericles nabanye.

Amagama Abadali zabo kungaziwa, naphezu ubunjalo nobubanzi imisebenzi. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi eziqoshiwe kanye friezes we Parthenon - umsebenzi lo umqophi ezidumile ezivela Greece (Phidias), eyayiqondisa ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa ye-Acropolis engasenyakatho. Hhayi nje kuleli zwe Uzame ubuyisele Parthenon namamabula. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, England ekujaheni ukusho goodbye nge enani elikhulu. Zombili izinhlangothi has umbono ayo kule ndaba: amaGreki ngokuthi nokukhishwa esingenantengo izinsalela ukweba, abasebenzi Museum British ukholelwa ukuthi lesi ebaziwe isilinganiso ukulondolozwa ekubhujisweni.

Mhlawumbe, izinhlangothi ezimbili abanamalungelo abo. Earl of Elgin wathatha eyinqaba kakhulu imvume kahulumeni yokuba nokukhishwa izinto ezithile ezivela ezweni. Ngesikhathi ezithathwe phezu yi-British Museum, i-Parthenon engaphezu kwekhulu, kuba amanxiwa agugile.

itshe Rosetta

Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu ingenye ziphephile edume kakhulu, okuyinto ephethwe yi-British Museum. Mshini eyatholwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Wavumela Jean Champollion (French mlando-Orientalist, sezilimi) ukuhumusha yokubhala yamaGibhithe. Namuhla, lesi esifuze uyakhonza izivakashi umGibhithe Museum ihholo.

mummy Katabet

iminyaka emithathu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane - yobudala nompristikazi mummy ka-Amoni-Ra, ogama lakhe lalingu-Katabet. Isidumbu sakhe ayesongwe ngendwangu. Umuntu ihlanganisa buso eyayibhalwe, oluveza isithombe a nompristikazi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi sarcophagus ekuqaleni senzelwe amadoda. Esinye isici sale mummy - Brain abesifazane, ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izitho azisuswanga.

Hoa Haka-Nana-IA

Collection waseBritish Museum unesinye gem. Lokhu ebaziwe basePolynesia, yaletha esuka e-Easter Island. Ibizwa ngokuthi Hoa Haka-Nana-Ia. On leli gama Russian ihumusha ngokuthi "eyebiwe (noma kufihlwe) ngamunye." Ekuqaleni moai ezibaziweyo isithombe ababethi umbala ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi upende liphelile, aqhephukile futhi wadalula basalt tuff. Le nto zemvelo, eliqinile lalisetshenziswa womshini ebaziwe Monolithic.

Nentshebe we Sphinx Omkhulu

Ngenxa yemizamo ye Dzhovanni Batisty Caviglia, ongowokuzalwa e-Italy, i-British Museum ine eqoqweni layo elementi Omkhulu Sphinx nesilevu. owenza bodumo Caviglia wanquma umbe ukukhangana eyinhloko Giza. Henry Salt (British Ambassador) ukubeka isimo engumthengisi Italian ukuthi zonke izinto ezitholakele, enesibopho ukuze uthumele i-British Museum. Izingcezu asele ka ngesilevu ukuthi Caviglia kwesokunxele esihlabathini, manje egcinwe eMnyuziyamu waseGibhithe e Cairo.

Library waseBritish Museum

It yaba isisekelo elisungulwe 1753 iqoqo medieval-Anglo-Saxon futhi emibhalweni yesandla yesiLatini eqoqwe uSir Hans Sloane. Umqondo udala umtapo kusekelwa George II. Yanikela Museum ngu umtapo iKing Edward IV. Enye amakhophi ayinkulungwane 65 uvele ukuqoqwa ngo-1823. Kwaba sipho e-King George III. Ngo-1850, isakhiwo Museum ingenye edume kakhulu ukufundwa amakamelo zomhlaba wavulwa - ke wasebenza Karl Marks, Lenin, kanye nabanye abantu abadumile.

emtatsheni wezincwadi kwekhulu lama-20

Lo mcimbi enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni we-British Library sika okwenzeka ekhulwini XX. ezine iqoqo kazwelonke yezincwadi sebehlanganisiwe ngoJulayi 1973. Kamuva kwangena yezincwadi eScotland naseWales. Ngo-1973, i-System Library yasungulwa. Kuyinto ngempumelelo kuze kube namuhla - abafundi ungathola noma iyiphi incwadi okungukuthi e-UK.

Esikhathini esifanayo (XX) ekhulwini eqoqweni iBritish Library yabonakala imibhalo yesandla Buddhist futhi izincwadi zokuqala ezinyathelisiwe kusukela Dunhuang. Ngo-1933, i-British Museum uthenge eRussia namamane * ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu iCodex Sinaiticus - izinsalela bobuKristu obuyigugu ukuthi amandla Soviet kubhekwe ayidingeki emphakathini ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.

neqoqo lomtapo

Namuhla lezincwadi, imibhalo yesandla yesandla esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iqoqo liqukethe amakhophi angaphezu kuka ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ayizinkulungwane. Kusukela ngo-1983, wabonakala efasiteleni lokuhlwaya le Library National elondiwe. Lapha, ugcine amanothi umsindo orekhodiwe, imibhalo yesandla imisebenzi zomculo - kusukela Handel "The Beatles".

izithombe

UMnyuziyamu waseBrithani unekhophi embukisweni elikhulu lezinto yobuciko. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ingxenye qualitative, akusiyo wawungaphansi Louvre eParis, noma Hermitage Petersburg sika. Ngokusho inani yobuciko edumile emhlabeni wonke waseBritish Museum ayinakuqhathaniswa. Phakathi abaculi abadumile kakhulu emhlabeni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola omunye ogama izithombe ziyashoda emhlanganweni eLondon.

Exposure igalari

Yiqiniso, ukuba ogwini Albion, ngifuna nokufunda ikhono kule ndawo. Lesi sici sihlinzeka waseBritish Museum egcwele. Zabalingiswa abadwebi omkhulu wawumelela namathafa ekumeni of Lawrence futhi Gainsborough, imidwebo Hogarth sika satirical. Zibonisa original British art esikoleni sibesibumbene. England Painting kuphazanyiswa ezidumile ngabaculi Italy, Spain, Netherlands, iziphi kabanzi amelwe London National Gallery.

Lapha ungabona "Virgin we Rocks" (uLeonardo da Vinci). Lokhu yokugcina inketho imidwebo egcinwe e-Louvre. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe izivakashi ungakwazi ukujabulela imidwebo eziyisithupha Botticelli. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi gem kweqiniso ye-master - "Venus ne-Mars". Isibonisi isebenza emelelwa kahle Piero della Francesca, Antonello Messina, Veronese, Tintoretto, Tiziano.

Uma lucky ngokwanele ukuba uvakashele eBritish Museum, ungaphuthelwa ukuqoqwa imidwebo ngu Carlo Crivelli - Venetian, owayehlala futhi esebenzela ekhulwini xv. Namuhla, umsebenzi lokhu okuyinhloko okukhulu akuyona njengoba odumile njengoba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho 'Madonna Rondino "ukhokhele omkhulu isamba - 2184 lbs. Wena ukuqonda ukubaluleka kulo msebenzi, sisuke uqaphele ukuthi kuphela isithombe ekhona igalari umdwebi omkhulu Della Francesca u aluthola ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi 241 amakhilogremu.

Iqoqo ebaluleke kakhulu Museum ubuye Netherlands School. Siqukethe imidwebo ezine Yana Van Eyck. Kunoma Museum emhlabeni akukho ingcebo enjalo. Inani main - ke ingenye kufike komkhulu imidwebo yakhe - isithombe Arnolfini. Lapha ungakwazi bajwayelane umsebenzi Memling, Kampen, uKristu, Bosca, van der Weyden, izikhathi zokudakwa nezinye izinkanyezi yokudweba lase. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzobona imidwebo ngu Rubens, Brueghel, Rembrandt, van Dyck.

Musa zungeza ukuba bawanake umsebenzi Vermeer of Delft - umdwebi Dutch kwekhulu XVI. UMnyuziyamu waseBrithani unekhophi ezimbili imisebenzi yakhe. It is, kholwa kimi, okuningi. Oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke abaculi Dutch, Vermeer, uyasala imisebenzi embalwa ukuze basezweni konke akhawunti ekhethekile. Ngisho eziyisithupha kuphela imidwebo yakhe kungabonwa eHolland lwakubo.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kabanzi Museum izici imisebenzi Spanish abadumile - Murillo, El Greco, Ribera, Goya, Zurbaran. Ukudala umdwebi omkhulu kunabo bonke e-Spain Diego Velaskesa emelelwa imidwebo eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona omunye edume kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe - ". Venus phambi kwesibuko"

iqoqo German zemibukiso akuzona njengoba ebanzi. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi ka-amakhosi ezinkulu ezifana Cranach, Altdorfer, Holbein, Durer, Poussin, Watteau, etholakala Museum.