Izikhangibavakashi United Kingdom: London Bridge

Inhloko-dolobha ye-UK idume zalo ezikhangayo ezimangalisayo kungenziwa kunemibandela leyabantu amaqembu: izigodlo, amasonto, amapaki, iminyuziyamu, zemibukiso, amabhuloho. Zonke Izikhangibavakashi London akunakwenzeka ukumboza kwelinye sihloko, ngakho likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe umlando ukwakhiwa engavamile eyodwa kuphela.

London Bridge - yigama isakhiwo esithile, okuyinto uxhuma ibhange kwesokudla iThames City, yamabhizinisi yedolobha. Kuleli qophelo, siye njalo wema amabhuloho eyaqala ekusungulweni London. Bona ngokulandelana alternated lapho sekusondele ukubhujiswa. Iqiniso lokuthi e-London Bridge ngokuvamile kwakudingeka kabusha kubonakala owaziwa nursery nemvumelwano London ibhuloho eliwile, lapho kuhlongozwa ukuba ayokwakha kabusha isitini, insimbi, ivesi lokugcina - egolide. Lesi sakhiwo ngempela uzimisele kabusha usebenzisa noma iyiphi, ngisho izinto ezibiza kakhulu, ngoba kwaba owela kuphela elinqamula uMfula iThames ezithokomele emzini aze 1750.

Ibhuloho lokuqala elakhiwa ngamaRoma ngo maphakathi ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD. Kwaba sokhuni, ngakho ngokuvamile abhidlizwa ngesikhathi izimpi, iziphepho kanye imililo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1014-ke phansi ngokuphelele abahlaseli Danish e 1091 ladilizwa isivunguvungu, futhi waba 1281 - libhujiswa ice. I ngomlilo ezikhunini, wazindulula aye "afa" e 1136, 1212 no-1633, ngokulandelana. Khona-ke eLondon uthwebule sithuthukiswe zokugwema umlilo, ngakho kule ill-fated 1666 umlilo ozokugiriza yesithathu leli bhuloho.

Kusukela iLondon Bridge yayithonywe kakhulu bakhiwe nabo izindlu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba ithuba eliyingqayizivele asuka kwelinye ibhange komunye, ukunyakaza ku kwakushuba futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kangaka. Ngisho baqala ukuvela isiminyaminya. Futhi ukuthi ngekhulu le-18! Ngakho-ke, umthetho wakhishwa 1722, okuvumela kuphela sobunxele drive ngaphesheya kwebhuloho. Empeleni, kwaba lesi sinqumo, kwasho ukuqala okwandile sobunxele kwezimoto emigwaqeni yaseBrithani. Indlu lapho kangaka siyabhubha ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile ngaphesheya kwebhuloho, ezidiliziwe e 1760 ngokuphelele.

ILondon Bridge, ngaphezu inhloso ukusebenza, odlale indima zezombusazwe futhi ongokomfanekiso ebalulekile empilweni yenhloko-dolobha. Kusukela 14 kuya 17. South Gate bakhe behlelwe amakhanda zezigebengu futhi amambuka. Ikakhulukazi, isiphetho uThomas More U-Oliver Cromwell, noWilliam Wallace, Dzhona Fishera.

Kukhona ezakhiwa ebulalayo yemicimbi wezwe ngomlando, njengezincwadi kuba ngale ndlela kwaba kaCharles II, lapho efika e-London ukubuya uyise esihlalweni sobukhosi 1660, ngesikhathi ukubuyiselwa uStuart lwamakhosi.

Old London Bridge futhi yaba nethonya umlingisi isiyonke isakhiwo emzini: kwekulu inani izindlu ezakhiwa eduze ngokushesha kwaleli bhuloho, ngebhange enyakatho iThames. Futhi ugu oluseningizimu lwalwakheka ngokuncane obukhulu, izindawo bahlakazeka khona ngesimo fan ngomfula futhi Southwark.

I penultimate isakhiwo ibhuloho lakhiwa azungeze 1830. Kwakuyisikhathi itshe, pyatiarochnoy futhi wakhonza ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, kodwa baqala ukuhlala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngo-1967 wanquma ukwakha ibhuloho elisha, i-London Bridge ubudala akuyona ukuthi lowo muntu adilize, kodwa ukuthengisa. Labo abafisa ukuthenga ke wathola ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu "iyona kwakudala omkhulu emhlabeni" yathengwa yaseMelika uwoyela magnate Robert McCulloch for $ 2.5 million. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu lapho adiliza ngokucophelela, olunezinombolo futhi igcwele itshe ngalinye, ukuthumela e-United States. Kukhona Isakhiwo eqoqwe ngokucophelela, futhi manje sekuyinto ladonsa Leyk Havasu Lidolobhakati ekhatsi Arizona, edonsa izivakashi eziningi.

New London Bridge lakhiwa iminyaka embalwa nje. Wakhe emisa koroleva Elizaveta II ngo-1973. Ngosuku lokuqala ngemva kokuba sekudlule abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-90. Ibhuloho wenziwe insimbi nokhonkolo kanye nomklamo walo okubukeka ngayo linesizotha kunazo zonke izakhiwo efanayo yenhloko-dolobha. It akanayo ubucwebe, kodwa onokwethenjelwa futhi eliphezulu kakhulu umthamo sibonga imizila emithathu ohlangothini ngalunye. Imizila kuso elanele futhi ukhululekile ukuhamba ngezinyawo, futhi ebusika sebefudumele okwengeziwe amakhaza akusona isithiyo ukubona indawo kule site emangalisayo mlando.