Ubudlelwane Modern yemali

Njengoba kwembulunga yonke futhi amazwe komnotho womhlaba ezikhulayo notshwala international kwezimpahla, inhloko-dolobha, amasevisi kanye loans. ubudlelwane lwemali - ukuxhumana nomphakathi ezihambisana ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ehlobene ukusebenza lwemali ku inter-state ngempahla, amasevisi nolwazi.

izifundo zabo yilezi:

1. izakhamizi:

• abantu ngokomzimba (izakhamuzi Russian Federation);
• izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe futhi abantu ngaphandle yisakhamuzi enihlala unomphela Russian Federation semvume yokuhlala;
• izinhlangano ezingokomthetho esungulwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho kazwelonke;
• amagatsha, amahhovisi omele nezinye izinhlangano umhlali ngaphandle Russian Federation;
• Amahhovisi ezimela, ohambweni zokubonisana Russia phesheya;
• I Russian Federation, izikhonzi zawo kanye nomasipala.

1. Non-izakhamizi:

• abantu-non-izakhamizi ngokomzimba;
• izinhlangano ezingokomthetho engaphandle Russian Federation;
• accredited e Russian umsebenzi zokubonisana kanye consulates ithi angaphandle;
• izinhlangano ezingesiyo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho engaphandle Russian Federation;
• izinhlangano phakathi kohulumeni kanye kwemibuso futhi ukumelwa kwabo;
• amagatsha, amahhovisi omele nezinye amayunithi kwesakhiwo non-izakhamizi ise Russian Federation.

ubudlelwane lwemali - okokuqala kuyingxenye enzima kakhulu amaqiniso kwemibuso zezimali. Ziyakwazi ngesisekelo nokusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni. Lwemali njenge okulingana jikelele abathintekayo in exchange of izimpahla kanye dolobha.

Zonke nokobana akhiwa ubudlelwane exchange angaphandle ibe uhlelo olulodwa. Kuyinto oluthile olukhethekile yenhlangano yezokuxhumana e endaweni lwemali exchange rate fixed ngumthetho. Ngokuqondene nalokhu kukhona izinhlobo eziningana izinhlelo ezifana emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba:

1. Izwe uhlelo yemali. Ifomu yenhlangano balo nokusakazwa kwalo lwemali kazwelonke embulungeni yonke. Kulezi zici, akukho olulodwa emhlabeni lwemali ejwayelekile.
2. National. Yena uzimisele, njengoba ezosebenza okulingana imali ngaphakathi ezweni elifanayo, ungubani uzobe kukhiqizwa futsi abhekwe ngalokufanele.
3. Regional. Lena isici esisha ohlelweni jikelele, okuyinto ukuhlobana kazwelonke kanye global. Kukhona imithetho lwemali endaweni ethize ivame ukusebenzisa olulodwa lwemali. (Isibonelo: CIS).

Namuhla, uhlelo yemali ngamazwe libhekene mncintiswano Euro ne-US dollar. izibalo Basic ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenziwe esikhathini esidlule, futhi babeka imithetho convertibility yezinye zezimali. Nokho, i-euro ngempela ngokuqiniseka esondela ukuba babe okulingana entsha International Settlements.

Manje emakethe kukhona imidanti nemikhawulo, kanye zifane izinhlobo isiphetho international level wavunyelwa ngokomthetho lwemali ukuhweba nokunye. D.

nethonya elikhulu ubudlelwane zezimali kanye lwemali ngezinga lomhlaba inikezwa ngokuholela amazwe athuthukile (ikakhulukazi "eziyisishiyagalombili"), wenza njengoba abalingani kanye nezimbangi. Okusanda lapho has ukuqiniswa kwaba kanye namazwe athuthukayo kule ndawo.