Iyini i-Charter Atlantic? Ukusayina kwe-Charter Atlantic kanye nemiphumela yayo emlandweni

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iSoviet Union yaqhubekela phambili uhlelo olwenzelwe ukulwa ne-fascism. Ihlangene ne-USSR amandla okuqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, iNgilandi ne-United States ayifuni ukucacisa izinqubomgomo zabo, kulokhu kuxhumano babesezikhundleni zokugcina emibangweni yokubamba iqhaza kwimicimbi. Ohulumeni bala mazwe banqume ukulungisa lesi simo.

Ukusayina kwe-Charter Atlantic

Ngonyaka wokuqala wempi, abaholi bakarhulumende be-United States abangewona abanobudlova kanye nabahlanganyeli eNgilandi bahlangana ukuze baxoxe futhi bamemezele imigomo yempi. Indawo yokuhlangana kwabo kwakuyi-war of the Prince of Wales. Waletha uWinston Churchill e-Argentia Bay, lapho ehlangana noRoosevelt.

Iyini i-Charter Atlantic? Le dokhumenti yayiyisitatimende esihlangene sabaholi bamazwe amabili. Yanyatheliswa ngo-Agasti 14, 1941. Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, ngo-Agasti 24, iSoviet Union yamjoyina.

Imisebenzi emikhulu

I-Atlantic Charter ka-1941 kwakuwukucacisa ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwezwe ngemuva kokuthi ama-Allies anqobe impi. Ingxoxo yayibanjwe, naphezu kokuthi ama-US ngaleso sikhathi empini awazange ahlanganyele. I-Atlantic Charter yaba yisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwe-UN, kanye nokubunjwa kwezwe lomnotho nezombangazwe.

Isakhiwo sedokhumenti

I-Atlantic Charter ka-1941 yayihlanganisa izinto ezinjalo:

• Ukuxazulula izingxabano zendawo ngokuhambisana nombono wabantu.
• Ukunciphisa izithiyo zokuhweba.
• Azikho izimangalo zendawo ezivela e-UK naseMelika.
• Ilungelo labantu abakhona emhlabeni ukuzikhethela.
• Ukukhululwa kokwesaba nezidingo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalakahle emhlabeni kanye nokubambisana komnotho.
• Inkululeko yamaLwandle.
• Ukungabikho kwempi ngemuva kokulwa kwempi yamazwe ahlukumezekile nokunciphisa ngokugcwele amandla empi emhlabeni jikelele.

Into ekusebenzisaneni komnotho kanye nentuthuko yenhlalakahle yomhlaba yaphakanyiswa kuRoosevelt noChurchill eLondon ngoJohn Gilbert Wainant, abangazange bahlanganyele emhlanganweni.

Ukwamukelwa kwemibandela yamanye amazwe

Umhlangano olandelayo wenziwa ngo-1941, ngo-September 24. Indawo yenkomfa yayiyiLondon. Abamele ubuholi bezinye izinhlangano bavumelana nemigomo eboniswe kwi-Atlantic Charter. Ngokuyinhloko, iBelgium, iGrisi, iCzechoslovakia, iNetherlands, i-Luxembourg, iYugoslavia, i-USSR, i-"Free France", i-Poland, iNorway yajoyina lo mbhalo.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo

I-Atlantic Charter ka-1941 ibonise isiqondiso esiyinhloko senqubomgomo yase-US neBrithani. Ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zedokhumenti, njengoba abamele ohulumeni bala mazwe bezwakalisa, basekela ithemba labo ngekusasa elingcono emhlabeni wonke. UChurchill noRovelvelt babike ukuthi amazwe abo awafisi ukufisa amasimu amasha. Baphinde baveze ukungavumelani nezinguquko zendawo eziphikisana nezifiso ezivezwe ngokukhululekile zabantu abathintekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaholi baphawula ukuthi babonisa inhlonipho ngelungelo lalawo amanye amazwe ukuba bakhethe uhlobo lwabo lukahulumeni.

UChurchill noRoosevelt bakhuthaza amathuba alinganayo kuwo wonke amazwe ezindabeni zokungeniswa kwezohwebo, kanye nemithombo ebonakalayo yokuthula. Ukusebenzisana kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kwabameleli bakahulumeni, bekufanele kuhloswe ukuqinisekiswa kubo bonke izinga eliphezulu lokuphila.

Izimpawu zedokhumenti

I-Atlantic Charter yayiyintando yeningi ngempela. Izimiso zalo zihambisana nomoya wezikhathi, kuboniswa uhlamvu lokukhululeka kwemisebenzi yezempi. Ukumenyezelwa kwedokhumenti kwakungaleso sikhathi okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetjenziswa kweemigomo kuncike ekutjho i-Atlantic Charter nguhulumeni we-United States neBrithani. Izinyathelo ezingokoqobo ezilindeleke ukuthi ubuholi bamazwe buzoyithatha ukuze kusetshenziswe wonke amaphuzu nakho kwabaluleka. Ngokuvamile, i-Charter Atlantic iyinkinga phakathi kwemibono yemibuthano ebusayo yaseBrithani nase-United States. Okuvezwe kakhulu kulo mbhalo kwakuyisimo sokubukwa kweMelika.

Ukuphakanyiswa kwesimo sokuthunyelwa kwesikhathi sempi

Abamele ohulumeni baseNgilandi nase-United States abazange bacabangele i-USSR nhlobo. Babekholelwa ukuthi ngemva kwempi iSoviet Union yayiyobuthakathaka kakhulu. Lapho ekhuluma, uChurchill noRovelvelt babecabanga ngezwe lamaNgisi namaMelika. Ummeleli wase-United States ukholelwa ukuthi isisekelo senhlangano yezwe yangemva kwempi ayinakusho kuze kube yilapho amabutho ase-United States naseBrithani enza umsebenzi othile.

Izigaba ze-Charter Atlantic, ngokuphathelene nenkululeko yolwandle namathuba afanayo kubo bonke abantu, zifanekisela ukwandiswa kwempi kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neNgilandi. UChurchill waphawula lokhu. Ukuqeda izimo ezinjalo, wenza umzamo wokukhipha lezi zinto esivumelwaneni. Nokho, akazange aphumelele kulokhu. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwengqungquthela, ezitatimendeni zakhe zomphakathi, uChurchill wabonisa umbono wokuthi i-Atlantic Charter ayibhekisisani nokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwe-UK.

Ubudlelwane neSoviet Union

Zombili izinhlangothi zavuma ukuthi kuzinhloso ze-United States neBrithani ukunikeza usizo ku-USSR ngezikhali nemishini. Amakhosi aseBritain aseBrithani, njengoChurchill ngokwakhe, ayephikisana nokusetshenziswa kwezingxabano zabo ezinkulu ezihlomile. Babekholelwa ukuthi umuntu angazihlanganisa ngokuphelele nolwandle nempi yempi, ukuqinisa ukuvinjelwa nokugcinwa kwemfihlo ukuze kuhlomise amabutho okuphikisa endaweni yaseYurophu.

Naphezu kokuthi izikhulu zabasebenzi baseMelika zizama ukugwema ukuveza imibono yazo ngezinkinga eziqakathekileko, umgogodla wezombangazwe owawunikelwa ngabaholi baseBrithani wahlangana nomgomo owahlanganisa i-United States ne-England ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Lo msebenzi kwakuwukuqhuba imisebenzi yezempi ngokumelene neJalimane, ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa "kwezandla zangaphandle", efuna ngenkathi izimpi zibuthaka ukuphikisana kwabaphikisi.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe lezi zinhlelo, ukuphakama okukhulu kwezimpi ezibhekene neSoviet-German kwakudingeka, ngoba kwakukhona kulo mkhakha ukuthi amandla amakhulu amaJalimane ayegxila. Ngenxa yokuthi iNgilandi neMelika imele i-USSR ngemva kokuba impi ibuthakathaka futhi ishaywe yi-state, zithatha isidingo sokusiza ngezinto ezilandelayo ezweni. Ngenxa yalokho, abameleli bobuholi base-United States naseBrithani banikeza umhlangano wesithathu eMoscow kuhulumeni waseSoviet Union. Ubuholi baseSoviet bavumelana.

Ukuvumelanisa kwe-USSR

Ngenkomfa yezinyunyana, eyabanjwa ngo-September 24, 1941 eLondon, uMengameli waseSoviet uMeyikky wakhipha isimemezelo sokufakwa kweSoviet Union kulo mqulu. Lesi sivumelwano sibonise ukuthi ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwemigomo yombhalo kuzokwenziwa ngokucacile ngezimo, izici zomlando, izidingo zombuso othize. Isimemezelo soSoviet sichaza ngokucacile izinkinga abadwebi bezinguqulo zokuqala abaye zadlula. Ikakhulukazi, uhulumeni wase-USSR unqume izinhloso nemvelo yempi.

Kuzo zonke izifundazwe kanye nabantu, umsebenzi oyinhloko wabekwa: ukuqondisa wonke amandla ayo kanye nezindlela zokunqotshwa kwabaningi. Ngokuqondene nenkathi yokuthunyelwa kwempi, ubuholi baseSoviet bavikela ilungelo labo bonke abantu ekuziphenduleleni kwendawo kanye nokuzimela kombuso, ngokucacile beveza ukungavumelani nenqubomgomo yekoloni yamazwe angama-imperialist.