I-Politics of War Communism: Ngokufushane ngezizathu, inqubekela phambili kanye nemiphumela

Ukuze uthathe umthwalo wokuqonda ukuthi iyiphi inqubomgomo yobuKhomanisi bezempi, ukucabangela kafushane imizwelo yomphakathi phakathi neminyaka eyinkimbinkimbi yeMpi Yombango, kanye nesikhundla seBolshevik Party ngalesi sikhathi ( Ukubamba iqhaza empi nasenkambeni kahulumeni).

1917-1921 kwaba yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lakithi. Lezo ziyizimpi ezigazini ezinhlangothini eziningi eziphikisanayo kanye nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu sezwe

Inqubomgomo yempi yamaKhomanisi: ngokufishane ngesimo se-CPSU (b)

Kulesi sikhathi esinzima, ezingxenyeni eziningi zombuso wangaphambili, ngenxa yezicucu eziningi zamazwe alo, abaningi abaphikisana nabo balwa. Ibutho laseJalimane; Amandla kazwelonke asekhaya azama ukwakha amazwe awo ngeziqephu zombuso (isibonelo, ukwakheka kwe-UPR); Izinhlangano zabantu basekhaya, ezazilawulwa iziphathimandla zesifunda; AmaPoles, ahlasela insimu yase-Ukraine ngo-1919; Abaqaphi be-White Guard; Amabutho ahlangene we-Entente; Futhi, ekugcineni, amayunithi eBolshevik. Kulezi zimo, imfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu yokunqoba kwakuwukugxila okugcwele kwamandla kanye nokugqugquzela zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo zokunqotshwa kwezempi kubo bonke abaphikisi. Empeleni, lokhu ukugqugquzela ingxenye yamaKhomanisi kwakuyi-communistism yezempi, eyenziwa yi-CPSU (b) kusukela ezinyangeni zokuqala zika-1918 kuya ku-March 1921.

I-Politics of War UbuKhomanisi: Ngokufingqiwe Ngokwemvelo Kahulumeni

Ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwayo, le nqubomgomo iye yabangela ukuhlolwa okuningi okuphikisanayo. Amaphuzu alo amakhulu kwakuyizinyathelo ezinjalo:

- Ukwenza isizwe sonke isiyinkimbinkimbi semiboni kanye nesistimu yebhange yezwe;

- ukuzithoba kombuso wokuhweba ngaphandle;

- Imisebenzi yokuphoqelela abasebenzi bonke abantu, abakwazi ukusebenza;

- ukucindezela ukudla. Yileli phuzu elaba yilabo abazondwa kakhulu ngabalimi, njengokuqothulwa kokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okwenziwe ukuze kuzuze amasosha kanye nedolobha elilambile. I-surplus-appropriation isabonakaliswa njengesibonelo sobuhlungu beBolsheviks, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngosizo lwazo izinkinga zokudla zabasebenzi emadolobheni zazikhishwe kakhulu.

Izombangazwe zeMpi yamaKhomanisi: Ngokufutshane mayelana nokusabela kwabantu

Ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, ubukhomanisi bezempi kwakuyindlela enamandla yokuphoqelela abantu ukuba bandise umsebenzi wabo ukuze banqobe amaBolsheviks. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ingxenye eyinhloko yokungavumi kweRussia - abalimi bezwe ngaleso sikhathi - kubangelwa ukwedlula imali. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobulungiswa, kufanele kuthiwe indlela efanayo yayisetshenziswa ngabalindi abaMhlophe. Lokhu kwavela ngokwemvelo kusukela esimweni sezindaba ezweni, njengoba iZwe Lokuqala Nezimbangi Zomphakathi zabhubhisa ngokuphelele ukuhwebelana kwendabuko phakathi komuzi nomuzi. Lokhu kwaholela esimweni esidabukisayo kwamabhizinisi amaningi ezimboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungavumelani nenqubomgomo yempi yamaKhomanisi emadolobheni. Lapha, esikhundleni sokwenyuka okulindelekile emkhiqizweni wezabasebenzi kanye nokuvuselela umnotho, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuye kwaba khona ukwehluleka kwesiyalo emabhizinisini. Ukushintshwa kwamafomu amadala kanye nalabo abasha (ababengamaKhomanisi, kepha hhayi njalo abaphathi abanamakhono) kwaholela ekunciphiseni okubonakalayo embonini nokwehla kokusebenza komnotho.

Imiphumela yeMpi Yombango: ngokufishane mayelana nokuyinhloko

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga, inqubomgomo yokuxhumana kombutho wezempi yabusa indima yayo. Nakuba kungapheli ngaso sonke isikhathi, amaBolshevik akwazi ukuqoqa yonke impi ngokumelene ne-counter-revolution bese evuka empini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaholela izinkulumo ezidumile futhi kwaqeda kakhulu igunya le-CPSU (B.) Phakathi kwabalimi bezwe. Ukugcina ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kwakuyiKronstadt, eyenzeka entwasahlobo ka-1921. Ngenxa yalokho, uLenin waqala ukushintshela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi iNew Economic Policy. I-NEP ngo- 1921 yasiza ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokubuyisela umnotho kazwelonke.