Ukukhanyiselwa - imibono eyashintsha umhlaba.

Ukukhanyiselwa - sokuthuthwa kwempahla impilo bokusungula isintu, ukuvela imibono emisha, ifilosofi entsha igxile ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kokuphila futhi ubuntu umuntu ngamunye kanye nokubhekelelwa kwengqondo yomuntu ukubaluleka main. Ngokusho amazwi sefilosofi omkhulu German U-Immanuel Kant, "Ukukhanyiselwa - kuyinto ukuvela umuntu axoshwa yiqembu elincane, lapho kwaba amaphutha abo siqu."

Ukukhanyiselwa - ifilosofi kanye Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo imfundiso.

Kwase kubekwe isisekelo ngenkathi okutholakele womhlaba, lapho umbono womuntu, sekukhona nje kusukela Yobumnyama waqala ngokushesha ukwandisa. okutholakele Geographical, ezweni elisha, ukunwetshwa ukuhweba - bonke baba neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isayensi, isiko kanye kwandzisa ngemibono yefilosofi. yobudala abantu Advanced zazingeke zisaba okuqukethwe ngemibhedesho zenkolo, izinkolelo zakhe nefilosofi lasendulo. entsha isikhathi isayensi - kokutholakala uCopernicus, Newton nabanye wadala lombhalo elisha labantu abanombono ekhethekile, ngaphandle jikelele. Ngo zemidwebo zomhlaba yindawo kwakuhlezi welithi "umthetho wemvelo", "reason", "uhlobo". Umhlaba limelela uhlobo eziseqophelweni ephelele izingqondo indlela kanye ezinamafutha akahle kanye namasistimu okusebenza ngokunemba ne mthetho othile ngempela. Indima kaNkulunkulu kwehliselwe kuphela "Ngaphezu kwakho koke," Yena wavuma azange aphike amandla necebo oda izinto, kodwa hhayi ngqo ukugxambukela empilweni. Le mfundiso, liye labizwa ngokuthi "deism" futhi bemthanda zefilosofi 17-18 leminyaka.

Umphakathi wesintu kubhekwa kuphela isifaniselo ezincane zemvelo. Zefilosofi Yokukhanyiselwa - uVoltaire, Diderot, uRousseau Locke, Lomonosov nabanye babekholelwa ukuthi kuphela kudingeka "thola" leyo mithetho yemvelo phezu kwayo emphakathini wesintu, futhi ngibenze esibophezelayo. Amemezela ilungelo engokwemvelo inkululeko of inkolelo, unembeza kukhethwa umsebenzi, isithunzi somuntu, ukulingana amakilasi. kwadingeka ukuba esekelwe inkontileka zemvelo phakathi kwabo kokuthi ngumuphi kuyokwehlisa ababusi kakhulu despotic Ubudlelwane phakathi nababusi nabantu. Le ndlela iye yaba wamavukelambuso ngempela - ukuba lo mbuso yenkosi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngalokhu, futhi umbusi, amaHubo bugcizelelwa nayiziphathimandla zesonto eliphakeme elalibhekwa njengelinye omelele uNkulunkulu emhlabeni. Yingakho izazi zefilosofi kakhulu ziqondiswe imiyalezo yabo, ikakhulukazi mithi.

nefilosofi Ukukhanyiselwa waphakamisela wagxeka ke-ukuphila - angenamkhawulo emandleni obukhosi, amalangabi omlilo Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, lapho ukubusa ibandla, isikhundla ungowosizi, engenamandla ekilasini lesithathu nabantu abasebenza - konke lokhu wawubonakala ungacacisi kubo into zasendle esidlule. Bamafilosofi baye babonisa ukuthi abantu bonke lokhu kuyizithelo sokungalandeli umthetho ne mithi imisebenzi yabo maqondana kwezihloko nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla. Basuke ahlinzekwa njengesibonelo ukulandela "nkosi ukukhanyiselwa" ababeyobusa isimo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho wemvelo.

Abaningi abaholi Ukukhanyiselwa wazibonela ukushushiswa izikhulu zesonto lokhu, futhi imisebenzi yabo ashiswa, abangu ngaphansi ukucwaninga ezinzima, abalobi ngokuvamile abazi ukuthi bazakuhamba yini uvuke kusasa futhi siphile njengabantu abakhululekile. Ngakho, enye izimpawu zokuqala Yokukhanyiselwa - I-Encyclopedia of Diderot eFrance okwakwenqatshelwe ukuphrinta, futhi umlobi waphoqeleka ukufuna ukukhanyiselwa abashisekeli ocebile. Nokho, ushushiso abayekanga zefilosofi futhi abalobi. Ukukhanyiselwa kwaba kuzalwa kwenkathi entsha, ukubonisa abantu isibonelo esihle ukulandela kanye nendlela eya phambili.

The Age of Ukukhanyiselwa waletha omunye imali acebe isiko yesimanje, abaningi zezinkolelo zalo kwakheka isisekelo umthetho yesimanje e-Europe, i-UN nezimemezelo global kanye namanye amadokhumenti.