Kwenza ifilosofi njengoba nje ebamba isisu yezwe webumbacambili

Igama elithi "kwenza" lisuselwa egameni lesi Latin "injongo ekabili,". Le mfundiso liqukethe umqondo wokuthi kukhona isiqalo ezimbili ezihlukene emhlabeni. webumbacambili lwabo lubonakala ku yezinto (impahla) kanye incarnations ezingokomoya. Lo mqondo ifilosofi owaziwa kusukela Zaratrusty (628-551 BC) abahlanganyela okuhle nokubi, ngezigaba ezimbili ezehlukene.

Ngo yamaGreki asendulo kuyifilosofi kaPlato sika nomqondo webumbacambili of emzimbeni nasemphefumulweni (okubizwa ngokuthi kwenza anthropological), futhi eqala ukuba khona kwenza Cosmological owawusekelwe imibono nezinto ezidaliwe. nefilosofi Lasendulo wathonywa Iran, kuqala akhiwa Zarathustra. Wathi ukuba khona izwe lapho okuhle futhi elikhanyayo unkulunkulu bashukwa okubi futhi udangele ngoba mkhulu phezu yonke futhi imiphefumulo yabantu.

Lokhu kwenza ifilosofi lasendulo uye savela kakhulu wazwakalisa zokuziphatha, idluliselwe ngokuya ihogela umoya futhi lutho, okuyinto ke (e Ubu), abaluleke kakhulu futhi umzimba, futhi ngenxa yalokho izwe lihlotshaniswa ekuqaleni okubi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya (umphefumulo kanye "Mina" zalo ezihlanzekile) kukhona isiqalo ehlanzekile elikhanyayo. Ezinkolweni eziningi kanye nezindawo yefilosofi kwenza abantu isakhiwa futhi ehlanganiswe isifundiso nomphefumulo nomzimba kaNkulunkulu kanye devil.

Philosophy ubuKristu ebhubhisa "isitebhisi wothando nobuhle" kaPlato, lapho ukuphelela imibono ku Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke umelana emhlabeni lokufanayo, le wadala abangaphelele. EbuKristwini, webumbacambili womuntu - kuyinto ukungavumelani eyisisekelo elimbaxambili futhi uzwakalise ukuphikisana ezonweni futhi izimfanelo ezinhle ngokucacile kakhulu uzwakalise emibhalweni Spinoza. Kwenza e ifilosofi East akwamukeleki, njengoba namasiko alo ehilela ekuqondisisaneni kanye nokuxhumana phakathi umphefumulo nomzimba, khona elithi "yin" ne- "yang" kunoma iyiphi simo, kokubili ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya.

Njengoba nomqondo kwenza ifilosofi kwesikhathi kamuva yasungulwa ngu Descartes, owambiza ngokuthi nomele elikhanyayo. Descartes wazalwa eFrance ngo 1596 ngo-March 31.

Life nemfundo Descartes iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili esenzeka ongumJesuit esikoleni, lapho ithola ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngokuqhubeka imfundo yabo e-Netherlands. Kube Ima ngokuphelele indlela ukufunda izibalo, ifilosofi nemfundiso physics, izitho zomzimba, nasekufundeni izinkanyezi. ENetherlands, aphume umshikashika wakhe, okuye ngibe usaziwayo. Udumo enkulu itholakala emva kokushicilelwa "Inkulumo ku Indlela". Sebenza incwadi nokushicilela kunzima hit Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, ngaleyo ndlela nokuguqula igama le Descartes nokuchibiyela umbhalo.

Emhlabeni ncwadi kanye kukhona mpikiswano eshubile, kukhona ukukhathazeka kancane Descartes, kudingeka okungaphezu kokubona ukusabela we Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, muva nje ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ngekhulu le-17 nele-18 ashisiwe J. Bruno, uGalileo, walahla futhi zidabukile ulimi sefilosofi Vanini, okuyinto ke futhi washiswa. Ngemva kwalokho, imisebenzi Descartes abangu eqashelwayo eFrance njengoba zezihlubuki futhi wagwetshelwa ashiswe. Descartes kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe eHolland. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-54, naye wabulawa i-pneumonia, imikhuhlane, eSwitzerland, lapho waphoqwa ukuba ahambe phezu ngesicelo Queen.

Igama elithi "kwenza" ifilosofi lwabuthana imibhalo wesazi sefilosofi German C. Wolff (1679-1749), abese eqala ukuba khona kanye nokuxhumana of the impahla kanye isimiso esingokomoya emhlabeni futhi indoda. Ukubaluleka eliphikisayo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, igama elithi esetshenziswa T. Hyde e 1700, ukusebenzisa lo mqondo ahlanganyele ezinkonzweni ezingokwenkolo. A lisho okufanayo inkolelo yokungafi kwenza wanika P. Bayle futhi Leibniz.

Abalandeli nabameleli kwenza ithuthukiswe ucwaningo lwabo nomqondo ezihambayo endabeni Descartes, kanye nomqondo ubunjalo elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo wezibalo, dialectic futhi geometry zezibalo. imisebenzi yefilosofi Spinoza, Kant, Rickert ifilosofi yesimanje - Rorty nezinye eziningi zefilosofi ancike tincumo nekubeka postulates njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi Cartesian ka kwenza.