Nefilosofi kaPlato.

UPlato iyona enkulu kunazo zonke sefilosofi lasendulo ngesiGreki. uthisha wakhe kwakungu USocrates yena. UPlato - umsunguli we Academy - esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni wefilosofi. Phawula futhi ukuthi kuyinto umsunguli ngamafilosofi idealist.

nefilosofi kaPlato, kafushane ngokuthi ubani akakwazi ukukhuluma, edlale indima enkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale sayensi. Le ndoda yayihlale wayecabangisisa omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi abe umfundisi okwaziyo kukhuthazani abafundi isifiso sokuba nolwazi. Ngokungafani uthisha wakhe, washiya imisebenzi eminingi ebhalwe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo:

- Apology of Socrates;

- Imithetho;

- UMbuso;

- Gorgias;

- Parmelid;

- Feodon.

Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe yalotshwa njengezingoma zohlobo oluthile tinkhulumiswano.

nefilosofi kaPlato

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuyinto umsunguli ukukhohliseka. imfundiso yakhe uyiphupho kukhona imibono elandelayo:

- kwezwe elisizungezile kushintsha njalo. Yena alikho uyinto ehlukile;

- Ungakwazi ngempela kuphela akhona ehlukaniswe nemizimba (net) imibono;

- emhlabeni - akulutho kodwa zibone imibono okumsulwa;

- Imibono emsulwa njalo, engapheli, kuyiqiniso;

- zonke izinto ezikhona abasizungezile ibonisa umbono yasekuqaleni - ukuthi umsulwa.

UPlato ukubeka phambili umbono isifundiso uziqu-zintathu. Ngokusho ke ngesisekelo konke okukhona kusekelwe izinto ezintathu: olulodwa, ingqondo, umphefumulo.

Omunye kulokhu ngesisekelo zonke ekuphileni, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa nanoma izici ezivamile. Okusho ukuthi, kuyifilosofi kaPlato, uthi olulodwa kuyisisekelo yonke imibono okumsulwa. Omunye into.

Kusukela engqondweni kungenzeki olulodwa. Akafuni kuphela ahlukaniswe kusuka ezivamile, kodwa okuphambene layo. Uyinto we okushiwo zonke izinto, isiphetho wabo bonke abaphilayo.

Umphefumulo, kulesi simo, kuba into ephathekayo, ukuxhumanisa imiqondo ezifana "eyodwa - lutho," kanye "ingqondo - bukhoma". ke uyobopha ngokuphelele zonke izinto kanye izenzakalo ezweni lethu. Umphefumulo emhlabeni kanye ngabanye. Ingase futhi unezinto. Umphefumulo izinto nezidalwa eziphilayo - isiqeshana umphefumulo emhlabeni. Ziyakwazi awufi kanye nokufa lasemhlabeni - kungcono nje izaba lapho kwemukelwa khona igobolondo entsha. Ukushintsha igobolondo ngokomzimba kunqunywa imithetho yemvelo yendawo ezungezile.

nefilosofi kaPlato ngokuvamile ithinta ithiyori yolwazi - okungukuthi, epistemology. UPlato wagomela ukuthi imibono okumsulwa kufanele zibe isihloko ulwazi ngenxa yokuthi kulomhlaba yonke into kodwa iyisibonakaliso kubo.

nefilosofi kaPlato ngokuvamile kakhulu ethinta izinkinga isimo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibuzo efanayo amandulela neze wathinta. Ngokusho uPlato, kukhona eziyisikhombisa izinhlobo isimo:

- ohlanga. Kusekelwe amandla okulinganayo umuntu oyedwa;

- kobushiqela. I efanayo yokubusa kwamakhosi, kodwa ngegunya engalungile;

- ebukhosini. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso umthetho kwelizinga iqembu labantu;

- oligarchy. Lapho amandla kungokwalabo iqembu labantu ababusa ngendlela engenabulungisa;

- uhulumeni wentando yeningi. Lapha, i-dlakathi fanele kuze iningi, okuyinto umthetho yobulungisa;

- timocracy. kubusa okungenabulungisa kweningi.

Kuyifilosofi kaPlato kuletha uhlobo uhlelo isakhiwo isimo. Kuleli zinga, bonke abantu zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu ezibanzi: abasebenzi, ama-philosophers, kanye amaqhawe. Wonke umuntu kumele enze into ethile. Ekucubunguleni le nkinga, uPlato ezibuza ukuthi kazi yangasese.

KaPlato no-Aristotle

Kuyifilosofi kaPlato no-Aristotle, kuningi ezifana ngakho. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba eyesibili uthisha kuqala. Aristotle wagxeka uPlato imibono yakhe okumsulwa, ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi izwe kushintsha njalo - cabanga lutho kungenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo izinguquko eziye zaba khona emhlabeni. Ngokusho-Aristotle, kukhona kuphela izinto ezithile eziqondile nokufana ngabanye, nemibono okumsulwa empeleni akwenzeki futhi kwakungenangqondo.