Abantu eGrisi lasendulo: yencazelo, indawo, igunya

V leminyaka BC. e. Wangena umlando eGrisi lasendulo ngaphansi kwegama "igolide". Lezi yizinsuku ezivelele sokubusa ngentando yeningi - uhulumeni wabantu, ukusebenza ngokusebenzisa eliyifa lwemihlangano yeningi. Ukuthi okumisa imithetho nababusi akhethwe ahlulele izakhamuzi weRiphabhulikhi. izinkundla Okufanayo bebelokhu zonke izizwe zasendulo. AmaJalimane kwaba Yikhona, e Rus lasendulo - umkhandlu, Turki - Kurultai, eRoma sidilizwa - yesifunda wamaRoma. Yini igama le-People in Ancient Greece, futhi yini empeleni yayo?

abahlanganyeli

Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi imibuthano tribal, okuyizinto lizisho lakhula laba ukuhlangana izakhamuzi, ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyisisekelo zokuphila. izinsuku zabo ukuqala kusukela VI ekhulwini BC. e. Forum ihlangabezana ngezikhawu izikhathi abafika kwabangu-10 ngonyaka, futhi kamuva waba njalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okungenani ezintathu ngenyanga. Ngubani wacelwa ukuba inhlangano ethandwa eGrisi lasendulo? amalungelo Political eyakhe kuphela amadoda. izimo ezimbili: ukuthi kumelwe ukuba kungabantu izakhamuzi khulula, ohlwini lwezizwe ekhethekile, futhi ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Akuvunyelwe izigqila, metics (abavela kwamanye amazwe), abesifazane nezingane.

izibalo lesilinganisiwe mlando zimi kanje: kwabakhileyo ayizinkulungwane 450 Attica e zom nesikhathi amalungelo ezakhamuzi wajabulela 35. Emihlanganweni efanayo kuphela, abangu-nje ezimbalwa. AmaGreki asendulo akazange athobele ikhoramu, kodwa kudingeka senze izinqumo ezibalulekile edingekayo abantu okungenani 6000.

Impumelelo eyinhloko intando yeningi kwaba ukuntuleka ikhwalifikheshini impahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekupheleni le "yokuchuma" kubahlanganyeli umhlangano kazwelonke akhokhe imadlana. Lokhu kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abalimi, abahwebi amancane artisan ayengakwazi ukuphula kude umsebenzi ngaphandle ukulimala uqobo. On the forum main beyohlanganyela kokubili izakhamuzi yizicukuthwane nezicebile okunethezeka Gimatov futhi abalimi abampofu e-chlamydia, wazizwa izigqoko nezinduku ezandleni zabo.

Indawo of the People in Ancient Greece

Kukhona izindawo ezintathu lapho kwakukhona imibuthano ezibaluleke kakhulu e-Athens:

• eqeleni Pnyx, etholakala eduze Acropolis;
• Isigcawu salo, noma esigcawini;
• Piraeus, port Emaphethelweni elincane inhloko-dolobha eGrisi lasendulo.

Umhlangano indawo portages nxazonke intambo obomvu. Izinceku eziqine, ehlome imimese kanye ngeziswebhu, udlale indima amaphoyisa. abalawuli Special sokuhlola Cordon angenayo eqhathaniswa uhlu. Abangakholwa, ngokulandelana kwazo, izigqila ezaziphoqwa opheshulwayo. Kulona kanye igquma Pnyx efakwe amabhentshi, kodwa abantu abaningi, ithathe izihlalo ezingu yabo emhlabathini, lapho bedla, bephuza emini, ngoba inhlangano ethandwa eGrisi lasendulo waqala ekuseni futhi iphela lapho kuhlwa. Ngokwesiko kwenziwa isiko ukuluchitha onkulunkulu. Ukweqa abapristi phakathi isixuku wabulala izingulube, abese efunda umthandazo, umemezela ekuqaleni iforamu.

imibuzo Key

Usuku nosuku epistat akhethwe. Kwakuwusuku womhlangano, owagcina okhiye endaweni yomcebo nokuphrinta, kwaholela yokwamukela amanxusa. Kwakunzima ukuba abaqokelwe okuthunyelwe kabili. C 510 BC. e. abaphathi bedolobha-wombuso ikhefu phakathi imihlangano eyenziwa "umkhandlu kwamakhulu amahlanu. ' Ngqongqotshe okhethwe eziningi. Kusukela ngamunye izifunda 10 - Fil ubala kwamiswa 50. Yini ezinye izinkinga zidingidwa sikazwelonke zaseGrisi lasendulo?

Phakathi abaluthole ewumgogodla zimi kanje:

• Ukwamukelwa kwemithetho. Phakamisa noma yisiphi isakhamuzi ayengakwenza, kodwa kwaba isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu. Uma, ngesikhathi kokucubungula "umkhandlu phakathi kwamakhulu amahlanu," kwathi ke engqubuzana nomthetho ngaphambili, mlobi bazohlawuliswa.
• Izinqumo ezibalulekile eziphathelene ezempi, kwasayinwa izivumelwano nemifelandawonye ekwakheni. Lezi zinkinga, kwaxoxwa ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwaholela scuffle.
• Imibuzo inyumbazane - wadingiswa iminyaka 10 abantu kusongela republic Athene.
• Isixazululo eziphuthumayo ezibandakanya zinsolo abekwa izikhulu. Kulokhu, isinqumo sokugcina njalo okuhlalayo kube inkantolo.

okusho

Abantu e Greece yasendulo okuthiwa Ecclesia. Amandla Forum kukhona umkhondo ukuthi bahumushe izwi kusuka ngolimi lwesiGreki. Lokhu "elapheke", "iqoqo", kodwa eqinisweni - igunya eyinhloko republic yeningi. Phakathi kwabaholi balo usadlondlobele wayebe kulezi izipikha, ngoba phambi kwabo wema umsebenzi ukukholisa uhole izakhamuzi zase-Athene. Inkosi wangempela ubugagu kwaba Pericles. Mayelana naye uthi, ebekwa abaphikisi kuwo womabili izindwani, wayesalokhu banxenxa abalaleli ukuthi iwine. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sakhe njengoba ukukhokhelwa iye kwetfulwa amahhovisi athile umphakathi ukuthi abantu nabampofu babengathola bakhethwe emagunyeni ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi umthombo wabo oyinhloko wemali.

Kukuyiphi indawo republic oligarchic, kunalobo inhlangano ethandwa eGrisi lasendulo? Ukunqunywa liyaphendula, namanje uhlala omunye imfanelo yamandla. Nakuba akusiyo igunya walo omkhulu. Ukuhlangabezana lokubekela abantu imingcele imikhandlu amabhodi, lapho indima esemqoka kukhala ngu ezicukuthwaneni nezakhamuzi ezicebile. Intando yeningi yangempela yaphela nge ekupheleni "yokuchuma."