Uyini mbuzo ongadinge mpendulo njengoba isibalo wesitayela

Ubuciko inkulumo kuphela Akudingi impahla zokudala ngokurhaba noma ubumba noma itshe noma upende - kuphela ithalente ifa izwi. Uma imemori womuntu igcina konke futhi zonke, ngisho iphepha kwakungeke kudingeke. Kodwa kwabaningi kuba lula ukwakha inqaba zamatshe kuka umusho owodwa, umcabango kanye umuzwa wafting. Yakhelwe ukufundisa ubuciko nesayensi mpendulo lasendulo. Waphelelwa ngamandla igama iqembu temasu ekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi - bokukhuluma izibalo. Uyachaza ukuthi onjalo bokukhuluma umbuzo, nezinye izibalo, kanye babafundise kahle lisetshenziswa enkulumweni. Ngaphambi uthole ukuthi yini ubuza umbuzo ongafuni mpendulo, futhi yini imisebenzi kwakhona, thola onjani inzuzo kukhona bokukhuluma izibalo.

Ingabe labo bokukhuluma izifenqo, okuncike isivinini ngamazwi okunemibandela imvelo dialogical. Lehhungako manani kudalwa ukwephulwa kwezinkambiso ezitatimende logic ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, kusukela kulabo buviyoviyo dialogical ukuthi benza enqubeni inkulumo, kungukuthi eyenzelwe impendulo yangempela noma ukusabela isinyathelo esiwusizo, njengoba kuyinto evamile kuleli "bukhoma" zokuxhumana. Lokhu kuxhumana bukhoma ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yizingxoxo, esebenza ngokuyinhloko izidingo ulwazi exchange phakathi kwamalungu. Wanquma kwezikhalo enjalo interlocutor, okuyinto ziphakamisa impendulo noma ukubanga ukuba ezidzimeleleko. Dialogichnost ijubane lokukhanya alishintshi bokukhuluma kuyinto ngempela ezivamile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo omuhle wobuciko eklanyelwe ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• individualization kwenkulumo izinhlamvu;
• nokuqinisa imiva nokugcwala ngokomzwelo kwenkulumo nombhali nezinhlamvu;
• ukugxila izici ezibalulekile nombhali izenzakalo ezisemfanekisweni.

Kwezinye izimo, tinongo tenkhulumo kanye ongenza indima compositional.

Modern izibalo etemibhalo ubheke bokukhuluma ukwelashwa, ukuphika, enjabulo nemibuzo. Bakwenze kanjani ukuchaza ukuthi ubuza umbuzo ongafuni mpendulo, isikhalazo mphendvulo, isibabazo bokukhuluma nokuphika? Cabanga ukwelashwa. Kuyinto mphendvulo, uma lungenayo ahlose ngixhumane yangempela nomuntu, into noma mkhuba lapho ke sibhekiswe, futhi imane nje amehlo yomfundi futhi sibonise isimo sengqondo okhulumayo. Lokhu kwelashwa ubizwa nangokuthi "ukumelwa nominative." Nasi isibonelo: "eMoscow! Ungakanani lo umsindo ... "lehhungako ukwelashwa ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa izinkondlo kuka ematheksthini temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuvamile kwenza out," wethula "isihloko umsebenzi. Njengoba lisetshenziswe lapha, "Oh injabulo! Ngesikhathi inhliziyo wokulahlekelwa kangaka, ukuthi akakwazi kuwe, hhayi ukuze bakwazi ... " sibalo Landelayo - ubuza umbuzo ongafuni mpendulo - ezivamile ngokulinganayo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kanye izinkondlo. Ngakho-ke yini umbuzo ongadinge mpendulo njengoba isibalo sitayela? Lona umbuzo onikelwa ngenjongo nje okungaqondile kanye aphoristic izitatimende ngokuvamile eyaziwa noma iqiniso elisobala. Thola impendulo - umgomo umbuzo bendabuko, bokukhuluma wemfanelo ayidingi, yokuthi impendulo aqukethwe ngaphakathi ke, "Wena overslept futhi?" Ngezinye izikhathi indima mbuzo ongadinge mpendulo yindlela ekushukumiseleni ukuthunyelwa okuqhubekayo isethulo kwezobuciko, ukukhuthaza ukuvezwa ezijulile izici ezibalulekile semantic, walilandisa: "Kuyinto iphupho, futhi kusasa konke kuzohluka?" abanye bacabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe, kuyoba ukutholakala ukuthi azikho imibuzo kuphela kodwa futhi uyayiphendula bokukhuluma. Kunalokho, ekuphikeni uthatha uhlobo impendulo nokucabanga kungenzeka, i nokucabanga noma umbono i interlocutor ngengqondo: "Cha, umngane wami, asinazo eyodwa lapho elinde wena!"

isibabazo lehhungako - lokhu dictum, okuyinto has a imiva ekhethekile futhi wagcizelela futhi uhlamvu ngokomzwelo. Ibe ke ikakhulu ukuziqhakambisa noma ukwanda kwemithwalo ukugcizelela esicini esisodwa noma kwenye into ukuboniswa: "Oh bheka ekhohlisayo futhi entailing" Zonke lezi zibalo banendima embhalweni umsebenzi, kodwa ezivame ngukutsi tonkhe letindlela wenze lokhu ekspresivnym umbhalo nangokomzwelo .