Ifilosofi ka-Aristotle

Aristotle kuyinto a isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki, owaphila sikhathi classical. Uthisha lakhe uPlato. Aristotle - the umfundisi Aleksandra Makedonskogo.

ifilosofi ka-Aristotle inselele futhi kuzuzise. Isazi sefilosofi omkhulu wacelwa kuphela imibuzo ye-oda emhlabeni, kodwa futhi umuntu ngokwakhe. A esiningi wayehumusha zobuciko ukukhuluma - mpendulo.

Kusukela ngineminyaka engu-nesikhombisa sazi omkhulu wayesebenza futhi wafunda Academy kaPlato. UPlato kwaba uthisha wakhe oqondile. Ngemva kokuhlala e-Academy iminyaka engamashumi amabili, wathuthela emzini Pele, lapho eseneminyaka umfundi futhi baba Aleksandr Makedonsky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wamisa esikoleni sakhe lapho ayesebenza kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Lesi sikole sasibizwa ngokuthi - Lyceum.

Umsebenzi edume kakhulu isazi sefilosofi:

• "Mpendulo";
• "Metaphysics";
• "Inqubomgomo";
• "Poetics";
• "Organon".

ifilosofi ka-Aristotle

Washiya imisebenzi eziye zasiza lokhu isayensi ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuya ezingeni eliphakeme. ifilosofi ka-Aristotle zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

• theory - ke study inkinga ikhona futhi sphere zayo ezihlukahlukene, kubangela zonke izinhlobo izenzakalo, umsuka konke;
• esisebenzayo - uhlola isakhiwo isimo, kanye nemisebenti yebantfu;
• senkondlo.

Futhi walulama futhi kohlobo sesine - logic.

ifilosofi ka-Aristotle Kuningi ukufana okukhona phakathi ne kuyifilosofi kaPlato. Ngokuvamile ukugxekwa lokuqala uthisha wakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokukhethekile nezindaba kokuba - Aristotle wayephikisa imibono okumsulwa, ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi izinto encike ngqo kwi isimo sezwe, kanye ukucabanga ukuthi konke eyingqayizivele emhlabeni, futhi enjalo ayikho.

Aristotle wathi akukho imibono okumsulwa, okuyinto ayixhunyiwe nezwe ngaphandle, mhlawumbe nje ukuba khona iyunithi, ikakhulukazi izinto ezithile, into ukhonkolo - umuntu - ke likhona kuphela endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile.

Ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuphila, isazi sefilosofi kuthatha isigaba sakhe:

• okushiwo;
• sengqondo;
• ubuningi;
• beka;
• isikhundla;
• isikhathi;
• imiphumela;
• isimo;
• ukuhlupheka;
• izinga.

ifilosofi ka-Aristotle unikeza incazelo nenhlalakahle elandelayo: ibhizinisi esinomthwalo izakhiwo kufana, izenzo, ukuhlupheka, nokunye.

Zonke kodwa ngokuyisisekelo lapha eka- nenhlalakahle - okungukuthi, iqiniso lokuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukubona.

ifilosofi ka-Aristotle kusebenza futhi izinkinga kwendaba. Matter iyona potency ukuthi kunomkhawulo ukuma. Ecabanga ngale ndaba, isazi sefilosofi ephetha ngokuthi potency ifomu has konke phansi, iqiniso liwukuthi ekulandelaneni yenguquko ukusuka ndaba ukwakha, futhi aba amaSheshi, kuyinto yokwenziwa potency ekuqaleni, kodwa ifomu asebenzayo. Waphinde waqala ukukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu - oluphakeme kakhulu kwazo zonke izinto. UNkulunkulu uye ekubeni ngaphandle yanoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Umphefumulo uyena obapha ukwazi. Kungaba isitshalo, isilwane, okunengqondo. umphefumulo vegetative kuyinto onesibophezelo sanoma umsoco, imifanekiso, kanye nokukhula. Ngenxa umphefumulo isilwane singaba nomuzwa nesifiso sakhe. Umphefumulo okunengqondo kwenza bonke kuvame futhi sifinyelele eziphethweni - ke kuphela ihlukanisa indoda kusukela ezilwaneni.

Ifilosofi yezenhlalakahle Aristotle lithi umuntu iyisilwane ehleleke kakhulu ukuthi ine inkulumo futhi ukucabanga, ivame ukuba siphile anokuthandwa ngokwakhe. Isidingo uhlobo yabo ukwenza indoda ungubani. Man - a kokuba nomphakathi kakhulu. sociality okushiwo Ngaye bekungenza singasondeli kungabi namandla ngaphandle ulimi.

Akwaziwa futhi nefilosofi zezombusazwe Aristotle. Isazi sefilosofi ikhomba eziyisithupha izinhlobo uthi :

• kobushiqela;
• kwamakhosi;
• izicukuthwane;
• oligarchy ngokwedlulele;
• umthetho waleli viyo;
• polity.

Zonke izinhlobo simo, ihlukaniswe "okubi" nokuthi "kuhle". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yo- uhulumeni, wacabanga kwathiwa waphuzisa.