Kola ultradeep kahle - ngomzamo zingene izimfihlakalo Umhlaba

Kola Borehole ultradeep (SG-3) ingenye amaphrojekthi yimpumelelo kakhulu ekutadisheni Sakhiwo sangekhatsi emhlabeni. A imfuneko ukuqaliswa lo msebenzi waba sokwazi izwe umngcele isayensi zone phakathi kuqweqwe isiphuku - Mohorovicha ebusweni. Kola ultradeep kahle ube umzila okunye, okuyinto waya ososayensi Soviet ekuhloleni ekujuleni emhlabeni, ngokungafani ukukhuthaza ozakwabo American ukuthi yagxila zocwaningo olwalwenziwe mayelana Drilling ezansi izilwandle nasolwandle.

Peninsula Kola wakhethwa ithuba, kule ndawo isikhathi eside ukuguguleka wabhubhisa kakhulu izingqimba engenhla idwala, ngakho uma kahle ifinyelele izinombolo design (15 km), oluyimfihlakalo Mokho ebusweni ngabe kwentiwe. Isici esikhethekile kule ndawo kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi isivinini yayo amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, izimbangela zazo simbe ngokuphelele. Sebenza on the "Kola ultradeep kahle," waqala ngo-1970, futhi uqede kubo ngo-1994, izindlela ezivamile (lonke sokuprakthiza string ijikeleziswa) Ekuqaleni inqubo isicelo. Kodwa ngemva esingeqile Ekujuleni ke kwadingeka ukuba ashintshe ubuchwepheshe. Manje kuphela ukushintshanisa ikhanda sokuprakthiza.

Ngenxa yalokho, ziye zafinyelela kahle a ka 12.262 amamitha ukujula, samiswa umsebenzi izizathu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye zezimali. Ikakhulukazi, ngemva uphawu 12 km wasebenzisa indlela ukushisa ukususwa akakunikanga elamukelekile, lizalele "ezintantayo", okuholela ukusonteka womthombo lapho kokukhipha string sokuprakthiza. Futhi izinga lokushisa kuyanda kwabamangaza ososayensi. Nge zonke ikhilomitha lenyuka ngemazinga amabili (kufaka phakathi, futhi ngenxa yokushisa radiogenic), nakuba kwakulindeleke ukuthi leli nani ukuba alingane elishumi elinamithandathu. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, SG-3 lalilokhu ejulile emhlabeni, lwaphuka umlando walo kuphela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, ngesikhathi indiva uwoyela imithombo Qatar futhi Sakhalin, yamba engela oyingozi kwamanzi. Kola isakhiwo sayo saqale "mothballed" kuze 2008, bese iqedwe.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iwumgomo oyinhloko awuzange kufinyelelwa, Kola wanika ultradeep kahle eziningi isayensi ewusizo. Ingabe iyakuphikisa double isakhiwo ungqimba imodeli yomhlaba uqweqwe (egwadle futhi basalt), futhi liye latholakala futhi ukuthi khona ushintsho ayibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzamazama komhlaba yamadwala, futhi ushintsho yabo izakhiwo ngenxa lokushisa nokucindezelwa. Bathola nokuthi uma ileveli 9 km imfuyo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kakhulu, micro-imifantu zigcwele i isixazululo aqueous. Ukufinyelela Abantu Abakhuluma ka 6.7 km ukujula., I imishini kahle kungenzeka ukuthola izilokazane ezincane omile isibe ubufakazi bokuthi ukuphila emhlabeni uvele eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5. Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili kwalokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi. Ukuba khona methane ezindaweni lapho kungekho inzika waphikisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela nesenzakalo begazi igesi namafutha.

Ngaphezu izinto zesayensi, exhunywe emthonjeni uchungechunge amahemuhemu. Ikakhulu, i-elide yomlando ukuthi ososayensi baye okuthiwa wezwa ukububula kwabantu okusekujuleni ukuthi emsebenzini iphutha izinto simbe futhi kwatholakala inqolobane yangempela amaminerali, amadwala nenhlabathi ezifanayo ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, futhi ngemva imishini stop ngo-1995 ngaphakathi ukuqhuma kahle. Kungakhathaliseki lokhu kuyiqiniso noma ziyindaba eqanjiwe, uyazi mhlawumbe labo abasebenza kuleyo ndawo kuphela.