Cosmodrome Vostochny - esikhundleni Baikonur

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi njengoba le kokuwa kweSoviet Russian isikhala umkhakha ubekade uhlobo ixazululeke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, thina - amaphayona isikhala, futhi ngakolunye - ezweni ngaphandle spaceport lalo. Isixazululo watholakala ngokushesha - neziphathimandla Kazakh wavumelana sesiyinikeza Baikonur yerenti, ecela lowo nyaka isamba ifaniswe izindleko isimo ekusekelweni ezolimo. Kodwa njengoba omunye kukho, uhulumeni ngaleso sikhathi kwatholakala ke sasayinwa sokuqasha kabani eside izophela 2050.

Kodwa ukuba khona yaqashiswa kwethulwa pad ukuze uveze orbit futhi elisindayo imicibisholo satellite sika - hhayi indlela yokuphuma, ngakho ngo-2007, saba ngumthetho kamongameli ku ukwakhiwa cosmodrome entsha in the Russian Federation.

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo cosmodrome East waqala cishe ngokushesha, kodwa eminyakeni hhayi uye washukumisa ngale endaweni ukusula sithungatha futhi simba imigodi. Kodwa inani elotshwe isabelomali ukwakhiwa yayo, wakhula isivinini cosmic ngempela - uma imibhalo yokuqala kwamenyezelwa sibalo ruble 81 bhiliyoni, khona-ke ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, yena engacaci wayesema kakhulu ngendlela $ 300 bhiliyoni ..

Ukuze uqhathanise - e mayelana esilinganayo kungadla yengcebo Sochi Olympic, futhi inani elifanayo sasetshenziswa tekubamba APEC esiqongweni. Ngamanye amazwi, lo cosmodrome East, kungenzeka iphrojekthi wokuvelela iningi uhulumeni waseRussia kusukela yokwakha kabusha.

Kuyini spaceport sokuphana ngento enkulu kangaka futhi kuyabiza? Ngokwe-amaphrojekthi, akungabazeki ukuthi uye phansi enkulu emhlabeni wonke kwethulwa pads ezine yokuqalisa rocket esindayo futhi isikhala mojuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyophinde ube eziphambili kakhulu, njengoba kuyothenjelwa abahlanganisi kwaphela ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo, kodwa futhi entsha eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlala ukuze isikhala dwellers edolobheni.

Cosmodrome Vostochny, ise-Amur Region, endaweni njengoba kungabantu abangaphezulu kuka sezulu esinzima, zidinga eziningi izindleko, ngisho imisebenzi wokulungiselela. Phela, ejwayelekile salokhu zezulu lokushisa zone senhliziyo kusukela lokususa 35 plus ebusika 40 ehlobo nokuphoqa abakhi ukuhola ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi ukuba amamitha angu-70 ukujula. Kuzobuye ukwandisa izindleko umsebenzi kanye nesidingo ukuze kudaleke zonke nengqalasizinda edingekayo kusuka ekuqaleni, ngoba endaweni oyikhethile kuphela akukho ukuxhumana ubuncane kodwa ngisho nojantshi.

Futhi, cosmodrome East, umtlamo okuyinto sesivele sivunyelwe, wayephambanisa ukuze ochwepheshe abaningi emkhakheni isikhala isondele kolwandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqinisekile plus - izingxenye ezinkulu kungaba inikelwe ngokusebenzisa amanzi ngemali ephansi. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kwenzeka noma yisiphi isimo esiphuthumayo ekuqaleni, imoto eziphuthumayo cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti Amathuba ngeke awela olwandle, futhi-ke ukuthole nzima kakhulu kunokuba esimweni kokufika ke emhlabathini owomile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona imfihlo ukuthi kwenziwe ikhanda yangaphambili Russian Space Agency ukuthunyelwa imisebenzi enjalo emikhulu ukwakhiwa, ukuphikisana eziqukethe Baikonur futhi ukukhokha irenti e Kazakhstan ishibhile kunokuba kwakhiwe cosmodrome Vostochny. Kodwa kulokhu, izimpikiswano ukuzimela nokuqashelwa wawubaluleke kakhulu uhulumeni kuka umbuzo izindleko, ngakho ukwakhiwa kwaleso sikhungo, naphezu kokuphikiswa kanzima, wayesalokhu egijima.

Kuze kube manje, kwethulwa imoto yokuqala bavimba kusayithi entsha ehleliwe 2018, kodwa zinikezwe yokuthi kuleli hlandla sigudluke lokuqala kusuka 2014 kuya ku-2015, futhi ngemva kwalokho ngayiswa enza iminyaka emithathu, ukukhuluma mayelana nokunemba izinhlelo kwaqedwa kusemasisha kakhulu.

Kodwa noma kunjalo, lapho ubekwa Vostochny cosmodrome, izonikeza nje kuphela kutimela Russia emkhathini, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha lase-Amur esifundeni.