Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi umkhakha. Ukusetshenziswa ngokuyikho wamandla

ukusetshenziswa ukonga ugesi namuhla isekelwe ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kahle. Ezimweni zanamuhla udaba liye laba nezokusigcoba kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu ngenxa ukwanda umthamo wamabhizinisi ezahlukene. Okulandelayo cabanga ngalokho lwakha ayisebenzisa amandla.

isu lebhizinisi

Uma kwenziwa eside izinhlelo wonke umkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko sigxila ebiziwe, kanye nenani umthwalo umthamo. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo e isu amabhizinisi yisabelo dolobha tekusisa sesimanje eminyakeni ezayo. Ukuze abaphathi eminingi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo amandla ezansi. Nokho, ukuphuthuma le nkinga yenza kube unake. Yesimanje umthamo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle energy kufanele uhambisane nesu lomkhakha wezolimo kwebhizinisi. Uma kungenjalo, kungase kubangele Ukungadli nezindleko, nakho, igcwele ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso zayo ngokuya okukhiphayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwezolimo

Namuhla, njengoba ochwepheshe uqaphele, amagadango ibhizinisi esisindisa kungukuthi ngenkuthalo awenziwanga. Ukwandisa leveli yokuphelela ka ugesi emkhakheni wezolimo - ke kuwumsebenzi omkhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lo mbuzo uhlobene eduze inkinga ngcono ikhwalithi ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha ukunikezela. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze ochwepheshe batusa ukuncipha kwamandla ukulahlekelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa izinyathelo ukusetshenziswa zayo esimeme. Lezi imisebenzi kanye nezixazululo kumelwe nakanjani zifakwe isu lobuciko kwebhizinisi.

Ekhuluma

Ezingase zivele ngenxa izindleko okwandisiwe ibhizinisi zinganqotshwa ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa uhlelo ikhishiwe ukuze zithole amandla futhi sesimanje kwezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza izindawo nezinkomba eyaziwa yezindleko ivolumu okukhipha. Ukuqaliswa kohlelo kufanele acabangele izici umkhiqizo, isikhathi khona yenkampani.

imishini akusebenzi

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza ethembisa izinhlelo ukonga ukhonza ukuthuthukisa necebo elihle kunawo wonke Besizokujanyiselelwa isikhathi eside eziqhutshwa izitshalo amandla. Abaningi babo ukusebenza amabhizinisi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. imishini yisikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubhayela libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu, amandla engaphiwanga namuhla. Sekuyisikhathi eside Inkinga eziqhutshwa ukufaka kakhulu kubamba ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha yesimanje. Umsebenzi imishini akusebenzi akudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu dolobha. Kodwa ngenxa ukuwohloka zokugwema ukuphuka izinyembezi zenzeka ngezikhathi. Lokhu, kuholela inqubo elula yokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yalokho, anda izindleko zokugcina, ukulungisa kanye esikhundleni izingxenye. Kulokhu, kunenkolelo yokuthi uyephuza tekusisa sesimanje izinhlelo ezinjalo ngeke umsindise imali yenkampani. Nokho, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, ngenxa izindleko akugcini nje hhayi ziyancipha, kodwa yanyuka ngokuphawulekayo.

Kusungulwa kwemiklamo eside

Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo ezihilela ekusetshenzisweni ugesi, ekuqaleni ukuba igcwaliseke ngokuvumelana uhlelo jikelele for sesimanje zonke imishini. Kumiswa izimo ezidingekile ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ezinjalo yilapho ukuphathwa kwenkampani ekuhleleni kanye kubiza imikhiqizo uyaqonda ezingeni langempela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Ikakhulukazi, ucabangela ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Kulezi zimo, ukuphathwa uzama ukuthola izindlela ezisheshayo-futhi iningi okungenani ezibizayo ukuze ulondoloze. Lo msebenzi wenza isinyathelo sokuqala uhlelo inkampani ekahle. Ukuqaliswa okwalandela yephrojekthi ngokuvamile kuhilela umsebenzi nezimpi eziningana, ikhambi, imisebenzi emisha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngemva kokufinyelela amatsha kuyinto Imiphumela ledzingekako esigabeni sokuqala. Zinikeza enetjhuguluko izindleko ukulawula nokuphatha Izindleko ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Ngemva kwalokho zibe bese zilandelwa ngu esikhundleni imishini ephelelwe yisikhathi nge izinhlelo ngaphezulu yesimanje. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kudinga imali ngemali okukhulu.

Ukubaluleka izibalo

Ekusetjentisweni kwemandla ngalokuyimphumelelo kufinyelelwa uma sesimanje imishini main kule nkampani wenziwa kanye ekuhlaziyweni ivolumu kanye nokwenza izicelo Enterprise Resource. Isici kunesidingo zohlelo kulokhu ukubala amandla isici in izindleko imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa. Nomkhakha ngamunye, kwehlukile. Ngakho, ingxenye ezamandla umkhakha steel - 40%, ifayela eliwumthombo - 20%, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi - 30% nokunye. Leli nani kungenzeka abangelutho. Nokho, kulesi simo, ukusetshenziswa smart kukagesi kuleli umkhakha ukuthuthukisa umthamo eyengeziwe zokukhiqiza. Kulesi undersupply kwezinsiza izikhathi eziningi ziyoyidlula izindleko zawo.

ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kukagesi Umhlahlandlela

Injongo eyinhloko yawo inkampani abalwela nesimanje, ukunciphisa isisetshenziswa imfucuza imele kuwo wonke amazinga uhlelo futhi ngaphakathi izitshalo. isizukulwane Proper, ukudluliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ukunikeza inqubo uninterruptible wenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko:

1. kahle isakhiwo supply system ekwakhiweni. Le ndlela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa:

- voltages okunengqondo;

- inani eliphelele kugucuka;

- endaweni ka PS indawo;

- Inombolo namandla we-Transformers ngesikhathi ezincane;

- esisheshayo amandla isinxephezelo;

- ugesi wesifunda, nokunye.

2. Ukuncishiswa ukulahleka izinhlelo ezikhona. Kuhlanganisa:

- Voltage isiqondiso;

- ukuphathwa nokulawulwa amandla ukusetshenziswa izindlela;

- Ukwehliswa idling abamukelayo;

- sesimanje we ekhona nokusetshenziswa kabanzi imishini yesimanje, esebenza kahle futhi enokwethenjelwa kagesi kanye nenqubo;

- ukusetshenziswa yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukulawula yokusebenza izindlela ukupholisa ukudonsa izinhlelo;

- Ukufakwa ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhanyisa emini;

- okwandisa izinga amandla ;

- isicelo mode kahle ekusebenzeni amandla transformers.

3. edamu kukagesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga isayensi-based ethize energy ukusetshenziswa iyunithi ukukhiqizwa ngamunye. Ukufeza lezinhloso inkampani kumele usebenze isilawuli olulodwa accounting uhlelo.

4. balance sheet, ngokuhambisana lapho ukukhiqizwa, ukudluliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa ugesi. Batfutfukisa lokuqala ngesikhathi ukufaka ngabanye kanye amayunithi, ezihambayo kancane kancane kuze kube izitolo, bese wonke kulo lonke ibhizinisi.

5. kwenhlangano kanye lobuchwepheshe izinyathelo. ukuthuthukiswa yabo iqhutshwa kucatshangelwa imininingwane ibhizinisi elithile.

ukulahlekelwa ukuphila

Zonke izilungiselelo ukuthi zifakwe ohlelweni lokuthengwa kwempahla, kuhlanganise Transformers nemigqa, resistances ezahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi owenziwe kusukela ukulahlekelwa yayo. Iningi lawo zenzeka transformers nemigqa. izibalo Olungokoqobo ajwayele ikhumbula ukulahlekelwa kulezi izakhi kohlelo. Ukulahlekelwa ku Windings transformer, izintambo futhi izintambo kukhona wakhona skwele wamanje umthwalo eligeleza kuwo, okuholela igama labo - umthwalo. Babuye uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi eziguquguqukayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wamanje umthwalo ngokuvamile ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

izinyathelo yenhlangano

Njengoba kwanda ukusetshenziswa kanye uxhumano kunethiwekhi insiza entsha nokukhuphula ukulahlekelwa. Ngezinye amandla kagesi izitshalo abazenzi izibalo ehlelekile. Ngokusho imiphumela yabo, nokwenza imisebenzi anomthelela zokunciphisa ukulahleka uma kunesidingo. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Isondlo amabhasi 10 kV futhi 0.38 kV ezincane noma izigaba 10 / 0.4 kV ukusatshalaliswa transformer ezincane 110 ... 35/10 kV elikhulu voltage ezingeni.
• Ukuhambisana isigaba imithwalo ekuxhumaneni ne voltage ka 0.38 kV.
• Ukukhetha ukuvulwa izigaba kahle imigqa phezulu (phezulu imigqa) nge voltage-10 ... 35 kW ne amandla amabili emaceleni.
• Ukuvimbela eyodwa transformer e encane imithwalo imodi ezimbili-transformer ezincane, futhi ngesikhathi ezincane nge umthwalo kwesizini.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ukusetshenziswa yabo siqu IHU.
• Ukwehla ngokuya nokugcinwa nokulungiswa switchgears, Transformers nemigqa.

enama

izinyathelo yenhlangano, kanye nezindlela ukuthuthukisa ezimali izinhlelo ngokuvamile awadingi abalulekile izindleko ekuqaleni-up. Kule ndaba, babehlale uyelulekwa ukuze afeze. Nge imisebenzi efanayo lobuchwepheshe Kuthi ezahlukene. Zihlotshaniswa ukutshalwa ezengeziwe. Phakathi kwezinyathelo main lobuchwepheshe kufanele sifake hlangana okulandelako:

• Ukubeka capacitors static, amabhethri, ifakwe othomathikhi amandla ukulungiswa.
• Ukubuyiselwa transformers ogcwele kakhulu futhi underloaded e umthengi ezincane.
• Ukufakwa imishini RTP ne voltage adjustable ngaphansi komthwalo.
• Ukubuyiselwa imigqa ogcwele kakhulu izintambo, kuhlanganise amagatsha imigqa phezulu ezakhiweni.
• amanethiwekhi sokuhumusha voltage esinesilinganiso.

Esisheshayo amandla isinxephezelo

Lo mcimbi kubhekwe ngempumelelo kakhulu. Umgomo we capacitor isinxephezelo parallel, waphetha okulandelayo: ingxenye amandla idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa, esisheshayo, ngokukhethekile, ichithwa umsebenzi mechanical noma ukushisa. It uba kuphela njengoba isilinganiso amandla, okuyinto magnetic umthombo endle futhi isamukeli ukuxhumana nabanye. Kodwa ngezinga lamanje efanayo, okuhambelana amandla esisheshayo edabula umugqa ukudluliswa, kuphakamisa ukulahlekelwa. Nokho, le nkinga, zingaxazululwa. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenziseka njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu kwezomnotho ka epholisayo amabhethri kumanethiwekhi nge voltage ka 0.38 kV kumelwe banekhono ngezikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu esisheshayo umthwalo ingxenye okungamele kube ephakeme kunaleyo 0.33, abathengi banamandla isici wayengekho ngaphansi kuka 0, 95.

Transformers nge OLTC

Ukubeka kwabo ngesikhathi 110 ... 35/10 kV inikeza ukusetshenziswa kukagesi e umkhakha, hhayi kuphela ukulahlekelwa ongatheni, kodwa futhi ukunamathela abathengi eMhlanganweni ekhishwa okwahlukile kwesejwayelekile e ukungezwani. Ngenxa iphutha phakathi amakhono kulinganiselwa futhi langempela ezinye transformers kufakwe inethiwekhi eziqhutshwa kungaba underload. I yokukhulisa umthwalo walawa mayunithi akunakwenzeka uma kuphela umuntu alinge ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho amandla kagesi ngokuxhuma kubo. Transformers okunjalo ifanelekile ukuze esikhundleni amadivaysi kangako. Ukulahleka kungekho-load kuzoncishiswa, futhi Windings - anda. Unalokhu engqondweni, umuntfu angakhona kubala umthwalo umkhawulo ka transformer eyafakwa inethiwekhi lapho esikhundleni idivayisi kangako kuyoba ofanele.

umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi

ukwanda Its okwenzeka ukwakhiwa ezincane ezintsha kanye imigqa. Futhi kule iqoqo kubalwa esikhundleni zonke izintambo ogcwele kakhulu phakathi ukuthuthukiswa inethiwekhi ngokuhambisana amaphrojekthi akhethekile. Ukuhumusha ES yasemakhaya phezu okusezingeni eliphezulu voltage ukalwe kuphela kokuqhuba imigqa nge voltage-10 kV esikhundleni 6 kV. Ukuzisebenzisa kahle ugesi endaweni Eyokuqala ihilela ukuhlela ekuthuthukiseni umamukeli ukusebenza. izibalo ezidingekayo lobuchwepheshe kufanele sigcwaliswe lonke supply chain. Okungukuthi, kufanele tiyasebenta ukukhiqizwa kanye ne-transmission, kanye ukusetshenziswa kukagesi.

edamu

Libuye okubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi isilinganiso sihlinzekela ukusungulwa kwamazinga oluthize isisetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa. Ukuqinisekisa abalulekile amandla imali okungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ezintsha, amazinga isayensi-based. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu zezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya ukusungulwa lomholo izinhlelo zokwanelisa izidingo nangaphezulu-ekugcwalisekeni kwalokho okuyinkambiso. Imigomo yokusetshenziswa kukagesi kubalulekile ukuba ubuyekeze futhi ngcono nezinguquko ezinqubweni ukukhiqizwa, ukuthwasiswa kwabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi imishini yesimanje emsebenzini. Lo msebenzi uwumthwalo wemfanelo wabo ezithintekile iyunithi abasebenzi. Imithetho Specific ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi, okuyinto etholakala ngokuhamba ukubala, kuphoqelekile ukuze uhlole ibhizinisi. Lokhu kwenziwa yokulinganisa isikhathi esithile (isizini umsebenzi, ngonyaka, njalonjalo. D.) Phakathi operation evamile ibhizinisi. Edamu kungenziwa igcwaliseke kuphela ovikelekile energy ukusetshenziswa bhalisiwe e ibhizinisi.

umthwalo Amashadi

Ngaphandle kwawo, ukusebenzisa ngobuhlakani amandla akunakwenzeka. Ukunqunywa komkhawulokudonsa Transformers, izintambo nakwamanye amanethiwekhi wenziwa ngokuhambisana umthwalo ezilinganiswe. Lamanje ngaphezulu izodlulisa lemisuka uhlelo ngonyaka, ngosuku noma isikhathi kulo, yilapho bezibona khona beyobe behileleke khona. Ngakho, ukusebenza kahle amandla kuyoba ephakeme. Ekusebenteni, igrafu langempela uhlale ezahlukene kusukela ekahle ukuthi ngesikhathi esikhathini esiningi ngezansi ikhono design.