Volkhov HPP: incazelo nesithombe. Umlando Volkhov esiteshini emifula

Njengoba yaziwa, Alessandro Volta yasungulwa ibhethri okokuqala kagesi ngo-1800, unyaka. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka eziyisikhombisa yeza amandla kuqala, futhi lesi senzakalo uye phakade ushintshe ukuphila kwesintu. Iningi labo lalilisha untula e matemu, futhi ngokushesha wakhala iziteshi iyashelela. Nokho, phakathi izitshalo futhi babe eyikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant, nesebenzela namuhla, kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala eyakhelwe phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Kuyaqapheleka yisikhumbuzo kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvula ubhekwa omunye sites yezimboni Leningrad esifundeni.

Volkhov

Russia - izwe nemifula emikhulu, ngakho ngo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, abaqambi abaningi baqala ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi ekusetshenzisweni Hydropower yaso. Kuye kwaqashelwa futhi umfula Volkhov. Kumephu wezwe lakithi kulula ukuthola, ngoba yilona kuphela ugeleza of Lake Ilmen. Futhi akusiwona lokugcina sici yayo njengoba Volhov unekhono ukushintsha isiqondiso. Lokhu kwenzeka emazingeni aphansi yamanzi futhi ilmenite ngenxa pressurization we namanzi.

Volkhov HPP umlando project

Umqondo ukwakhiwa izitshalo Hydropower ku emfuleni Volkhov wokuqala okhethwe unjiniyela GO Graftio ngo-1902. Iminyaka eyishumi nambili kamuva, ithuthukiswe unikezwa yakhe ukuvela abaphehla ugesi qinile sethulwa kuhulumeni Russia tsarist. Lo mklamo ayibangelwa sithakazelo etikhulwini, wahamba, njengoba besho, ngaphansi kwetafula. Ngo-1917, unjiniyela kwaba akwazi ukuvusa isithakazelo ingane yabo Uhulumeni Yesikhashana, okuyinto ogunyaziwe yomsebenzi wokulungiselela ukwakhiwa izitshalo ezintsha amandla kagesi. They lasted kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi zimisiwe ngoba inguquko kanye izenzakalo ezalandela ezaholela ukuwa kwezomnotho. Umzamo yesibili ukuqala ukwakhiwa izitshalo Hydropower emfuleni Volkhov kwenziwa ngosizo V I. Lenina ngo-1918, unyaka, kodwa ngokushesha sinqatshelwe. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1921, lesi sitshalo Hydropower kwahlanganiswa uhlelo lokufaka ugesi.

ukwakhiwa

Volkhov HPP maduze ukugubha unyaka wayo wama-95. Kwakuthinta eminyakeni eminingi kangaka edlule, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange lathatha isinqumo ku ukwakhiwa yayo. Futhi idokhumenti nabazali bokutholwa lapho umhlangano we Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR nomhlangano lwesishiyagalombili, kwaboniswa ukuthi into ngeke ukusiza ukuxazulula inkinga kagesi Petrograd uqede kuya okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako fuel crisis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1922 Government of the RSFSR wafundiswa emizimbeni olufanele ukubambisana ngokugcwele Volkhovstroy. Ngenxa yemizamo nobuqhawe wezisebenzi Julayi 1926 ekusebenzeni esangweni amandla kagesi entsha wethulwa, esangenza ukuvula ngokusebenzisa navigation emfuleni Volkhov. Uma idivayisi wawudla izindwali kwesigubhu ehektheleni ayizinkulungwane 10 umhlaba wokulima.

umlando ukusebenza

Kunikezelwa Volkhov amandla kagesi lwenzeka ngoDisemba 1926. Kwase waqala phezulu ezintathu emifula abanye benziwa baba isebenze phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-12. Ngaleso sikhathi, Volkhov amandla kagesi kwaba 58 MW. Eminyakeni eyalandela Kancane kancane ukwenyuka, futhi ngo ekuqaleni '40s kwaba 66 MW.

Lapho esondela phambili ezinhlwini zempi HPP ngonyaka wamashumi amane nanye the Volkhov imishini kagesi adiliza futhi zisuswe. Ngenhlanhla, amaNazi kuhlulekile wasithatha luhlobo osendaweni ezibalulekile, futhi ekwindla ka-1942, lapho isimo uhlaliseke kancane, abathathu emifula siphinde efakwe bafakwa msebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phansi Echibi Ladoga ingacamelisa khona ikhebula, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Volkhov isitshalo amandla kagesi (isithombe kwesikhathi cishe zazifile) ifikile ukudlala indima eqakathekileko amandla supply Leningrad ovinjezelwe. In parallel nalokhu umsebenzi besingenza ulethe amandla into kwezibalo pre-impi, lokho okuye kwafezwa ngu-October 1944, futhi inani HPP sokubuyiselwa laqedwa ngo-1945.

Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo Volkhov isitshalo emifula eziqhutshwa kahle, futhi ngo-1966 ukuze benze umsebenzi okudala ithimba layo wanikwa Order of the Red Banner.

Retooling

Phakathi kuka-1993 no-1996, iminyaka Volkhov esiteshini emifula, ogama izithombe ukunikeza umqondo wokuthi ukubukeka yalo yayenziwe, ibuyekeziwe. Ikakhulukazi, esikhundleni ezintathu isizukulwane amayunithi ixoshe on namandla kakhulu 12 MW ngamunye. Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukuba Nokho, esikhundleni lonke ophephela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali, le nqubo kakhulu imisiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ekupheleni 2007, saya sangena esivumelwaneni ukuba esikhundleni isitshalo wokuqala kagesi ukuthi wakwazi ukufeza eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Okwamanje, i-Volkhov umsebenzi esiteshini emifula sesimanje azikaluphothuli. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngemva esikhundleni wonke amayunithi wokubacindezela zomthamo wawo izokwenyuka 98 MW.

GES namuhla

Volkhov isitshalo emifula ingenye ingcindezi ongaphakeme siteshi. Ukwakheka nemisebenzi yakhe zihlanganisa:

• Ukhonkolo edamini Spillway ubude 212 amamitha;
• ukwakha izitshalo Hydropower;
• rybohodnoe ukwakhiwa;
• ekamelweni lokuthumela Ilokhi;
• floodgate;
• ledozaschitnaya odongeni kokuba ubude 256 amamitha.

Isilinganiso ikhiqiza iziqhumane amandla kagesi of 347 Volkhovskaya Mill. KvVtch. Lesi sakhiwo amandla plant amayunithi eziyishumi osabalalayo-Axial wokubacindezela usebenze inhloko amamitha 11. Ingcindezi izindawo emifula bakha Volkhov kwesigubhu. endaweni yaso 2.02 sq. km, kanye umthamo ewusizo - abayizigidi ezingu 24,36 cubic metres ..

Uhambo

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ngakho kukhona njalo eziningi zokufuna uvakashele le sayithi futhi simazi kangcono izici nomklamo walo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele uphase i-akhawunti kwangaphambilini ku-group tour zihlelekile, okuyinto kungenzeka kuphela ekwetfuleni iphasiphothi. Uhlelo esinjalo izinkambo waqondisa zihlanganisa ukuhamba nge edamini emifula, ngokuvakashela Museum-efulethini Genriha Osipovicha Graftio futhi igumbi umshini, kanye ukujwayelaniswa nomlando naleli damu. Futhi, uma ngaphambi Volkhov kumephu, bese, ebhekisisa ngaphezulu, ungabona ukuthi ngasedamini ugcwele izinto ezithakazelisayo. Ikakhulukazi, uma ufuna ungavakashela City Museum kanye neBandla Mihaila Arhangela.

Volkhov amandla kagesi esiteshini kumephu

Ukuze ngifike kuleyo amandla kagesi kungaba esitimeleni, okuyinto isuka YaseMoscow sesitimela ku sesitimela "Volkhov", noma imoto emgwaqeni omkhulu "Kola". HPP kuzokusiza uthole ibalazwe Volkhov, abekwe ngezansi, lapho udinga ukuthola ikheli: emgwaqweni Graftio, 1.

Manje uyazi, edumile Volkhov esiteshini emifula, indima eyadlalwa lokhu kusekelwa zangempela kweLeningrad phama, nalokho okuzokwenzeka kuyo esikhathini esizayo.