American "Hummer" wezempi. "Hummer" umkhosi: lobuchwepheshe Ukucaciswa

"Hammer" - imoto wezempi isicelo ebanzi, akhiwa AM Jikelele (American General Motors) ngo-1981 ethunywe US zoMnyango Wezokuvikela.

Le phrojekthi ukudala ibutho wonke amasondo imoto

Esikhathini yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, US wezempi isakhiwo ubuholi ifikile esiphethweni sokuthi ATVs, amaloli, civil enikeziwe yizimboni, akusho ngokugcwele nezidingo Army. Kube nesidingo sokuba ekhethekile multi-purpose zokuthwalwa amayunithi njalo US Army. Ngo-1979, kwaqala umsebenzi iphrojekthi enkulu ukwakha supervezdehoda ezinamasondo, elithole HMMWV isiqu. Umshini kwakudingeka babekezelele izikhali esheshayo umlilo futhi babe nokuvikeleka zempi. Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ofanayo inkampani "AM Jikelele" sekuqalile ukwenziwa kwephrojekti futhi esingaphansi konyaka sibonelo wokuqala ngaphansi nesiqu M998, ihlolwe emkhakheni futhi iye yamukelwa ikhomishana lempi. rover lesiBuketiwe Kunconywa ukukhiqizwa serial.

Ngesisekelo le M998 evunyiwe wadala ngaphezulu Suv onobuhle ababili: M1025 futhi M1026. Phakathi 1980 ku ezimbonini "AM Jikelele" eyakhishwa 500 "Hammer" futhi kulindeleke izimoto ukukhiqizwa 55.000 in the plan ukuthi ngenkathi esukela ku-1981 kuya ku-1985.

Ngo-1989, i- "Hummer" ibutho super-class, iqhaza Sasebenza nje Imbangela e ayehlasela US Army ePanama. Ngemva "umbhaphathizo umlilo" ngawo wonke amasondo imoto isibe imoto lomcoka-United States.

ukulwa isicelo

Ekuqaleni "Hammer", iloli lempi, kuphela esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa elihamba futhi njengenkulumo njengoba umshini lokulwa. Imoto azange abe kuyisivikelo esiqinile futhi kwaba sengozini zonke izinhlobo izikhali, kuhlanganise i-isitha isibhamu esisodwa, ingasaphathwa umlilo machine gun. Nokho, ngawo wonke amasondo imoto ezimweni eziningi ukwazile baphume lonke kusukela ukushayisana nesitha, ukulondolozwa chassis olukhuni, amasondo kanye injini ushintshanise obunamandla.

ukubhuka

Nokho, ngokushesha yaba sobala ukuthi "Hammer", yeloli lamasosha ngaphandle izikhali, abadinga ukuvikelwa mkhulu. Bese kuthi-ke inkampani "AM Jikelele" imodeli M1114 lwakhiwe nge amabutho zempi. ekukhiqizweni awuzange, imoto senziwa isiqephu futhi uchungechunge elincane. Nokho, ngemva "Hammer" eziningana e-Iraq babulawa oqondile yabashokobezi ukuhlaselwa nge amabhomu rocket ezinezinjini, ATV ukukhululwa wayiswa okufushane armored ka Up-Zempi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo saqinisa ukumiswa bese usetha esisha, namandla kakhulu diesel turbocharged. Zonke amawindi kwathathelwa indawo inhlamvu.

Ukungakwazi ulwe izimo

Inqubo turning "Hammer" umshini impi kwenzekani, futhi kungakabiphi kwaba sobala ukuthi imoto ilahlekelwa yayo ukusebenza ukushayela ngenxa abalulekile eziya ziba zimbi zomzimba. Inamandla zempi amapuleti ukuvikela abanikeze asebenza nabo kanye umgibeli gumbi, kakhulu anda isikhungo imoto ye-gravity, okuyinto Uphatha kabi handling yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kulwa wonke amasondo imoto ngokugcwele kwakungenakwenzeka ngenxa sengozini yayo ukuqhuma emayini, okuyinto kalula kubhujiswe phansi ezondile umshini.

sesimanje

Military "Hammer", izici elalingelona iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ukulwa, kwaba abadinga wokubuyekeza olukhulu. Mayelana nezimoto ezifakelwe izikhali ezincane ophahleni, angizange uneminye amathuluzi ukuvikela umdubuli kambayimbayi. Yiqiniso, uma umshini sidalwe njengendlela yokuthola impi, degree of ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kungaba kakhulu kunalokhu. Futhi manje zaba ukulungisa inkambo design ukwandisa ukulwa amakhono lihamba.

"Hummer" umkhosi: lobuchwepheshe Ukucaciswa

Ngo-1995, ukukhiqizwa serial imodeli olwesimanje M1114 ECV chassis wethulwa. Lena engibaziyo lempi "Hammer" nge-track enwetshiwe futhi ukukhulisa izilinganiso ezingavikelekile njalo uvunyelwe parachute umshini njengoba edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo imoto yafakwa hhayi indiza eyodwa.

Isimo sezwe umthwalo imoto umthamo amathani 2. I speed esiphezulu we mshini injini "Chevrolet" - 88 km / h. sezwe isivinini imoto udizili turbocharger uphawu "Detroit Diesel V8" sifinyelela 135 km / h. Fuel ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi mayelana 23 amalitha ngamunye amakhilomitha angu-100. Axels 4 × 4 imoto.

amandla plant

US wezempi "Hammer" ifakwe izinhlobo eziningana izinjini. Kusukela izinjini uphethiloli esetshenziswa Chevrolet V8, isilinda umthamo 5373 cc / cm, umthamo 135 amalitha. s., wagxila okuyinto okwanele lolo ukujikeleza imoto emkhakheni uma ithwele umthwalo omningi, kodwa hhayi ukushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu emgwaqeni omkhulu, ngoba ukudluliswa ukusetshenziswa igiya eliphansi okungu.

Engine brand "Detroit Diesel V8", turbocharged udizili, okuyinto eba amandla 195 l. c., lapho uMbhalo ivolumu 6450 cc / cm.

Bobabili izinjini anemisila hydromechanical 4-speed brand othomathikhi GM 4L80-E, ukukhiqizwa kwe "Motors Jikelele".

Ubukhulu nesisindo izici

"Hammer" (US wezempi) has izinhlangothi ezilandelayo:

• sikebhe obuphelele - 4600 mm;
• ukuphakama - 1800 mm;
• ububanzi - 2100 mm;
• wheelbase - 3300 mm;
• unyathele - 1829 mm;
• isisindo esikhulu - 4672 kg;
• okalwe - 2676 kg.

"Hammer" namuhla

Okwamanje, izazi American bayatfutfuka i owaqalwa Ukuvikelwa ngesisekelo BAE System osetshenziselwa tekusebenta ibutho amayunithi. Isihlalo ivikelwe umcibisholo 50-mm steel plate. HMMWV ifakwe udaba yakamuva isibhamu izinhlelo Salvo umlilo esincane elawulwa kude. Ngakho, iqembu labadubuli kungaba kwenziwe ngaphandle kokushiya cab. Kwamanye uhlelo ukulungiswa "Hammer" setha "Boomerang", okuyinto uphikisa ukuhlasela nge-sniper. Izinketho eyafakwa idivayisi, ungakwazi kweso ukuthola sniper ulichithe ukubuyisa umlilo.

Amanye amazwe e-Europe naseNyakatho Afrika ukuthenga "Hammer" ukusebenza kwangaphakathi, okungukuthi ukucindezela izingxabano okukhulu ezivukayo angesabi ethile ensimini yawo. Kalula rover ezikwazi ifakwe emanzini-jet izibhamu, izibhamu webhomu umile for kokudubula amabhomu ne sledotochivym igesi. US wezempi "Hammer", intengo zazo akazihluphi emazweni uhulumeni nge isimo sezombusazwe zeziyaluyalu, ilungele le njongo.

Armored "Humvees" ukukhiqiza izimoto abaningi bathenga amazwe wesithathu kwezinkonzo zazo, komthetho, ukuze amaphoyisa nakwezempi patrol lonogada. Ngo-2007, umzimba nokuphatha US amasosha lanxusa ngenhloso esikhundleni fugasozaschischennye MRAP izimoto armored ukuze "Hammer", ngenxa rollovers njalo okusezingeni eliphezulu MRAP izibhamu self ezinezinjini futhi permeability yabo enganele.

ukulungiswa

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-35 zokukhiqiza, "Hammer" yadalwa ezihlukile ukulungiswa sezwe imoto amathathu. Esikhathini uhlu ongakhetha eziyinhloko, mass-kukhiqizwa futhi ekhuthele compounds lempi injongo yabo ehlosiwe:

• IMETS - isevisi sezulu mobile;
• Ground Mobility Vehicle - mobile umshini zokuxhumana;
• Lazer System - zokuyithena isitha uhlelo wezikhali laser;
• M1109 - umfuziselo ukuvikeleka okungeziwe ne ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane nezikhali zempi ezilula;
• M1097 - esindayo HMMWV "Avenger";
• M1069 - ugandaganda ukukhanya wezikhali, inganono osezingeni 100 mm;
• M1046 - umshini ruggedized nge Tow anti-tank izenzo kulokulukhuni
• M1045 - elihambayo ruggedized, nge donsa bese indophi kulokulukhuni
• M1044 - umshini, ifakwe izingalo kanye ukuphakamisa;
• M1042 - S250 elihambayo imishini zokuthutha, nge indophi;
• M1038 - samuntu yentengiso indophi;
• M1036 - inqola armored nge indophi lwefilakisi elingabhuliwe kulokulukhuni
• M1035 - ambulensi nge isisitho selanga esithambile futhi ngendlu ezine zemikhawulo
• M997 - elihambayo sanitary nge 4 enezihlalo gumbi, armored;
• M996 - ambulensi nge gumbi double, armored;
• M966 - HMMWV, armored, nge Tow anti-tank kulokulukhuni
• I-M56 - ngibheme umshini "Coyote".

Kwesimo endaweni nolwami kwelibekiwe imishini

ukuguqulwa "Hammer" yadalwa esekelwe M1114 chassis okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi wemaviki lamabili womgwaqo, eneqembu abane ezingeni anda Ukuvikelwa ballistic. Armored Corps ibonisa ekuhlaseleni 7-milimitha izinhlamvu ezivela ezizishintshayo, emoyeni blasting nezinhlamvu alufakwa anti-tank ezimayini. Imoto is ababethi sifihle ungazwakali isihlabathi futhi ivumela intelligence ukubhekwa lezinto at ibanga 800 amamitha.

Ukuguqulwa M1115 senzelwe Kwamabhomu izindawo, izakhiwo, hangars, emafektri kanye izakhiwo ngomshoshaphansi. Emotweni, igxile yonke imishini ezidingekayo ukucinga kwezimayini amagobolondo kuqhume, kanye iqoqo amadivayisi loniketa ingalimaza nokulahlwa Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ezitholakele. Imishini izimoto ezikhethekile kuhlanganisa amasethi izingubo deminers wahlanganyela imisebenzi eyonakalisayo.

"Hummer M1116" - armored imoto lokushaya, eyenzelwe kokufika kusukela ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla ngezindiza ezincane eneqembu ezine.

izindleko

Car lempi ngezigaba "Hammer" akuyona ngokuvamile kubonakala ezidayiswa eRussia, izimoto ezimbalwa enikelwa ukudayiswa, abasakwazi eqolo. Ububanzi intengo kuhluka ruble 730 000 ubudala, ezidinga ukulungisa lihamba, laya ezigidini ezingu-6,65 for imoto isesimweni esihle, esanda kukhululwa ngonyaka.