Izinhlobo ezinkulu izinhlelo uphawu. Isibonelo sophawu uhlelo ulimi

Zonke indlela yesimanje emhlabeni yakhiwa izinhlelo abaningi kangako. Uma ungazange wacabanga, ukucabanga nje ukuthi konke thina bajwayele ukufunda, ukuqonda, abuye ahumushe - uphawula. Le ndoda necebo izinhlangano zabo ezikhethekile ukuba liyobamba, esitolo kanye ukuncela ulwazi.

Ukuze uhlamvu wayengekho ezingenakubalwa, njengoba ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo ezweni, izakhiwo ezikhethekile sezisunguliwe. Lokho Bazophuma ukubheka lesi sihloko, kanye kuholele isibonelo egqamile futhi ecacile kohlelo uphawu. Lesi sihloko ngokolimi kuyoba ezithakazelisayo hhayi kuphela Ochwepheshe. Futhi waqala ukubuka izithombe ke njalo kuyo yonke idatha beqonda kalula futhi umane.

definition

Ngaphambi kokucabangela ngokuningiliziwe iyiphi isibonelo simiso izimpawu, sicabanga kudingekile ukuba umqondo walokho lesi simanga.

Ngakho, uhlelo uphawu - ezithile izinhlamvu ngokuvamile efanayo kokuba isakhiwo sangaphakathi futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, kumiswa imithetho abahlukene, ukurhumutjha usebenzisa izakhi zalo. umsebenzi Its main - ukuqinisekisa collective okugcwele ngabanye ukukhulumisana izinqubo.

Kulokhu, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi eqinisweni, uphawu - izinto, okuyinto iba esikhundleni (incarnation) lomunye into, mkhuba, izakhiwo. Ulotshwe, agcinwe futhi beqonda ulwazi (esilibiza ngokuthi ulwazi oluthe xaxa).

Izinhlobo izinhlelo uphawu

izifundo echazwa semiotics uhlukanise ekhona namuhla ezisebenza isakhiwo idatha kanje:

- yemvelo;

- ngamazwi;

- wesitayela;

- yisakhiwo sodumo;

- Ezivamile;

- Ukuqoshwa uhlelo.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe sizobe uthinte phezu kwalezi zinhlobo emva, cabanga ngombuzo elandelayo - lokho kuyinto ulimi njengoba uhlelo uphawu. Kuze kube manje, gxila nenqubo kwawo abelwe.

ubufakazi

Sesiyazi ukuthi isimiso esinjalo uphawu, kodwa kuphela abstract bajwayelane definition. Njengoba isigaba ebanzi kakhulu, sifaka akuzona zonke izakhi abizwa ngokuthi izimpawu. Ngakho yiziphi izimpawu ukuvumela ukuba kube ezinjalo?

• Okokuqala, kumele yiluphi uhlelo bahlanganiswe okungenani izinhlamvu ezingu-ezimbili.
• Okwesibili, izakhi kumele ihlelwe ngezimiso ezithile.
• Okwesithathu, ukubukeka izakhi ezintsha kungaba kwenziwe kuphela izimiso ecacile neqondile.

Lolu cwaningo ezibonakaliso izinhlelo uphawu

Imibuzo izakhiwo yisakhiwo sodumo sizibandakanye isayensi ahlukene - semiotics. Enkabeni yalo, ke kuyisiyalo esiyisa nomngcele ophakathi yezilimi, ulwazi theory, kwabantu, izincwadi, Psychology, biology.

Ucwaningo semiotics ikhiqizwa izici ezintathu eziyinhloko, okuyinto zibizwa ngokuthi izindawo isayensi:

• Syntactics. Into yokutadisha - imithetho umgomo amasistimu uphawu, ubudlelwano phakathi izakhi zabo, amaphethini kanye nenhlanganisela yemfundo.
• Isemanthikhi. Ukuhlaziya incazelo, ngamanye amazwi, ucabangela ubudlelwano phakathi uphawu nencazelo yalo.
• Pragmatics. Sidingida ubudlelwano phakathi ohlelweni futhi abadlali bayo.

Esinye sezici ethile - i-semiotics isiko. Lo mqondo kungenxa yokuthi kuwo wonke amasiko kukhona ulwazi ngocansi esebenzisa izimpawu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusho imibhalo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbhalo isiko ukukhulelwa yesayensi yiluphi uhlobo abezindaba.

Ulimi okuyinkambiso izibonakaliso semiotics

Sonke kufanele ubhekane nsuku zonke ngolimi. Mhlawumbe asizange isikhathi sokucabanga ngakho, kodwa izitatimende, okuyinto akhiwa amagama, amaqoqo kanye namagama (umsindo ngenkulumo) - konke ohlelweni. Semiotics ulunika nencazelo yalo oluphelele.

Ulimi - eyingqopha ekwakhekeni, ukukhonza yokugcina kanye ne-transmission umthamo ulwazi, kokuba engokoqobo. imisebenzi yayo - zokuxhumana kanye nokwaziswa okwenziwa abantu ahlukahlukene.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, zisebenzisa ezahlukene uhlamvu amakhodi, ezifana umbhalo, ulimi lwezandla, ifasitela lokuzula, ngo kohlaka ulimi Morse nabanye. Izilimi semiotics - I-nenqubo generalized kakhulu - kuthiwa selihlukene laba zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Siyaqhubeka lokumba sihloko okungukuthi uhlelo lolimi lwezandla.

Semiotics ulimi

Njengoba ubona, ulimi - abaseduze kithi isibonelo isakhiwo eyingqopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, naye semiotics kanye ebaluleke kakhulu izenzakalo, linendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo asizayo. Ulimi akuyona nje esebenzisa ulwazi, inkulumo kanye nomklamo futhi ukucabanga, imizwelo, indlela yokukhuluma, ie uhla nemisebenzi eyenziwa ebanzi kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqhathanisa, amasistimu isibonakaliso esikhethekile (endleleni, ngokuvamile yokufakelwa) ukudlulisela kuphela engavimba uhlobo kanye nenani ulwazi, noma ukwenza ukushintsha ikhodi yayo.

Izici nezinga lombiko ukusetshenziswa kolimi uma ziqhathaniswa amayunithi ezikhethekile. Kuthinta ngokuphelele zonke izindawo imisebenzi yesayensi ezingokoqobo. Akhethekile efanayo eyingqopha izakhiwo okunalokho uzkonapravlen.

Ulimi kwakhiwa eba phakathi kokusebenza, Ukulalela imithetho yasekhaya namathonya zangaphandle. izinhlelo uphawu Special zibangelwa isivumelwano eyodwa abantu yokufakelwa ngokuphelele.

izilimi Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo yokufakelwa

timphawu telulwimi uma siqhathanisa nabanye izinhlelo kuyinto ebanzi lukhulu. Siphinde okukhulunywa ukuthi umbandela esiyinhloko division of izilimi libabiza ku yokufakelwa kanye zemvelo. Manje sibheke kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili ngolimi kancane.

Ngakho, ulimi yemvelo - umuntu eze umuntu. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, akusiyo umuntu enza isenzo bayazi.

Mayelana izilimi yokufakelwa, njengoba umuntu engase ukuqagela, bona bathi ngenjongo wadala indlela yokubusa kwabantu ngezinjongo ezikhethekile. Ukudala izinhlelo yokufakelwa ngenxa yokuthi kwezinye izimo, ukungasebenzi kahle noma kungenzeki nhlobo ukusebenzisa izindlela izilimi zemvelo.

On umbuzo izilimi yokufakelwa

Sifunde ngokwanele ekucabangeleni kwengqikithi ethi: ". Ulimi okuyinkambiso izimpawu" Ibhekwa njengezwekazi izilimi ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo yokufakelwa. ngezigaba Bahlanganisa enjalo sub-zilwane, njenge:

- izilimi Lohleliwe - izindlela zokuxhumana ngamazwe; kukhona umsebenzi asizayo; lena Esperanto owaziwa, oqubuke kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule ngenxa yesithakazelo ayenaso;

- ngolimi olungokomfanekiso - izimpawu zezibalo, ngokomzimba, okunengqondo, amakhemikhali;

- ulimi zokuxhumana kwabantu imishini - lezi zihlanganisa izilimi izinhlelo.

Semiotics njengoba isayensi

Lolu cwaningo kumaka isihloko isayensi ekhethekile - semiotics, okuyinto ihlola umsuka, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ukuthi ukugcina bese udlulisa ulwazi. Semiotics etadisha izilimi zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa, kanye imigomo ejwayelekile obumba ngesisekelo ukwakheka kwazo zonke izibonakaliso.

Isayensi uhlola ulimi Ngomqondo obanzi, okungukuthi, esehlanganise ezemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Yemvelo ubhekwa esiyinhloko ukumodeliswa izinhlelo. izilimi yesibili kukhona futhi impucuko, ngoba ngabo abantu ayeba, ulwazi kanye nomthelela beqonda phezu kwezwe elisizungezile.

Secondary ukumodeliswa izinhlelo ehlukile ubizwa nangokuthi amakhodi kwamasiko. Isibonelo uhlelo uphawu - ikhodi kwamasiko: imibhalo kwamasiko, ngaphandle kolimi zemvelo. Ukuze siwaqonde kahle la imihlola, kubalulekile ukuba igama izibonelo ezishaya emhloleni zendlela azisebenzisa. Ngakho, indlela yethu yokuziphatha, zenkolo imibhalo, izinkolelo, imikhuba amayunithi (izinto, isebenza) yobuciko - konke lokhu kuyizinto yesibili ukumodeliswa izinhlelo.

izinhlelo ezinjalo zakhelwe ngomfanekiso ulimi yemvelo, kodwa zisetshenziselwa njengoba yokufakelwa: ensimini ezithile zomsebenzi, ukuze exchange of ulwazi oluthile. Lezi izinhlelo uphawu wafunda ngenhloso, ezinye zazo zitholakala kuphela amaqembu athile emphakathini. Ukuze uqhathanise, masikhumbule ukuthi ngolimi lwemvelo - impahla jikelele.

Yekuchumana Technical, izici, izibonelo

Ngaye ngaphambili kulesi sihloko, sabuka ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene ingqikithi inikezwe - uhlelo uphawu, izibonelo zalo, isigaba izincazelo. Manje ake sibheke kancane ngaphezulu izinhlobo zabo, enikeza izibonelo ngezinhloso engokomfanekiso. Ngeke abe nomkhawulo ulimi.

- izimpawu Yemvelo - zemvelo kukhona izinto ezithile acabanga ukuthi singakwazi baveza ezinye izenzakalo, noma yini engathathwa kokuhlaziywa. Bathwala ulwazi mayelana abayibiza ihlanganise. Nokho kungenziwa ngokuthi izimfanelo. Ngokwesibonelo, uphawu lwemvelo lomlilo zithunqe. Ukuze ahumushe kahle kubo, udinga ukuba ulidle olunye ulwazi.

- izimpawu Yisakhiwo sodumo - leyo izithombe zezinto kanye izenzakalo ezibonisa. Kungenjalo, ungabiza kubo izimpawu-izithombe. Avame wadala okwenziwe akunika ngamabomu umumo isici. ImiBhalo eyizibonelo ezinhle zezibonakaliso-izithombe sibona umculo: ukulingiswa wokuduma, birdsong, umsindo somoya, njll Lokho nje kukodwa engabonisi ifomu, kanye nezinye - okokusebenza ...

- izimpawu Functional - njengalezo kokuba umsebenzi kuncike kokwenzekayo. Izimpawu yokwenza lokho abantu ukuwafaka emisebenzini yabo. Zingamlungisa njengoba imininingwane lapho ungathola ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke indlela. Iqiniso ukuthi uthisha kuvula iphephabhuku ekilasini, kuwuphawu oluzayo inhlolovo abahlanganyeli. Okunye, amagugu yesibili umsebenzi amatshwayo iboniswa izimpawu - ikati elimnyama wagijima ngaphesheya komgwaqo - enkingeni, ukhamba kuletha injabulo.

- Izimpawu yilezi enembile: ke esayina izinhlelo isixwayiso. Sonke siyazi abakuzuzile Ilobhothi imibala, isibonelo.

- izimpawu ezivamile - yokufakelwa, wadala abantu ukuze likhuluma ngendalo ezithile. Nge ekubizweni isihloko awayona efanayo. Ngakho, isiphambano esibomvu - kusho i-ambulensi Zebra - abahamba ngezinyawo ibhuloho, njll ...

- Verbal uphawu izinhlelo - olimini olukhulunywayo. Mayelana ulimi njengoba uhlelo semiotic siye sakhuluma ngokwehlukile. Isibonelo uhlelo lolimi lwezandla thina ekhonjwe ngenhla.

- Izimpawu - Ekhomba into noma mkhuba izimpawu compact, nokuba value yesibili. Umsebenti wabo - nokuhlukanisa izinto eziningi la. Isibonelo: legend of ibalazwe, izimpawu isimo - ifulege, isibonakaliso neculo lesizwe.

- Indices - notation compact lezinto kanye izenzakalo. Ngezinye izikhathi nabo babe ukuma efana notation into.

isiphetho

Kulesi sihloko, thina wakhuluma obanzi kakhulu kwengqikithi ethi: "Uyini uhlelo uphawu", naye waletha izibonelo, kanye eceleni alalelwa ulimi. Ukwahlukanisa, sixoxe olufanele esigabeni samanje yentuthuko semiotics.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho ulimi njengoba uhlelo uphawu, umsebenzi ulimi nenjongo ukusetshenziswa kwaso, siphinde ezigqanyisiwe. Ngo parallel, sacabanga ngezigaba ezivame kakhulu ulimi izinhlelo - abayikho komuntu futhi engokwemvelo. Futhi waphetha ngokuthi ulimi - uhlelo uphawu, esebenza ukugcina, ukudlulisa kanye nokwaziswa umthamo. Sethemba, kuncike enezilimi-semiotic kwaba ezithakazelisayo ngawe!