Zil-158 - ibhasi lwedolobha nenkathi yamaSoviet

Amabhasi uhlobo Zil-158 yadalwa kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1960 efektri Zil. Kusukela ngo-1959, kuze kube ngo-1970, ukukhiqizwa baqhubeka efektri esifundeni Likino Likino-Dulyovo eMoscow. Zil-158 kwaba imodeli ethandwa kakhulu nenkathi yamaSoviet, ke wathola ngaphansi oda cishe yonke ibhasi mabutho wase-USSR. Omunye isitshalo ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele funa izwe, kodwa amazinga okukhiqiza ayemahle. Ngesikhathi isitshalo eMoscow Likhachev ezikhishwe 9515 amaloli Zil-158.

Ukushintsha isitshalo

Ngo-1957, ngosuku kuvulwa VI Umhlaba uMkhosi abafundi abasha, zathathwa futhi ugijime-180 imishini. ukukhiqizwa ibhasi Lonyaka emva ukudluliswa ukukhiqizwa e Likino-Dulyovo kwaba izimoto 213 ngo-1959, amayunithi 5419 ngo-1963, amayunithi 7045 ngo-1969. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange Likino ibhasi isitshalo mayelana amabhasi ayizinkulungwane 50 zavezwa iminyaka eyishumi. Ukukhululwa Zil-158 (Lee AZ-158) kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1971, izinto eziningi ezincane - kuze May 1973, lapho kokuqeda ikhophi okuyinto isibe umkhakha ukuhweba show umbukiso lowo nyaka ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-US wabuthelwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Bus Zil-158 kwaba ukuqhubeka imodeli sesimanje ZIS-155. umzimba wakhe awubange usakwazi by 770 amamilimitha angu. Passenger namandla athe xaxa okwengamela abantu ayisithupha, 32 ababengasekho sedentary. Yangaphandle Design imodeli 158th futhi ngokuphawulekayo olusha, amafasitela wathatha olunye uhlobo, ngaphambili iphaneli isibe zanamuhla, emuva wathola ukuma eziningana emincane, okuyinto basabela kahle fashion isikhathi. Zil-158, zazo zikhona izithombe esihlokweni ubuyekezwe ngesikhathi. Yesimanje wathinta injini powerplant babulokhu buqina ngamaphesenti angu-9.

isitimela umgwaqo

Ngo-1960, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma uchungechunge elincane langena isitimela ibhasi Zil-158 "Aremkuz-2PN", ehlanganisa i-trailer futhi ethwele imoto Zil-158. Isitimela wathola a strange igama "umshana" mbalwa futhi zaba bagijima emigwaqweni eMoscow. Ngemva kwadingeka eminyakeni emibili okusebenzela ifomu ezinjalo umgibeli traffic ukuba uyekwe ngoba trailer selulayisheke ngokugcwele kuphela rush ihora, zonke lonke isikhathi sasiqhubeka awunalutho. Noma kunjalo, umbono awuzange nya, futhi kamuva yasungulwa ngesimo inkositini-ibhasi.

Ngo-1960, ku-Likinsky isitshalo wethulwa uchungechunge ibhasi yesimanje Zil-158. Umshini ihlukile inguqulo eyisisekelo bamba lula, elilodwa-disk, ezomile. The bamba sekulula kakhulu, futhi iyunithi - eziqinile. On imoto usethe ukudluliswa kusuka Zil-164 emotweni ushintsho gear.

Nge imodeli olusha wakhumula lichanyuselwe top, okuyinto akwenzi mqondo ukusetshenziswa ezisemadolobheni, njengoba kushisa ungakwazi ukuvula amafasitela side.

Ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ithelevishini

Zil-158 imodeli ikufakazele ngempela isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, futhi iziteshi zethelevishini mobile zadalwa ku isisekelo salo. Lezi izakhiwo ezisebenza ngempumelelo kuze 1980. I gumbi ivulekile indawo kalula zonke izesekeli ezidingekayo, imishini umile, endaweni yokuphumula nokuthokomala iyunithi yokuhlela umsebenzi tekusebenta bese ubuyela ukusakaza bukhoma.

Sokuphehla amandla ngesikhathi ibhasi Zil-158 itholakala phambi isikhungo. Ebusika, injini bezinhlamvu ukhonza ukufudumeza gumbi kanye phambi gumbi. Mid umgibeli Isikhala ingxenye esemuva yalo futhi ukufuthelana ngu umoya oshisayo ivela injini ngenkani ngumuntu imbobo obukhethekile fan enamandla.

chassis

Shayela ukuya lamasondo angemuva ukudlulisa Ukujikeleza kusukela motor ngokusebenzisa umphini ngemibuzo emibili engxenyeni ethi amabombo esasinenjini. Ukumiswa njengoba akha phambi, nge iziphethu. Zonke-wheel drive isigwedlo ifakwe ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo. Ekupheleni ukukhiqizwa isikhashana emshinini efakwe entsha wokubacindezela ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo. Ngaphandle umzimba ukusikiwa nge zensimbi ezilula nge izipikili. Lapho eliphezulu upende ibhodi wabheka pretty yesimanje.

Ukususwa kusuka ukukhiqizwa kanye nokulahlwa

Zil-158 mabhasi eqhutshwa zonke izifunda zombuso waseSoviet Union futhi zazibhekwa zokuthutha elula yesimanje. Nokho, ukuphila umshini ingeqi iminyaka 8-10, ngoba umzimba ayisekho ukumelana. Enomthelela ukukhathala metal futhi ezifweni ukugqwala. Ngo-1973, i-Zil-158 esikhundleni kwafika imodeli entsha - LiAZ-677 futhi 158th kancane kancane asuswe kwendiza ukubhala off. Okokuqala umshini omdala waswela indawo ukuya khona, la mabhasi emi endaweni enomoya nezitini ezenziwe ngamalahle enophahla. Kodwa ngokushesha nabaholi bamabhizinisi baye baqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthenga cishe lutho ibhasi ukhululekile, futhi waqala ukusebenzisa i-ukuthengwa yokuphela-ukuphila izimoto.

Massively amabhasi ephelelwe yisikhathi ilahlwe engxenyeni yeminyaka engu-70 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka lesibili. Ngo-1976, 158th kwesokunxele emigwaqweni eMoscow, ngo-1977 - kusuka ezitaladini Minsk, ngo-1978, washiya nemizila eLeningrad. Ekuqaleni '80s eU.SSR cishe akukho nolulodwa Zil-158, okuyinto wayezokwenzani njengoba ukuthutha abantu. Ibhalwe off amabhasi uma uvunyelwe isimo sabo lobuchwepheshe, sashintshelwa amabhizinisi kanye neminyango kahulumeni, capitally kwalungisa futhi baqhubeka bekhonza iminyaka eminingi.