Uyini iso? Yini iso emzimbeni womuntu?

Ikhono ukuthatha ulwazi mayelana nezwe ngokusebenzisa umbono - amazing kakhulu futhi ewusizo ikhono lomuntu. Thina sihleli isithombe okwenzekayo, efana isithombe. Iso lakho "kudivayisi optical", okuvumela ukuba ubone emhlabeni futhi ukuthumela ulwazi mayelana nalo.

Amehlo - emzimbeni indoda

Ngokusho odokotela bengqondo, kusukela ngo-70 kuya ku-80% inani siyaqonda ongaboni. Uhlelo optical we iso, sengathi ikhamera ine ekhethekile ukukhanya ukudoba izindlela kubonakala siqhele kangakanani entweni ethile, futhi Ukuphatha ulwazi etholakale. Ngakho-ke yini emehlweni futhi indlela ukuhlela nendlela esibona ngayo?

Ugebhezi umzimba womuntu Itholakala enethiwekhi. Lezi izimbotshana akhiwa amathambo eziningana, kuhlanganise ongenhla, nesigaxa emise, latticed, zygomatic, frontal. Eye isokhethi kuyinto mbhoshongo, ichopho nozobamba kule ingaphakathi cranial, futhi nazi isiteshi ezibukwayo futhi slot ezibukwayo lapho ukuxhumana imizwa nemithambo yegazi isitho.

Uyini iso? Lokhu umzimba eyindilinga nge ububanzi of mayelana 24-25 mm, okuyinto ugcwele uketshezi ngaphakathi futhi siqukethe amagobolondo ezintathu. Movement of the inhlamvu yeso ngenxa umsebenzi imisipha eziyisithupha: elingenhla, ephansi, kwangaphakathi, yangaphandle, yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi skew etshekile. Ukuze kudivayisi-accessory futhi kufaka phakathi amajwabu amehlo, eyelashes, amashiya. Ungakhohlwa mayelana indlala lacrimal, okuyinto imfihlo izona futhi ngaleyo ndlela moistens kobuso iso.

Isakhiwo uthinta inhlamvu yeso

Uyini iso ngokuya biology? Kuyinto uhlaka emehlweni, okuyinto ligcwele ketshezi. Eye ukumboza ulwelwesi ezintathu: sclera, choroid futhi retina. Umsebenzi zinquma isakhiwo iso, isithombe oboniswe ngezansi.

Sclera - the thickest esweni. It wenza umsebenzi zokuzivikela, kodwa futhi ngaphambili ingxenye yakha i-cornea, okuyinto likhona nomzimba we-apharathasi optical. Ngesikhathi umngcele i-cornea kanye sclera iyona limbus endaweni efanele.

I choroid is sigcwele izitsha eziningi, ogama msebenzi amandla wonke umzimba. Lokhu izinhlobo ulwelwesi ciliary noma ciliary umzimba (imisipha), okuyinto unomthwalo ushintsho ugobile lens, ngamanye amazwi, yokuhlala. Futhi choroid esuselwe kuyinto samehlo, esingenawo umgodi phakathi - Umfundi. Umbala iris kakhulu inquma umbala amehlo wona: zingabantu onsundu, oluhlaza, gray noma okwesibhakabhaka.

Retina - iyona ingaphakathi iso. Lapha zitholakala zombala ezibukwayo sakhiwa rod futhi Izigaxa, okuyinto banesibopho bezibona nesithombe. Empeleni, i-retina ekuqaleni kwakhiwa isithombe okuhlanekezelwe, ulwazi okuyinto ke adluliselwa endaweni occipital we- cortex cerebral.

Iris uhlukanisa isifunda phakathi i-cornea kanye lens emakamelweni amabili: front kanye emuva zazo zigcwele amahlaya aqueous. Imisebenzi ukuthi kukhona umsoco ketshezi lens futhi cornea kanye ekuhlephuleni ugongolo ukukhanya.

The main zombala ezibukwayo

Uhlelo optical iso kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona isithombe umbala emini futhi omnyama nomhlophe ebusuku. Ukuze izakhiwo wemfanelo kuqala ezifana Izigaxa. Iningi lokuhlushwa yabo endaweni ye luteum Corpus, egxile iningi ukukhanya wathola.

Zombala abalandelayo Izigaxa:

1. Eritlab - unesibopho bezibona shades of red yellow.

2. Hlorolab - unesibopho bezibona bohlu oluhlaza yokukhanya.

3. iodopsin - unesibopho bezibona abandayo shades mpungana ka.

In the Izigaxa amnyama phezani umsebenzi, futhi esikhundleni sawo umsebenzi we Wand kuhlanganisiwe. Letakhi yakha isithombe omnyama nomhlophe, futhi lo mbala ukuthi unesibopho ke, ngokuthi rhodopsin. It is wafakazela ukuthi abantu abanokukhubazeka ezibukwayo ukubona kangcono ebumnyameni.

Uyini iso njengoba uhlelo optical?

Ukuze sibonise isithombe kuyi-retina esweni kufanele hit ugongolo ukukhanya kubonakala kusukela into. Lokhu ugongolo is refracted futhi sigxile esebenzisa ama-apharathasi eziyinkimbinkimbi optical esweni. Yini wetakhiwo yakha?

Izinga enkulu of kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona has a cornea. Libuye isakhiwo sokuqala indlela ugongolo ukukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho sidlula umfundi futhi refracted kancane ngenxa kwathatha medium liquid, njengoba kumaseli yiso amahlaya aqueous. Ngokulandelayo, ukukhanya refracted futhi uma kuziwa kuyi-lens iso.

Ngokuvamile, umsebe wokukhanya ukufinyelela luteum Corpus kuyi-retina. Uma ugxila engakafiki retina, kukhona isifo - myopia. Uma ukukhanya ewela endaweni retina, kukhona kude-okwesa-. Yilokho iso, futhi yini imisebenzi yenziwe isitho ifihlekile.