Izindlela Isayensi Yezepolotiki

Ngokuhamba kumiswa zomlando yokucabanga zezombusazwe kancane kancane savela eziyisisekelo izindlela zocwaningo e wezifundo zezombusazwe. Lokhu kwemvelo zomlando zingahlukaniswa zibe nezikhathi eziningana.

Isikhathi esibekiwe ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 kuba nenkathi yakudala. Phakathi nale nkathi, wezifundo zezombusazwe lwenteke izindlela ezifana zokuziphatha futhi aksiologichesky, okunengqondo-zefilosofi deductive.

Inkathi esukela ekhulwini le-19 kuya abacwaningi 20 ichaze njengenhlangano isikhathi yesikhungo. Ngalesi sikhathi, endaweni yokuqala kukhona izindlela zokulawula izikhungo, zomlando nokuqhathanisa wezifundo zezombusazwe.

Kusukela 20 kuya 70 yekhulu lama-20 yathatha behaviorist isikhathi. Kulesi sigaba advantageously imikhawulo ambalwa amasu wezifundo zezombusazwe.

Ngo yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu lama-20 beza isikhathi postbihevioristsky. Kulesi sigaba, ingxube izindlela zesintu kanye entsha othile wezifundo zezombusazwe.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika-Aristotle uPlato ngokuqhathanisa eyaziwa (ngokuqhathanisa) iyindlela sokuhlaziya nokuhlola le mfundiso. Kusekelwe ukuqhathanisa (noma ngaphezulu) bezinto ezimbili zezombusazwe. Ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi kungenzeka ukusungula izici ezivamile izinto noma ukuzimisela ukungezwani kwawo. Ukusetshenziswa Luhlatiyo zezombusazwe ivumela ukuthuthukiswa isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona yolwazi, aqinisekiswe, ukuhlola izikhungo, isipiliyoni, ukuziphatha kanye nezinqubo ngesisekelo ubudlelwano imbangela nemphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli thuluzi ikuvumela ukuba sibikezele imiphumela, izitayela kanye nentuthuko.

indlela lwezenhlalo othile wezifundo zezombusazwe kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi amasu kanye namathuluzi okucwaninga ethize lwezenhlalo. Lezizifundo esinqophe iqoqo nokucutshungulwa amaqiniso ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, okuyinto eyenzeka okwamanje. Esebenzisa ucwaningo lwezenhlalo kufanele labizwa ngokuthi imibuzo, ukuhlola, cwaningo izibalo, ucwaningo, ukumodeliswa zezibalo. Ngesisekelo eqoqwe material ocebile langempela kuba nokwenzeka ukufunda izinqubo kanye izenzakalo.

indlela Anthropological, esihlobene kobuntu, akuve kuvamile ukuba ukuhlaziywa izikhungo kwamandla, izindlela zokulawula yezenhlalakahle ezazikhona ikakhulu umphakathi pre-ezimbonini. Le ndlela singasebenza lapho ekuhloleni izinkinga ushintsho futhi lithathelwe izinsimbi ezivamile okulawula aphuma classical kumasistimu yesimanje.

Lolu cwaningo izindlela subjective yokuziphatha, ngezici zobuntu, izimfanelo siqu, indlela ejwayelekile nogqozi okunengqondo kwezombusazwe kusekelwe indlela ngokwengqondo othile wezifundo zezombusazwe. Kusekelwe imibono esivelele uSeneca, u-Aristotle, uRousseau Machiavelli, nezinye ongqondongqondo. Phakathi imithombo indlela yesimanje ngokwengqondo kukhona imibono ebalulekile psychoanalysis.

Ngandlela-thile, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa isayensi ezombusazwe wenza indlela behaviorist, eyasungulwa esikhundleni zomthetho. indlela Behavioristic for ukuhlaziya kanye nokuhlola esekelwe ezithile "individualization". Abalandeli le ndlela kubhekwa njengento Inqubomgomo mkhuba ezimele kwezenhlalo, uhlobo amaqembu yokuziphatha emphakathini (noma abantu), ebonakala nezisusa nezilungiselelo kokuba nobuhlobo obuseduze elibusayo namandla.

Ukusetshenziswa uchwepheshe ukuhlolwa njengoba indlela ukuhlaziywa kuwusizo lapho sisebenzelana imisebenzi ezihlukahlukene ezingewona formalizable. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa isinqumo zokuphatha, isibikezelo yentuthuko zezombusazwe, ukuhlolwa kwe-isimo.

Ukuze wenze uhlelo lokusetshenziswa cybernetic inqubo imodeli isebenzisa indlela yekuchumana. Kulokhu, lo ukuxhumana zezombusazwe ihlola ukusakaza kanjani ulwazi. Kulokhu, into esemqoka ikhambi futhi ukusabela kuso.

Indlela sekulingisa kuhlanganisa isifundo imihlola zezombusazwe futhi icubungula ngosizo ucwaningo nentuthuko onobuhle. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi namuhla kuyindlela ethembisayo.