Imibandela eyinhloko imbewu ukuhluma

Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezici biology yabo isakhiwo kanye ukuphila ukutadisha. Imigomo ukuhluma ucabangela igatsha lawo ngokuthi wezitshalo, okuyinto isakhiwo, sifaka incenye - isitshalo izitho zomzimba. izimo ezinkulu ezidingekile imbewu ukuhluma - iyona lokushisa elikhulu, umswakama, nokufinyelela mahhala umoya, isamba elanele kwezakhi ekuthuthukiseni embryo yoke, kanye imodi okukhanyisa. Bayobe sichaziwe ngezansi.

Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze imbewu ukuhluma

Imbewu kwakhiwa kusukela egciwaneni imbewu futhi Angiospermae kwakhiwa ngenxa kokukhulelwa double, S. Navashin evulekile ngo-1861, ukuhluma yakhe kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukufinyelela kwezimo ezifanele imvelo, ebizwa izici abiotic. Umbungu eziqukethwe imbewu futhi ehlanganisa impande kanye akushiyela stem-embryonic ziqala ukumila, sinqamukile le cuticle imbewu, futhi impande lokuqala imbewu livela. It luyaqina enhlabathini bese iqala ngokuzimela ncela amanzi kanye nezixazululo nosawoti amaminerali, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka umbungu.

Ngaphezu kwalezi izinto, ngoba imbewu ukuhluma futhi ukukhula kudingeka izinto eziphilayo ezifana isitashi, amaphrotheni namafutha. Bamukela umbungu noma cotyledons (y izitshalo dicotyledonous, ezifana uphizi, ikhukhamba, utamatisi, iklabishi), noma okunye ngokuqondile endosperm ekhona inhlanyelo izitshalo monocotyledonous (ukolweni, ilayisi, i-rye). Ngakho, evumayo izici abiotic futhi ukutholakala izakhi - lawa izimo ezidingekile ukuhluma.

izindlela bokuphila imbewu ukuhluma

Uma ubeka phambi msebenzi: Chaza indima izimo ezidingekile ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu, kungcono ukuqala izici ukukhanya bokuphila yalezi zinhlelo, ngokwesayensi ukuchaza izimo esemqoka ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni umbungu. Ngakho, ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu libizwa kanjani ushintsho kusuka ukuphumula ku ukukhula vegetative-embryo yoke, ukwakheka igciwane ngakho.

Imbewu yezinye izitshalo zingase ziqhume ngokushesha noma ngokushesha ngemva kwalowo ukuvuthwa. Izinhlobo eziningi zemithi, isibonelo, gymnosperms - sonwele zikaphayini, umsedari, futhi iningi izitshalo ihlathi herbaceous, imbewu abe isikhathi eside dormancy futhi ziqhume kuphela emva kweminyaka 1-2 noma ngaphezulu. Lesi sikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho, imifino esipholile zindawo ukuhluma is zishukunyiswa ongaphakeme amazinga okubanda ebusika. Ezinjalo kuyisici kwemvelo, ezifana ukukhanyisa, akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi zibe nomthelela nemibandela imbewu ukuhluma, njengoba iningi labo ukuthuthukisa ebumnyameni.

Inani lokushisa elikhulu

Imibandela ebaluleke kakhulu imbewu ukuhluma - a izici evumayo abiotic, kuhlanganise lokushisa uyazigcwalisa omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko. Ngo izitshalo agronomic ihlukaniswa njengoba abandayo ukumelana nokushisa-onothando. lehlukanisako njengalawo osebenza ku imbewu. Abanye, njengoJakobe imbewu isanqante kanye ulethisi, u-anyanisi, ziqhume ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi omuhle, abanye (ithanga, utamatisi, ukhukhamba) adinga ukuthi inhlabathi sekuqala ukufudumala lokushisa 10 - 12 degrees.

Ngo ukulima ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela yokuthuthukisa imbewu ukuhluma, ukufudumala yabo. Ungasebenzisa zikagesi kagesi, futhi imbewu isitshalo Cucurbitaceae umndeni: ukhukhamba, Ugalonci, amakhabe, okusanhlamvu (ubhontshisi, uphizi, usoya) ofakwe amanzi nge lokushisa 35-45 ° C, bese usebenzisa abandayo yomiswa. Amalahle imbewu amasonto elilodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini kwandisa amandla of ukuhluma, ekuvimbeleni ukubambezeleka uhlaza, kwandisa umkhiqizo.

Indima umswakama ukuhluma

Eqhubeka ukufunda izimo adingekayo le mbewu, sizogxila ukubaluleka kwamanzi. Ukuba khona kwawo enhlabathini ihlinzeka inqubo zokuzikhukhumeza imbewu elingenamikhono, ukusebenza isitashi hydrolysis. Self ukuhluma inqubo iqala nge sifakwe emanzini imbewu yenqwaba amanzi ezingenzeka embungwini agelezela ngokuqondile. amaseli wayo ngenkuthalo glucose futhi aqale ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha, ekhuthaza ukukhula impande sombungu. Ngokwesibonelo, imbewu beetroot zimunce amanzi e 1.2 izikhathi isisindo sayo, futhi clover - 1.5. Emikhayeni yangasese kabanzi indlela sifakwe emanzini imbewu emanzini, ekufezeni ukuhluma impande sombungu.

Umthelela-mpilo on ukuthuthukisa imbewu

Uma ucabangela izimo esiyinhloko imbewu ukuhluma, siphawula isidingo nokufinyelela mahhala umoya, esetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo ukuphefumula kakhulu imbewu oswakanyiswe. Kwezolimo, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ogobhozayo: ukuxuba imbewu emanzini ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya-mpilo noma emoyeni enikeziwe kusukela compressor. Ngokuvamile inkinga yayisenhliziyweni imbewu benomfutho ongaphakeme (izaqathe, parsnips, anyanisi).

Kuyini EM ubuchwepheshe?

Uma siphendukela agrarians esikhathi isicelo ukuze anqume imibandela ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu, ephendula, ngaphezu zonke izici abiotic eyaziwa, sizozwa isiphakamiso asebenzise amanxusa microbial, njengokuthi "iBaikal EM-1", equkethe acid acidosis, photosynthesis amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta, ezifana nemvubelo. Kulesi isixazululo izidakamizwa ofakwe Usululungele ekutshaleni imbewu amahora 2-3. Lobu buchwepheshe kuvusa inqubo yokukhula futhi kuqinise zamandla imbewu ukuhluma, futhi kwandisa amasosha omzimba izitshalo nezilokazane kwandisa isivuno.

scarification imbewu

Ukuze sicabangele zonke nemibandela ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu, kubalulekile ukuba bahlale kule ndlela njengoba scarification (umonakalo lebekiwe imbewu elingenamikhono ngesandla). Ngenxa yale njongo, nenye imbewu nge indawo esihlabathini noma insimbi imvuthuluka. Ngenxa ukugaya Testa lilimele. Le ndlela yokubamba izinhlanzi ngokushesha ezingenzeka embungwini uthola amanzi adingwa ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu.

imbewu pelleting

Ukuba khona izakhi zomzimba ezanele - isimo kubalulekile imbewu ukuhluma, ikakhulukazi labo babe usayizi encane, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuba imfuyo encane izakhi zabo. Imbewu utamatisi, u-anyanisi, izaqathe, iklabishi drazhiruyut, isb camera nge ungqimba organic izinto nutritive zokunamathela imbewu usebenzisa ikhambi isitashi - noma unamathisele of mullein asanda. Ngaphambi imbewu pelleting ulinganiswe, ukuthi kuhlungwa, kusale ifomu ngobukhulu futhi elungile kakhulu. Le ndlela ezinomthelela nemibandela imbewu ukuhluma, ikhuthaza futhi sithuthukisa ukuhluma yabo ubungqabavu.

Kulesi sihloko, izimo eyinhloko imbewu ukuhluma abangu yaqokomisa, okungukuthi umswakama, izinga lokushisa elilungile, kuncike zezimila nezinhlobonhlobo, khona-mpilo emoyeni futhi emhlabathini, i izakhi zomzimba ezanele sokuthuthukiswa embungwini yesimanje ngezindlela kwezimiso kuyathuthukisa imbewu ukuhluma .