Ukungaqiniseki Umgomo we Werner Heisenberg

Isimiso ukungaqiniseki itholakala endizeni quantum Mechanics, Nokho, ahlukanisa ngokugcwele ke, siphendukela ukuthuthukiswa physics bebonke. Isaak Nyuton futhi u-Albert Einstein, mhlawumbe zesayensi edume kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVII, yena washayelwa imithetho Mechanics classical, okuyinto angaphansi zonke izidumbu ezisizungezile, umhlaba subordinated ukuba inertia namandla adonsela phansi. Ukuthuthukiswa imithetho Mechanics classical, wahola izwe yesayensi ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX ukuba nombono wokuthi yonke imithetho eyisisekelo yendalo kakade evulekile, futhi umuntu ongachaza iyiphi esenzeka yonke.

theory ka-Einstein ye kwezinto

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, kwatholakala kuphela kuwukusika elijikayo, eminye ososayensi ucwaningo watshala, amaqiniso amasha ngokuphelele amazing. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX kwatholakala ukuthi wokusakazeka ukukhanya (elinendawo isivinini ezilinganiselwe 300 000 km / s) awekho ngaphansi imithetho Mechanics Newton. Ngokusho amafomula Isaaka Nyutona, uma umzimba noma igagasi wukukhanya umthombo ezihambayo, ijubane layo uma igijima kuyoba ilingana nenani lezinombolo omthombo ijubane lakho siqu. Nokho, izakhiwo negagasi izinhlayiya babe yinto ehlukile. ucwaningo oluningana luye lwabonisa kubo ukuthi electrodynamics, isayensi abasha ngaleso sikhathi, ukusebenza isethi ehlukile ngokuphelele imithetho. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, u-Albert Einstein, kanye German semithetho yesayensi yemvelo Max Planck wethula umbono wakhe odumile wokuhlobana kwezinto, echaza ukuziphatha izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Nokho, thina manje kubalulekile, singazicabangeli kakhulu essence yayo, njengoba yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi ukungavumelani avelele kwamagatsha amabili physics eziye zembulwa, ukuhlanganisa okuyinto, by the way, ososayensi bazama kube yilolu suku.

Ukuzalwa quantum Mechanics

Ekugcineni wabhubhisa nkolelo-ze yokungafi Mechanics classical we Ucwaningo olunzulu isakhiwo zama-athomu. Ukuhlolwa Ernest 'uRutherford ngo-1911 godu wabonisa ukuthi i-athomu yakhiwa ngaphezulu izinhlayiya emihle (okuthiwa ama-proton, neutron nama-electron). Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabo yasenzela phansi ku imithetho Newton. Ekuhloleni lezi ezinhlayiyeni ezincane futhi emenza amathuba amasha emhlabeni yesayensi postulates of quantum Mechanics. Ngakho, mhlawumbe, ukuluqonda oyinhloko yonke akuyona kuphela hhayi kakhulu ekuhloleni izinkanyezi, futhi ukutadisha izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo, anikeza isithombe ezithakazelisayo emhlabeni ezingeni micro.

I Heisenberg Ukungaqiniseki Isimiso

Esikhathini 1920, quantum Mechanics wenza izinyathelo zawo kuqala, kodwa abacwaningi kuphela
Siyaqaphela okukushoyo kubuhlungu kithi. Ngo-1927, i-physics German Werner Heisenberg washayelwa yakhe edumile ukungaqiniseki isimiso, ekuboniseni omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi microcosm kusukela ezisizungezile evamile. Siqukethe eqinisweni lokuthi akunakwenzeka ukukala kokubili isivinini kanye isikhundla kwezendawo into quantum kuphela ngoba nesilinganiso thina nomthelela, futhi ngoba nesilinganiso ngokwayo futhi kwenziwe ngosizo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Uma ngokuphelele trite: ekuhloleni into emhlabeni Macro, sibona ibonisa wakhe ulula futhi ngesisekelo lesi wenze iziphetho ngakho. Kodwa ngo -quantum physics nemiphumela ye photon ukukhanya (noma ezinye amagama ahlobene of nesilinganiso) kuyalithinta into. Ngakho, isimiso ukungaqiniseki ngokuthi nobunzima ecacile yokufunda kanye ukubikezela ukuziphatha izinhlayiya quantum. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyathakazelisa ngokwanele, kungenzeka ukukala eceleni ijubane noma isikhundla komzimba ngokwehlukile. Kodwa uma senza ulinganise ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayanda kuyoba idatha yethu ngesivinini, kancane esikwaziyo isimo sangempela, futhi okuphambene nalokho.