Kumiswa, Indaba
Inchazelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, imikhawulo kwabantu inkululeko yabo
Umqondo "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni", "imikhawulo kwabantu inkululeko yabo futhi ukulingana jikelele" abantu abaye baba "inhlanhla" ngijwayele lo mkhuba, aluthola libe nencazelo ehluke kakhulu futhi ziye esikhundleni selithi "emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo". Yini ukuba linqume njengoba iyisibusiso kubo bonke abantu, hhayi nje ezweni elilodwa, futhi omhlaba, bekuyiphupho nje izigidi zabantu, uye wadala ukwesaba nabangenasihawu, omashiqela olunegazi futhi kwaba ukungqubuzana ephelele ezimisweni zalo eziyisisekelo.
Ukuzalwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni njengoba izisekelo oda emhlabeni
Owasungulwa kwezombusazwe abazinze French kukhawulela ngabanye inkululeko socialism kwekhulu le-19 ziyabonakala emibhalweni noKarla Marksa, uPetru Alexeevich Kropotkin, Vladimira Ilicha Lenina nabanye abaningi. Kodwa muva nje, noma 1830s, uma unina amkhulelwe kuphela, lo ideologists kwaba umbono jikelele, kwakungekho isizinda esisodwa futhi ucishe ecacile umqondo lokuguqula lokwakuvamile isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Into kuphela zonke theorists bavumelana - isakhiwo lilonke umphakathi nje futhi okulinganayo, futhi kuzoba nenkululeko ngamunye amalungu ayo. Lokhu kwaba umqondo oyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni.
Izimpande zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni: kusukela Antiquity kuya Renaissance
Igama elithi - socialism, imikhawulo kwabantu inkululeko yabo - baba ezintsha ekhulwini XIX, kodwa baxoxa izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo awo. Izinkumbi abacindezelekile baye njalo sinwebiswe inkululeko yomuntu siqu, kodwa ambalwa bayaqaphela ukuthi inkululeko nokulingana zingenzeka kuphela ekwakhiweni komphakathi (social) isakhiwo ku isimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi kanye nenkululeko ngokugcwele esingenayo. Okokuqala ukubeka phambili umqondo wokwakha umphakathi sezenhlalo, uPlato waba okushiwo it in the "State" ingxoxo. Phinda lezi zomgunyathi nezindaba eziphathelene Aristophanes, rites imibono yabo ngesimo yamahlaya e yakhe "trendsetter." EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani esalulama savagery ephakathi, imibono sezenhlalo abalobi basendulo wasiphakamisa Ukukhanyiselwa nakancane Thomas More wayesebenzisa futhi Tommaso Campanella, kodwa konke lokhu "baqede" kanzima ukuyiveza ngengozi yokulawulwa yiSonto LamaKatolika.
Imibono eziyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni washayelwa ekhulwini XX
Hhayi kanye abangu washayelwa imikhawulo ngabanye inkululeko ndawonye. Ithebula efanayo imiyalezo ukhiye libukeka kanje:
| uhlelo isilinganiso | Ukuhlala zabasebenzi. |
| Impahla entsha wadala | Ukuhlala zabasebenzi. |
| Ukukhiqizwa yokugcina umkhiqizo ngesimo ezidayiswayo ephethwe | Isisebenzi ekwabeni amandla. |
| Isisebenzi uthola zokuphila zabasebenzi | Umthengi izimpahla namasevisi mahhala noma ngokusebenzisa ukuhweba Soviet emshikashikeni umnyuziki etshaliwe. |
| ukukhiqizwa kusho umnikazi uthola | Yekela. Akukho nzuzo. |
| Ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza | Yesisebenzi ukutshala yomsebenzi wabo ukuze ubhalisele goszaem. |
| ukuphathwa zokukhiqiza kanye sengqondo impahla | Ukusebenza abantu yonkana Council uyoqoka trustee. |
| Amalungelo yefa emphahleni lekhicitwako | Esisizuze ngefa kuphela ubuyiselwe imali yengcebo izibopho, ufaneleke ukuthola kabusha utshalomali is hhayi ngofuzo. |
Nokho, ungakwazi ukwengeza kokuletha izifushaniso futhi lokhu okulandelayo:
1. Khansela nekucedza oluphelele lwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhaphaza, okwenza izinceku isigaba abacindezelwe.
2. Ukukhansela nokubhujiswa ekilasini ukwahlukana futhi njengoba ukungalingani enjalo ngokuvamile.
3. Gcwalisa ukuqedwa amalungelo lesigaba esibusayo, ezothando ka onke amanye amalungelo nenkululeko.
4. yokukhansela Okugcwele noma olungaphelele oludala futhi sibe nemicabango emisha yakhelwe ukukhonza okuhle ovamile.
5. Ukudalulwa kokuhlomula nenkululeko kanembeza, kwakuwukuthi ibandla izithakazelo kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi.
6. Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi esisha, umphakathi okuqhubekayo isimiso ukulingana komphakathi nobulungisa.
7. Ukwamukelwa inhlonipho njalo lomphakathi, umshikashika wakhe impahla kanye nenkululeko.
8. Wokukhuthaza emphakathini sengozini inhlalakahle kanye ebenza into yomntakabani.
9. Ukwethulwa uquqaba ezibanzi lamanani collectivist linqobe ukwazi individualistic.
10. Ukusungulwa nemave yesigaba sabasebenzi, oqinisekisa inkululeko, ukulingana nobuzalwane bazo zonke izizwe.
Lona iziphakamiso main ukuthi socialism ahlinzekwa. Imikhawulo kwabantu inkululeko yabo e abaningi babo musa acabangele noma waphikisa siqu ngezindinganiso zalo eziyinhloko.
isisekelo Socialist: aphuma theory ukuzijayeza
Mhlawumbe French kwezombusazwe abazinze sezenhlalo phakathi nekhulu XIX, like-Saint-Simon, Amafomu, Fourier, nezinye Dezamy ngokwabo wayekukholelwa lokho okulotshwe wamemezela. Kodwa ngaphansi socialism kubhekwe imikhawulo kwabantu inkululeko yabo, uquqaba ukufunda kuphela umkhuba, ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Socialist French siphaphama silo ithule. Kodwa wave linemibhikisho nokuvukela adumile okwadlanga eYurophu kule minyaka 1848-1849, akazange afinyelele imigomo yayo. Ukukala imikhawulo inkululeko yabo, ukulingana, ubuzalwane futhi konke socialism wamemezela, isintu ayengakwenza kuphela ngemva Okthoba Revolution-1917 eRussia. Futhi laba bantu abangenandaba aqokomisa "uhlelo nelinganako," becabanga ngalokho akubona walibiza ngokuthi "isifo abomvu". Kithi, kuba izinsalela, kodwa thina Manje usuyakwazi ukubona sokusebenzela imikhawulo kwabantu inkululeko yabo ngenkazimulo yabo bonke ngesibonelo Cuba kanye North Korea.
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