Impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878 (ngokufingqiwe): izimbangela, izenzakalo ezinkulu, imiphumela

Abantu besikhathi Abaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, izazi-mlando eziye ngizinake enjalo umcimbi njengoba impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878. Kafushane, kodwa esiphezulu etholakalayo ukuxoxa lesisiqephu emlandweni Russia. Phela, wayehawukela, njenganoma iyiphi impi, noma kunjalo, ukushiya umlando iminonjana isimo.

Zama ukuqonda lesi senzakalo, njengoba Russian-Turkish impi 1877-1878g., Kafushane, kodwa kusobala kakhulu. Okokuqala, abafundi abavamile.

Impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878 (kafushane)

Nabaphikisi esemqoka ye zinqobe kwakungamadodana Russian kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Ngo izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile ezenzeka phakathi kwalo. Impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878 (kafushane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko) ushiye nokuncane emlandweni cishe zonke lamazwe iqhaza.

Ohlangothini Izimbobo (uyamukeleka umlando igama yoMbuso WaseTurkey) babe Isi-Abkhazian, Dagestan futhi Chechen izihlubuki, kanye Polish ngizodedelwa.

Russia, esikhundleni salokho, asekelwe aseBalkan.

Izimbangela iMpi Russian-Turkish

Okokuqala, sichaza kwezimbangela eziyinhloko empini Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878 (kafushane).

Isizathu esiyinhloko empini kwaba nokwanda okuphawulekayo in ukwazi kazwelonke kwezinye lamazwe aseBalkan.

Lolu hlobo isimo umphakathi ahlanganiswa April ukuvukelwa Bulgaria. Unya futhi unya, okwakubekelwa ukuyiveza ngokuhlubuka Bulgarian, kwaholela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu (ikakhulukazi Russian Empire) ukukhombisa ukuba amaKristu ensimini ka-Turkey, uzwela.

Esinye isizathu sokuba kokugqashuka ubutha khona ukuhlulwa Serbian empini Serbo-baseMontenegro-Turkish, futhi wehluleka waseConstantinople lenkomfa.

Inkambo empini

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I ukuphakamisa cabanga inkambo impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878 (kafushane).

April 24, 1877 uMbuso Russian ngokusemthethweni impi ukuze alwe Porte. Ngemva-Archbishop uPawulu Chisinau umbukiso ngesikhathi isiguqo lo mbusi ukufunda Manifesto ka-Alexander II, esikhuluma ngezinyoni ekuqaleni imisebenzi yezempi ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Ukuze ugweme ukungenela kwamazwe aseYurophu, empini kwakudingekile ukuba aqhube "fast" - ibe inkampani eyodwa.

Ngo-May ka lowo nyaka ibutho Empire Russian kwangena Insimu isimo Romanian.

amabutho Romanian, ziqala ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ingxabano ohlangothini Russia nabasizi balo, ngemva nje kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemva kwalesi senzakalo.

On inhlangano nokulungela yebutho Russian kakhulu nomthelela izinguquko lempi eyenziwa phakathi nesikhathi uMbusi u-Alexander II.

Isakhiwo ibutho Russian lalinabashumayeli abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-700. Phakathi yoMbuso WaseTurkey kutsini-oda abantu abayizinkulungwane 281. Naphezu eside bokuphakama kwamanani isiRashiya, inzuzo enkulu abaseTurkey kwakuwukuba futhi ukuhlomisa ibutho elinezikhali yesimanje.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMbuso Russian zazihlose ukuchitha lonke wempi ezweni. Iqiniso lokuthi oLwandle Olumnyama kwaba ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokulawula abaseTurkey, neRussia bavunyelwa ukwakha imikhumbi yabo kolwandle kuphela ngo-1871. Kungokwemvelo ukuba esikhathini esifushane kangaka kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba aphakamisele lwemikhumbi eqinile.

Lokhu zinqobe lwenziwe ngezindlela ezimbili: in the Asian nabaseYurophu.

yaseshashalazini European empi

Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, ne ekuqaleni kwempi, amabutho Russian kwangena eRomania. Lokhu okungenziwa ukuze kuqedwe iDanube imikhumbi yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Empire, okuyinto elawulwa owela iDanube.

Turkish emfuleni weqembu lemikhumbi ayikwazanga aphebeze izenzo amatilosi isitha futhi ngokushesha Dnieper waqhubeka ngomfutho amasosha Russian. Kwakuwusuku isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile isiqondiso waseConstantinople.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni amabutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ukuvinjezelwa Pleven, elaqala Julayi 20, 1877.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaseTurkey bakwazi bopha kafushane amasosha Russian futhi sithole isikhathi ukuze aqinise Istanbul futhi Edirne, ukushintsha phakathi nempi, kepha bahluleka. Ngenxa yezenzo nokuwubuwula we wamabutho yoMbuso WaseTurkey, Pleven Disemba 10 umaluju.

Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, ibutho ekhona Russian, okuyinto olunezinombolo ngaleso sikhathi amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 314, ukulungele kabusha azilwele.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokumelene Porte iyaqala ubutha Serbia.

23 Disemba 1877 egasele aseBalkan kwenza squad isiRashiya, ngubani okwamanje iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Gurko Romeyko-lapho kwakuhlezi Sofia.

27-28 Disemba kwakukhona nokuhilizisana endaweni Sheinovo, wakhe ubuhanjelwe amaviyo iqembu Southern. Umphumela le mpi kwaba encirclement nokubhujiswa ayizinkulungwane 30 ibutho Turkish.

Januwari 8 amabutho Empire Russian ngaphandle ukumelana ingenye amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo ibutho Turkish sathathwa - emzini Edirne.

yaseshashalazini Asian empi

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye isiqondiso Asian empini kwakungu ukuphepha kwe imingcele yayo, futhi isifiso sokuthutha baphule kobuholi Empire isiRashiya, abaseTurkey agxila ngokukhethekile ethiyetha European empi.

Umsuka wegama inkampani ubhekwa ka Caucasian ukuvukela Isi-Abkhazian, owenzeka ngo-May 1877.

Ngesikhathi ngilapho amasosha Russian washiya umuzi wase Sukhum. Ngiyitholile emuva kuphela ngo-August.

Phakathi isenzo ngesikhathi amabutho Transcaucasus Russian ayeyithumbile citadels abaningi, izinqaba netinsika: Bayazit, Ardahan, njll

Engxenyeni ehlobo 1877 izimpi zase okwesikhashana "simisiwe" ngenxa yokuthi zombili ayelinde azowalekelela yesibili.

Kusukela ngo-September, Russian waqala unamathele lokuvimbezela amacebo. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, esenziwa emzini Kars, okuyinto wayivula kanjani indlela eya ngokuwina Erzurum. Kodwa eqhoqhobelele akazange athathe indawo ngenxa isiphelo sesimiso San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano.

I ngokwalesi kuthula, ngaphezu Austria naseNgilandi, ayenganelisekile nge Serbia futhi Romania. Kukholakala ukuthi baye babamba iqhaza elikhulu empini zazingahambisani baziswa at kuwufanele ngempela. Lokhu kwaba ukuzalwa isiqalo esisha - Berlin - Congress.

Imiphumela impi Russian-Turkish

Isigaba sokugcina ngamafuphi impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878 (kafushane).

Aye akhula ngendlela kwemingcele Empire Russian: ikakhulu, ngokwengxenye yayo ye eBessarabia esanda langena, elalahleka ngesikhathi seMpi YaseCrimea.

Ukuze athole usizo yoMbuso WaseTurkey okuzivikela kusukela eCaucasus isiRashiya, England ibekwe amaviyo alo esiqhingini saseKhupro eMediterranean Sea.

Russian-Turkish impi ka 1877-1878. (Kafushane ukuxoxa nathi kulesi sihloko) odlale indima enkulu kwamaZwe.

It emenza sinyathelo kancane kancane kude kwesimo phakathi kwe-Empire Russian kanye UK ngezizathu zokuthi izwe waqala ukugxila kakhudlwana nezinzuzo zazo siqu (isib Russia wayenesithakazelo woLwandle Olumnyama, naseNgilandi - Egypt).

Izazi zomlando nababekade impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878. Kafushane, ngokuvamile elichaza umcimbi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule mpi akuthathwa njengephutha isenzakalo esibaluleke ngokukhethekile emlandweni isimo isiRashiya, ke eyingoduso ekuhloleni inani elikhulu mlando. Abacwaningi eyaziwa kakhulu, ogama umnikelo imakwe njengoba ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi LI Rovnyakova, OV Orlik, FT Konstantinov, EP Lviv, njll

Baye Umlandvomphilo wafunda ka izinduna iqhaza futhi abakhuzi bempi, izenzakalo ezithile eziqavile, wafingqa impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878, kafushane echazwe ezincwadini okufakiwe. Njengokulindelekile, bonke lokhu kudlule ngeze.

Economist AP Pogrebinsky babekholelwa ukuthi neMpi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878, kafushane futhi ngokushesha ukuqedela ukunqoba umbuso Russian futhi kuncike kubangane bawo ke kuye kwaba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu emnothweni. Indima ebalulekile lokhu eyadlalwa ukubusa eBessarabia.

Ngokusho sezombusazwe Soviet UNikolai Belyaev, lo empini wayengabonisi ubulungisa, nemvelo okuzingela esiphathiswa. Lesi sitatimende, ngokuvumelana umlobi wayo, langempela futhi isihlobo uMbuso isiRashiya, futhi maqondana echwebeni.

Ungase futhi bathi iMpi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878, kafushane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, okokuqala yabonisa impumelelo izinguquko ibutho lika-Alexander II, kokubili ukuhlela futhi ngobuchwepheshe.