2nd isiBelorussia Front: Commander, ukubunjwa, ngilwa indlela yakho

Ngesikhathi yokugcina qophelo yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, lapho amabutho aseSoviet kwase iphinde ithunjwe kusukela amaJalimane insimu yonke le RSFSR kwamiswa 2nd Front isiBelorussia. Babili kumiswa likasoseshini, okuhlanganisa wamabutho eziningana.

Ukwakheka lokuqala

Februwari 17 kwanqunywa esebumba 2nd Front isiBelorussia e Supreme Command. ukukhishwa esinqumweni lenzeka ngoFebhuwari 24. Ngaphambili entsha engena Army (47 th, 61 th, 70 th), okuyinto wasebenza ngawo Polesie - isifunda ngasemngceleni ophakathi Belarus ne-Ukraine. Lapha, amaJalimane zigcinwe sethubeni elihle, naphezu ukunqotshwa okukhulu empumalanga. amasosha Wehrmacht labetibambile emizini ebalulekile ukuba baphinde ukuthi kwakungelula. Ngenxa yokuthi isinyathelo amasu empini ngokuqondile wathutha kokuphindela eSoviet Union, uStalin wafuna u ukushesha esiphezulu isinyathelo, kube ngowokuqala eJalimane ukuze uthwebule Berlin. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba owalubhada inhlabathi isiJalimane, le amasosha aseSoviet kwadingeka adlule Belarus nje kuphela kodwa futhi Poland.

2nd isiBelorussia Front eholwa uLieutenant General Pavel Kurochkin. UMphathi Abasebenzi baba ULieutenant Gen. uVladimir Kolpakchi. Laba bantu kwaholela Polesskaya operation okuhlaselayo, okwaqala ngo-March 15 kuya ku-April 5, 1944. Injongo eyinhloko yawo amabutho aseSoviet kule ndawo okwakuseduze layo umuzi Kovel. Futhi parallel ukuthuthukisa okuhlukumezayo isiqondiso eMfuleni Pripyat.

Retreat kusukela Kovel

Kwakukhona izigaba amaqembu German "Isikhungo" futhi "South". Ngokusho kwakhe igalelo jikelele washaywa, futhi amabutho aseSoviet kafushane ephethwe ukuvimba Kovel, okuyinto nokho akazange adikibale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Wehrmacht yakhishwa izinqolobane ababe amaJalimane langemuva. 2nd isiBelorussia Front okulahlekile. Ngokushesha kwaba nokuntuleka lubonakale kwamandla, okuyinto umyalo Soviet mbibi ukuvala leso sikhala. Isizathu walala yokuthi amazinga uqhubeke ukugcizelela ukuhlaselwa okusheshayo, kungakhathaliseki isimo lwabasebenzi. Amasosha ayesemnyango phambi, akamshiyanga izinyanga eziningi, futhi sivele sidlulile imashi amakhulu amakhilomitha.

Ngenxa zonke lezi izizathu ngaphambili kuhlulekile ukwenza umsebenzi walo main - ukukhulula Kovel. Nokho, isisekelo esihle sesikhathi esizayo lwenziwe. AmaJalimane kontrnastupat wayebuye lutho, ngakho ukuthi kwadlula isikhathi esithile impi banda baba positional. Apreli 5, yahlakazeka 2nd Front isiBelorussia. Umkhuzi Pavel Kurochkin got a target entsha.

ukusebenza isiBelorussia

Kodwa, ngemva nje kwamasonto ambalwa, ngo-April 24, 2nd isiBelorussia Front kwamiswa kabusha. kumiswa yakhe yesibili waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi futhi yahlakazeka ngo-June 1945. Ngonyaka owandulela umsebenzi phambi kwakhe ekugcineni khulula Belarus.

Ngo-May, ngaphambili ibutho kwaholela izimpi positional, balinde isiyalelo okwesikhathi okuhlaselayo entsha. Saqala ngo-June 23, lapho i-oda ukuze uye phambili futhi wanika namanye amaqembu. Akuzange ukuhlaselwa nalehleliwe amabutho aseSoviet wona, eyayibonakala kabusha ngemva ukusikhohlisa spring babekulungele futhi qhubeka ekuphishekeleni ayesebuyela amasosha aseJalimane.

Ngo ukusebenza isi-Byelorussian ubuhanjelwe Front hhayi kuphela 2nd isiBelorussia, kodwa futhi 1st Baltic (umkhuzi - Ivan Bagramyan), 3rd isiBelorussia (umkhuzi - Ivan Chernyakhovsky), 1st isiBelorussia (Konstantin Rokossovsky). Ekuqaleni imisebenzi kwezinhloko zamaviyo laseSoviet abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha, izinkulungwane amathangi kanye wezikhali izicucu.

Mogilev wokuhlasela

Ngobusuku obandulela le Jikelele omusha wabahola 2nd isi-Byelorussian Front. Umkhuzi Ivan Petrov wathola wamabutho eziningana, kuhlanganise 50th kanye 4th Air Force.

Ekupheleni kuka June, inhlangano amasu nengxenye operation Mogilev. Phakathi izikhundla wakhe isitha nje kwaphulwa ngesonto, wawela uMfula i Dnieper futhi Pronya. Badedelwa lapho babevalelwe khona emizini ebalulekile enjengaseKorinte Mogilev, futhi Bykhov Shklov. Army Iqembu "Isikhungo" lithole igebe elikhulu, elingase isibe yayo Achilles esithendeni. Endleleni ye-2nd Front isi-Byelorussian kwaba 12 Infantry Division yama-Jalimane, lapho labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Futhi ngesikhathi airstrike wabulala umkhuzi odumile yasebusosheni ithangi Austrian Robert Martinek.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uLieutenant General Georgiy Fedorovich Zaharov wahola 2nd isiBelorussia Front. Ukulwa endleleni yalesi kumiswa badabula ixhaphozi obukhulu lapho kwakunzima ukulwa namaJalimane eSoviet abavamile.

ukusebenza Bialystok

Ngokushesha, ngaphambili ibutho wathatha iqhaza ekuqhutshweni Bialystok ukuthi yayiyingxenye ukusebenza isiBelorussia. I okuhlaselayo elisha laqala ngo-July 5 kanye owaphela ngomhlaka 27 Julayi. Engxenyeni ehlobo bengaphambili thina lisebenzisane Amabutho abasha Jikelele Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, ngubani lona lishone kabuhlungu e yaseMpumalanga Prussia ezinyangeni lokugcina impi.

Julayi 24, agcine ekhululiwe emzini Belarusian ka Grodno. Phambili - komngcele ePoland. Kwaba phezu namakhulu amakhilomitha, okuyinto agodliwe 2 isiBelorussia Front. Ukwakheka amabutho njalo olusha kanye ningatholakala entsha ababevela langemuva, amanxeba abo noma kokuphothula yashesha izifundo zokuqeqesha amasosha. Belarus ususuliwe yi Wehrmacht.

Julayi 27 Soviet Army langena Bialystok. Kukulo muzi yokuqala enkulu futhi ezibalulekile Polish, okuyinto ishiywe abahlaseli isiJalimane, abafika lapha ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili, ngo-1939. ukusebenza Bialystok siphelile futhi kukhishwa Belostok C.

ukusebenza East Prussian

Ngo-November, inhloko yabangamashumi phambi senziwa Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. Uma sekuyophela ihlobo noma ngokusebenzisa ekwindla, amabutho aseSoviet aphinde ngaqina emzimbeni ukuze senze intuthuko ePoland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phambi kwaba yaseMpumalanga Prussia - umphakathi isiJalimane, okuyinto lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo kakade ingeyamakhosi Third Reich. Kube khona edolobheni ebalulekile Koenigsberg, kanye "Lair Wolf sika" - izinga eyinhloko-Adolf Hitler, lapho ehola kuhlasela iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu, ngenkathi isimo esifundeni akubi ngempela omubi ngenxa Wehrmacht.

Januwari 13 waqala ukusebenza East Prussian, wakhe ubuhanjelwe 2 Front isiBelorussia. Uhlu kubahlanganyeli impi omkhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba ahole. emagama ebalingisi walondoloza ezigciniwe imibhalo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1945, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.6 wathatha iqhaza ekuqhutshweni.

Uma 3rd isiBelorussia Front wathutha maqondana eKönigsberg, 2 waya neMarienburg (Malbork Poland yesimanje). Isenzo sabo esihleliwe kufanele eziholela encirclement wayo yonke eMpumalanga Prussian yokwenza iqembu le-Wehrmacht. Ngokwengxenye enkulu kwaba ubhoko "Isikhungo" (ngoJanuwari uqambe "North") of the Army Group.

Mlavsko-operation Elbingskaya

Januwari 26 amasosha aseSoviet okuqondene 2nd Front isi-Byelorussian, wafika loMfula emfuleni Vistula. Kuleminyaka amasonto amabili, amabutho aseSoviet wona ngempumelelo Mlavsko Elbingskuyu-operation. Kwathiwa athumba i foothold ezibalulekile eduze edolobheni Bromberg. Ekugcineni wawa neMarienburg, ngokuvumela amabutho behlukanisa i okuhlukumezayo Pomerania. I Masurian Lake District esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe tshoda 2nd Wehrmacht Army. Futhi zonakala Army 4.

East Pomeranian wokuhlasela

Kusukela Februwari 10 kuya ku-April 4, baqhubeka East Pomeranian okuhlambalazayo, wakhe ubuhanjelwe 2 Front isi-Byelorussian. 1945 wathembisa ube nempumelelo, kodwa kukhona namanje kwaba esifundazweni enyakatho-Polish, kanye Berlin.

Ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zale okuhlaselayo lo amabutho aseSoviet ephethwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhilomitha angu-40 kuphela. Ngenxa ukulahlekelwa esindayo nokungakwazi ukusebenza eminye kusengaphambili imisiwe kafushane. Februwari 24 ohlanganiswe phambi Army 19 kanye 2nd Shock Army. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukukhuthaza edolobheni Keslin (Koszalin yesimanje). AmaJalimane inkani ngenkani, nazi ukuthi zona lezo ukubaleka ngokuvamile kukhona kwenye indawo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le 1st isiBelorussia Front ukungisiza Rokossovskogo iqembu. isinyathelo ehlelekile zombili avunyelwe ukuphula ekumeleleni ibutho lamaJalimane. Kwakuthinta uthathe izizwe eziningana ezincane, ngamunye okuyinto, noma ukubaleka, noma abanye. Mashi 5, amabutho aseSoviet lifika ngasogwini oLwandle iBaltic. Ekupheleni kwenyanga kuyinto port ebalulekile eDanzig (Gdansk) lathunjwa. ukusebenza East Pomeranian yaqedwa ngempumelelo. A indima enkulu lesi sinqumo, ababedlala Front yesibili isi-Byelorussian. Ukwakheka waklonyeliswa izindondo ezihlukahlukene futhi oda. Kwamenywa abantu baklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union.

ukusebenza Berlin

Phambili kwaba impi ewumnqamula-juqu, nakuba umphumela impi kakade kucace kuwo wonke amaqembu. Umbuzo wawuwukuthi kuphela abayizisulu ngowokuqala yehle Berlin - Soviet Army noma Western oMfelandawonye. Iosif Vissarionovich uStalin wafuna ukunika Churchill kanye Roosevelt. Kusukela zonke izinduna zakhe, wabuza ngasiphi isinyathelo intengo phambili, kungakhathaliseki inani efile. lemihlatshelo yabantu sebebaningi kakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, phambi kwaba phambili. ukusebenza Berlin iqale ngo-Ephreli 16. Okokuqala-ke waqhubeka ngomfutho Oder, okuyinto umngcele wemvelo phakathi Poland naseJalimane. Ibutho laseSoviet wathutha kanyekanye by amakhilomitha angu-200, oniselwa asele amabutho aseJalimane. On Victory Day, Meyi 9, Army 19 abamba iqhaza ukufika esiqhingini Danish ka Bornholm. Ngokuvamile, i-2nd isiBelorussia Front asibekela nezenzo zabanye amayunithi, okuyinto ngqo afakwe Berlin.

Inani

Amabutho we 2nd Front isi-Byelorussian phakathi nonyaka ukhona, ekhulula wonke Belarus. Baphenduka balwa off amaJalimane enyakatho yePoland, abe usizo olukhulu bendawo emzabalazweni yayo ngokumelene abahlaseli. Ekugcineni, impi, umnyango ngaphambili, waba nengxenye Battle of Berlin. Ehlobo lika-1945, phambi lalenziwa Northern Iqembu Amandla, kwaba eJalimane kokuphindela eSoviet Union.