Rurik: Biography, azalwe umlando

Omunye izibalo Ayindida kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lethu umsunguli Old isimo Russian - Prince Rurik. Umlando wakhe ugcwele puzzle, izimpendulo lapho mlando uzama ukuthola amakhulu eminyaka. Ulwazi ukuthi baye wakhothoza ikakhulu kusukela indaba kwekhulu XII, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". yesakhi Its ngokwesiko kubhekwe indela we Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor, abagcotshwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox kwabangcwele.

Rurik. Biography, egcwele nezimfumbe

In the mpikiswano emayelana nemvelaphi yezinto isikhulu, ososayensi ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana. Lezi ikakhulukazi Abasekeli imvelaphi yakhe zaseScandinavia labo kholwa weza ke Owesizwe lwamaSlav entshonalanga - Obodrits ophilayo kanye sifinyelela engezansi Elbe futhi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Saxony yesimanje. Omunye imicabango uzwakalise ekhulwini XIX, liyibiza nombusi obuphakeme Denmark lasendulo - Rorikom, wehlela emlandweni elikhulu lokuba umnqobi asabekayo umnqobi bahlanganisa izizwe eziningi.

Kuyinto evamile nokuba ukukholelwa ukuthi isizwe (noma iqembu komphakathi), kusukela elafika Rurik, wabizwa ngokuthi "Rus". Lokhu kunqunywa igama State esikhathini esizayo, saliphi ukuthi uyasho, kanye ubuzwe kwezakhamuzi zawo. Yiziphi imisuka yobuzwe we temandla, ke usalokhu uyimfihlakalo lolu suku, njengoba ebufakazini obunokwethenjelwa ukusekela eyodwa noma omunye umbono, incane kakhulu. Kungaba kuphela ngezinga elithile ukuzethemba ukusho ukuthi Russ wenza ichopho adalwa isimo nesimo esiphuthumayo kwesikhulu.

Ukudala isimo Slavic

Umlando Rurik echazwe Nestor, lithi e 862 izizwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi Chud, lonke, Krivichi futhi Ilmen lwamaSlav, yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba ukuhlanza wonke amazwe awo. Ngenxa yale njongo, they mema ukubusa kwabo Varyag - ababevela eScandinavia. Futhi, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi edume Prince Rurik. Umlando wakhe iqala neqiniso ukuthi, njengoba ayefike eNovgorod nokumisa kokubusa kwawo lapho, wakwazi ukuphinde abuthele sezwe ziningi disparate elele eduze Volkhov. Kamuva, wakwazi ukwakha isimo esinamandla ngaleso sikhathi, bajoyine Novgorod futhi Kievan Rus.

Izimfihlakalo ezihambisana ne ukubonakala Rurik eRussia

Umbuzo version kanjani emlandweni eyiqiniso efikile eRussia, ngokuthi "amaViking Calling", kungaphansi izingxoxo lososayensi. Kukhona abagxeki abathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi eqinisweni kwakube ekuhlaselweni yizimpi amaNorseman esasithathe amandla emazweni Novgorod futhi baba ababusi khona. Umlobi womlando zekhulu ezimbili nje embethe ukulandwa zalezi zenzakalo efomini, musa ukuthuka engilakhele isithunzi sobukhulu Russian kazwelonke. Nokho, lokhu kuphela okukodwa kokukhethwa kukho kungenzeka, ngokwesiko, sinamathela version esethwe ku "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka".

Nestor wathi Rurik nabafowabo abancane - sineus futhi truvor, aba kanjani ababusi Beloozero futhi Izborsk. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili baba wayesefile, futhi wonke amandla kwaba ezandleni umsunguli Russia. Yilokho enye imfihlakalo - ngokuzumayo kungani wafa? Mhlawumbe ukufa kwabo kwaba kungokwemvelo - kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu e izinsuku ubudala esifushane, mhlawumbe bethi amandla ophakeme ukuthi izindaba ngokuvamile bagcina emngcwabeni ekuseni. Waba umbusi yedwa, Rurik wathumela abantu bakhe ukubusa yonke emadolobheni amakhulu, ezifana Polotsk, Rostov, Beloozero nabanye.

uthuli Novgorod

Kwelinye izikhumbuzo ngobukhulu ebhaliwe ngekhulu XVI - Nikon Chronicle (kamuva uhlu nge Nestor) - ithi Politika Ryurika wayengafani bonke abantu Novgorod, bake okuhleliwe isiphithiphithi, okuyiwona-ke kwakudingekile ukuba usebenzise lempi amandla ukucindezelwa. Iqondiswe kule dokhumenti nokubulala omunye abangobhongoza owawumaphakathi, othile Vadim Abanesibindi.

kuqala Rurikovich

Proknyazhiv iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, umsunguli Russia efa, ukubeka off lwamakhosi esikhulu, futhi iye yakhipha kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Izingane Prince Igor Ros ngaphansi eqeqeshwa kumhlobo abaseduze kayise, mhlawumbe isihlobo - nababusi okuthiwa u-Oleg. Kwalondolozwa njengemiBhalo igama likanina - Norwegian Princess Efandy. Bangaki abantwana bebelokhu Rurik ayaziwa, kodwa ngokwenkambiso yaleyo minyaka futhi zonke izinduna zomhlangano abacebile ephethwe, njengoba umthetho, harems lonke. Ngakho izingane ayenakho, cishe, okuningi, kodwa eminye imininingwane yahlala eyodwa kuphela.

Okokuqala Rurikovich wehlela emlandweni abe Sikhulu Kiev, umyeni umsunguli wobuKristu eRussia - Saint Princess Olga, owabusa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Igor Nokho, baduma ngenxa eminingi nomkhankaso wempi, enye yazo yafinyelela eByzantium, kule inhlanhla bamshiya e 944, futhi wahlulwa. Igor wafa ngonyaka olandelayo, lokuqoqa intela izizwe kwamthobela. Amalungu omunye wabo - drevlyans - thukuthele impango nokuhuheka eqolo, wabulala retinue kwesikhulu, yena wakhashelwa kabuhlungu.

Inkathi Rurik - ukuqala umlando Russian

Ezinsukwini ubudala abaningi bamazwe nenhlanhla amaViking babefuna injabulo emazweni enkulu Russian. Basuke bakhangwa ukoma olungevinjwe nokunonophala. Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka ukukhunjulwa kwabo ngaye kusukela amakhasi omlando, kusale kuphela amagama abantu amakhono okungavamile State, oyedwa wabo Rurik.

Umlando wakhe kokubili umlando obubhalwe, nezincazelo senkondlo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nesithakazelo esikhethekile esedlule Motherland bakithi izimpilo zabantu abamagama atehlukaniseki naye emphakathini. Phakathi kwabo endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala Rurik.

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, Waba isiqalo umlando isiRashiya, ngakho konke esihlobene naso, othandekayo zonke Patriot wezwe lakithi.