Russian Intelligence Foreign: incazelo, ukwakheka kanye nomlando

Russian Foreign Intelligence namuhla ethulwa Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amabutho ukhiye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha izakhamuzi Russian kanye nasezweni lonke ezinsongweni ezivela kwamanye amazwe, izinhlangano kanye nabantu abangaphandle. igama esifushanisiwe kwenhlangano - kweForeign Intelligence Service yeRussia.

incazelo Office

umsebenzi Isevisi ukucinga bese ebika uMongameli we Russian Federation, ukuhlinzeka ulwazi olunembile noluphelele phezu lempi, kwezomnotho kanye nezinye izikhundla inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye nesimo sengcondvo lesibi. Ngesisekelo zonke izinqumo idatha kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezakhamizi kanye izwe.

Idatha wathola icutshungulwe, ulwazi kubikwa ngqo uMongameli Russian Federation, okuyinto kuncike yombuso kanye Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. UMongameli unelungelo lokuqoka futhi ususe nomqondisi wenkonzo ubani onomthwalo ukuhambisana kolwazi oluhlinzekwe, kanye ukwethembeka.

Umthetho main olawula umsebenzi amasevisi imfihlo, wamukelwa ngonyaka ka 1996. Ngemva ukwamukelwa yomthetho "Ngo intelligence angaphandle" ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze wenze izinguquko ezihlukahlukene kanye nezichibiyelo. Sokuqala inkonzo usuku eRussia kubhekwe njengento ekupheleni 1920.

Umlando intelligence angaphandle

Namuhla akunakwenzeka igama usuku oluqondile ukubonakala imisebenzi intelligence eRussia. Ukuhlola shintsha, qamba kabusha, kodwa ubelokhu ekhona. Umlando Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (e ucishe injalo manje) owasungula ngawo-1918.

Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, ngemva kokunqoba ngo-October Revolution, kwadingeka ezingeni elifanele ukuvikela izithakazelo yenqubomgomo wezangaPhandle. Ngoba ke kobuholi isidingo esibalulekile ezweni baba nethuba babe ulwazi olugcwele futhi okunokwethenjelwa mayelana isimo emhlabeni futhi ibhalansi bamabutho (izitha nababesizana).

Kuyacaca ukuthi akukho zingxoxo angeke sivume idatha efana ukuthola, ngakho wanikezwa umsebenzi: ukwakha iyunithi intelligence angaphandle ngaphansi usihlalo Cheka F. E. Dzerzhinskogo. INhloko division baba Yakov Davydov. Injongo eyinhloko ikhanda kwaba ukuthuthukiswa plan umsebenzi uHulumeni icebo Division. Ngemva kwalokho, igama iyunithi isakhiwo sashintsha kaningi, kodwa zonke imisebenzi eyisisekelo bezobunhloli waphikelela.

Novemba 1991 kwaba iphuzu ukuqala ngokuba Intelligence Agency njengoba lotimele. Ngemva izinqubo ukuhlola uphume isakhiwo KGB kabusha bese kabusha isakhiwo. Ekupheleni ubusika ngo-1991 Isinqumo uMongameli lenhlangano RSFSR ezimele kwamiswa - kweForeign Intelligence Service. Iyunithi kudala ngaphansi noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu, ngaphandle igama ushintsho.

futhi Ngokushesha, isevisi iqanjwe kabusha, ukukhalipha waziwa ngokuthi SVR Russia. Njengoba umqondisi amasevisi ekhethekile weza Yevgeny Primakov, owayengasinaki usesimweni esifana eSoviet Union. Primakov iye wajuba ukuthuthukisa uhlobo ngesonto, futhi uhlelo zithi le nhlangano entsha. Ekuqaleni kuka-1992, umongameli Russian uthe izikhundla abasebenzi, waqoka iPhini umqondisi amasevisi ekhethekile.

Empeleni zonke isikhundla CSR USSR nje wathuthela isakhiwo esisha. Rookie baba uLieutenant General Ivan Gorelovsky, okuyinto wathatha phezu imisebenzi ye izindawo zokulawula kanye nezomnotho kuphela.

Ukuze sonke isikhathi ukuphathwa usuthathe indawo kwezahluko ezingaphezu kuka-20 amagama amaningi. Ngo-1991, okuthunyelwe weza Yevgeny Primakov, e '96 yena salandelwa V I. Trubnikov, ngo-2000, inhloko-Russian Foreign Intelligence Service Umqondisi Sergei Lebedev esimisiwe SVR. Ngo-2007, kwafika okuthunyelwe ka Umqondisi Mikhail Fradkov. Ngo-October 5, 2016 okuthunyelwe kuthatha Sergei Naryshkin.

umthetho

Russian Foreign Intelligence Service ilawulwa imithetho eziningana kanye nezichibiyelo zayo. I umthetho oluyisisekelo kuqala bese kuze kube manje "Ngakolunye intelligence angaphandle" yavela ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR ehlobo lika-1992. Namuhla kukhona idokhumenti entsha ka 1996, njengoba uchitshiyelwe ngo-2000, 2003, 2004 no-2007.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkonzo kulawulwa yimithetho kanye nezichibiyelo kubo: "Ngo-Defense", "On the Isimo servicemen", "Ngo Izimfihlo State", "Ngo imisebenzi op-okuphenya" kanye nabanye. Futhi uholwe isevisi intelligence usebenza ngokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo.

Imisebenzi futhi inkonzo izindawo

Ukusebenza Basic ukuthi wenza Russian Foreign Intelligence namuhla:

1. Ukwakha isimo ezizosekela kusetjentiswa ngemphumelelo izinhlelo zombusazwe Russian Federation.
2. Sekela futhi udale isimo somnotho, ezempi, ezesayensi kanye nezinye izinhlelo Russian.
3. Ukucinga, ukwakhiwa kanye ukucutshungulwa ulwazi udaba oluphathelene nokuphepha kazwelonke, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa yayo, izinhloso kwamanye amazwe kanye nezikhungo ngabanye maqondana Russian Federation.
4. Ukusekela ukugcwaliseka izinyathelo ekuphepheni wezwe.
5. Bika kuya nowezwe ngolwazi olunembile kakhulu isikhundla netifiso amazwe maqondana Russia. Lo mbiko lidlulisela umqondisi mathupha Russian Foreign Intelligence Service noma iphini lakhe.
6. Ukuyeka usongo lobuphekula futhi izinyathelo zokulwa.

Ukuphatha jikelele nguMkhandlu uMongameli, futhi wonke umbiko ukuphathwa kuMqondisi we Intelligence Foreign.

amandla isevisi

Umthetho unikeza isevisi nokuhlakanipha ilungelo:

• ukusungula oxhumana nabantu ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo, kuhlanganise ngononina;
• uhlukanise idatha kanye nabasebenzi;
• ukusebenzisa nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuthi ngeke balimaze nokuphila nempilo yomuntu, idumela yezwe futhi isimo kwemvelo.

umsebenzi Operational and izinga isakhiwo inikeza ngamasevisi akhethekile.

Isakhiwo amasevisi intelligence

Kuze kube manje, Russian Foreign Intelligence ungenisa izinsizakalo ahlukahlukene kanye neminyango ezisebenza njengendlela ngokushesha Ukusabela, ukuhlakanipha kanye ulwazi ukuhlangana. Ngokulinganiswa laziwa kabanzi kuphela isakhiwo central service iyunithi. Ezinye izindaba zika-division, kuhlanganise amazwe zesifunda nezinye olwenziwa, kodwa ngokuqinile imfihlo. ukuphathwa inkonzo ekhethekile emelelwa umqondisi ibhodi, substituents, futhi zamahhovisi ehlukene kanye nezinsizakalo, ukuhlinzeka wonke umsebenzi izici.

INhloko Foreign Intelligence Service Russia babikela uMengameli wezwe, futhi uphatha yonke amayunithi inkonzo. SVR College - esinye isixhumanisi ebalulekile abophiko lwezokuphepha. College uya ukuxazulula izinkinga eliyisisekelo nokuthuthukisa amaplani imisebenzi ukukhalipha, ukugxila isimo samanje. Iqoqo kuhlanganisa bonke abaqondisi zephini amakhanda ngayinye amayunithi amasevisi ekhethekile.

Ukuze ukuxhumana isakhiwo inkonzo yomphakathi adalwe umnyango wakhe - Bureau of the SB kanye nabezindaba.

ukuhlinzwa Famous

Umlando has a lot of imisebenzi eliqhakazile scouts yethu. Lutho neze wonke amaphrojekthi kabanzi wawuzwakala abezindaba ngoba isevisi imfihlo. Kodwa labo imisebenzi, eyayibonakala undabamlonyeni, kukhona amaphrojekthi beyithela khulu:

1. "Hlanganisa-2" - ekusebenzeni 20-yalolucwaningo. bahoxe phesheya, Umphikisi esebenzayo ye-USSR B. Sannikov.
2. Ukusebenza efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo imiyalezo eyimfihlo Japanese Ministry Foreign ngo-1923.
3. "Ukusebenza Tarantella" 1930-1934 GG., Yikuphi kwenziwa ukuze iqaphe imisebenzi intelligence British ekulweni neSoviet Union.
4. Design nokudalwa isihlangu wezwe zenuzi.

Ngenxa imisebenzi ngempumelelo kakhulu abasebenzi babe umklomelo okuzisholo kusuka kuhulumeni.

ulwazi olwengeziwe

Namuhla, kukhona ukungaqondi kahle ukuthi izakhiwo ezimbili ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha kwezakhamizi lizwe - eNhlangano KaHulumeni Yezokuphepha kanye Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia - ngempela ukwabelana ngokucacile imisebenzi yabo. Ngokusho iningi, i-RAF isebenza kuphela ngolwazi zangaphandle, kodwa FSB iyinhlangano nje kuphela yangaphakathi.

Empeleni, bonke kancane okungalungile. Bobabili amasevisi isebenze kokubili wakuleli nakwamanye amazwe. Umehluko phakathi kwabo akuyona ukuthi kuphi futhi kanjani amasevisi umsebenzi. FSB ukuvikela izwe kusukela kwamaphekula kanye spyware, kanye SVR uma kungewona wonke, esikhathini esiningi, uyisibonakaliso inhlangano hlola.

Kuze kube manje, lo SVR Russia kubhekwa omunye the best intelligence amasevisi emhlabeni. Rich emlandweni, esiqinile Ukukhetha Ochwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi eminingi ngempumelelo uqinisekise leli qiniso.