Isibindi ileum. Imisebenzi lesi sifo, ukwelashwa

Iliac emathunjini (kusuka elithi Latin «ileum») limelela kwesigaba engezansi emathunjini amancane. GI isici okunjalo umsebenzi walo futhi isakhiwo. On kubo ungafunda kancane aphansi.

Ileum: kuphi?

I ileum elise kwesokudla iliac fossa (noma esiswini engezansi) kanye uyashiywa emathunjini izimpumputhe usebenzisa bauginievoy ichopho, noma okuthiwa valve ileocecal. Incenye lencane yaloku umzimba ethatha epigastrium, esifundeni enkabeni, kanye ingaphakathi okhalo.

isakhiwo

Gut ileum namathumbu mncane iyafana e isakhiwo. Yonke ungqimba engaphakathi komzimba kuyinto mucosa ukuthi ngobuningi camera Imicu yotshani (ukuvelela mayelana 1 milimitha). Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ebusweni lezi zinto yakhiwa epithelium columnar. In the isikhungo itholakala itheku lymph, kanye capillary (imithambo yegazi).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi villi ku ileum esiswini incane kakhulu kunangesikhathi jejunum. Noma kunjalo, bonke iqhaza enqubeni yokukhipha ewusizo kanye nezakhi. Amafutha esikuthola by the kwemigudu ye-lymph, nama-amino acid kanye monosaccharides - I-emithambo yegazi. Yonke mucosa we ileum has a ebusweni kunalokho anolaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona crypts futhi villi ka pleats isiyingi. idatha Owenza ukwandisa ebusweni isiyonke le mucosa emathunjini, okuyinto nakanjani kuthinte inqubo ukumuncwa ukudla okugayiwe.

Izici nokwakheka ileum

villi ezimathambo ileum ziyafana, ukuma okuyinto ufana amahlamvu noma iminwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zitholakala kuphela mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi yemizimba eshiwo ngenhla. Inombolo amathumbu villi e ileum kungaba isukela izingcezu 18 kuya 35 ngamunye 1 square. mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zingabantu kancane ohlabayo naleyo etholakala duodenum.

crypts emathunjini, noma kunjalo ngokuthi indlala liberkyunovy bamele kude emvilophini, isimo amashubhu encane. I mucosa kanye submucosa we ileum ukwakha crease isiyingi. I epithelium wabo owodwa ungqimba sezinzwa prismatic. By the way, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila yomzimba has submucosa ayo, ngemuva okuyizinto izicubu kwemisipha. Lesi sakamuva ivezwa 2 izingqimba imicu bushelelezi: yangaphandle (noma longitudinal) kanye yangaphakathi (noma isiyingi). Phakathi kwabo kuba okuxekethile ezicutshini esesikhundleni imithambo yegazi kanye nerve-kwemisipha plexus enteric. I ukushuba lesi sendlalelo incipha ngase engxenyeni esibulalayo ye emathunjini amancane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ungqimba kwemisipha umzimba wenza umsebenzi ukuxuba futhi baphokophelele chyme.

I udonga lwangaphandle ikholoni iliac - serous. It ihlanganiswa nxazonke.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-ileum esibulalayo

isitho Kwethulwa wenza imisebenzi eminingana. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuqhela enzyme;
• ukumuncwa kwezakhi, amaminerali kanye nosawoti yalo;
• ukugaya ukudla ezizayo.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule ileum

ayo emathunjini yomzimba eqala ukuhlukanisa bedle yokucasuka zamakhemikhali mechanical ezindongeni chyme. Phakathi namahora angu-ukukhiqizwa yayo 24 ongafinyelela 2.4 amalitha. Lapho le juice Usabela ane-alikhali futhi ingxenye yayo aminyene siqukethe amaseli izigaxa-EPITHELIAL, likhiqiza futhi ukuqongelela enzyme. Lapho amangqamuzana omzimba ezifanele uqale okumelwe lwaliwe e mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi emathunjini, bese igoqe, ngalokho lunikeze ukugaya cavitary.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ebusweni ngamunye inamaseli microvilli EPITHELIAL. Zimelele protuberances yasekuqaleni, okuyinto awashintsheki enzyme. Siyabonga kubo, kukhona esinye ungqimba isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, okuthiwa ulwelwesi (parietal). Kulesi sigaba ku ileum kwenzeka hydrolysis ukudla kanye ukumuncwa yayo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ijusi emathunjini iqukethe ncamashi 22 enzyme. The main ucingo enterokinase. Lokhu enzyme senzelwe ukusebenza trypsinogen pancreatic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiswini ileum inike juice, equkethe izinto ezifana lipase, Amylase, sucrase, peptidase futhi phosphatase ane-alikhali.

Wokukhuthazwa chyme kwesinye ingxenye yaleli pheshana emathunjini kwenziwa ngokunciphisa ungqimba imisipha ye imicu. izinhlobo yabo eyinhloko ukunyakaza kungenziwa ngokuthi i peristaltic kanye pendulum. Iqembu ukusikeka yesibili ukhiqiza kuhlangana chyme. Kepha worm-like (peristaltic) amagagasi Batfutfukisa ukudla distal.

Phela, kokubili emelelwa uhlobo ukugaya khona ukuxhumana eduze. Lapho hydrolysis lalihlehliswa izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze okuthiwa Lesisemkhatsini. Umkhiqizo iphathwa ukuthi kugaywe ngosizo ulwelwesi ukugaya. Khona-ke iqala inqubo ukumuncwa kwezakhi namaminerali. Lokhu kungenxa ukwanda ingcindezi intracolonic futhi imisipha motility kanye nokunyakaza villi.

Ukwephulwa e yezifo ileum

Ileum (lapho umzimba kuchazwa eliphakeme kancane) ngokuvamile ngaphansi izinqubo ukuvuvukala. Zonke izifo emathunjini amancane ukuthi abe nezimpawu ezifanayo. Njengomthetho, zisekelwe kokunikezwa kwe-wokugaya ukudla, excretory, futhi umsebenzi ukuncela motor. Ngo umkhuba emtholampilo, lezi ngeziphambeko wanquma zibuswe igama elilodwa elivamile - malabsorption syndrome.

izimpawu ezivamile izifo

Ileum, lapho isifo kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuba nethonya izimpawu jikelele zokucindezeleka. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• ubuhlungu syndromes;
• ukukhungatheka ngezinsimbi zesihlalo;
• kwentaba esiswini;
• ukubuyisa.

Kaningi, iziguli ukukhononda ngokuthi odokotela kwabo eside sohudo obuhlala njalo uhambo ethoyilethi izikhathi 4-7 ngosuku. Kulesi ukudla undigested ingatholakala indle. Ekuseni, isiguli ngokuvamile uzizwa ukuduma emathunjini, ngokuvamile luyaphela kuphela kusihlwa.

Of ethintekile amathumbu iliac ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ubuhlungu. Bangase babe indawo ehlukile (esifundeni enkabeni, ilungelo umugca lohlukanisa emkhatsini esiswini futhi ngaphansi "spoon") kanye uhlamvu (isiyaphuma, lapho ubahlulela futhi elalimbelesele). Ngokuvamile, ukushuba ubuhlungu kakhulu kwehle ngemva ukudedelwa amagesi kwakhiwa.

izimpawu kwangaphandle kwezifo of the ileum

isifo encane wamathumbu kungase kuhambisane yilo Mnyango futhi ukubonakaliswa extraintestinal. Kulindeleke ukuthi malabsorption futhi ukugaya izakhi, amavithamini namaminerali. Kulokhu, iziguli ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba unciphise umzimba futhi azikwazi ukubuyisela. Ukuntula B amavithamini nensimbi ngokuvamile kuholela ukuthuthukiswa kwegazi, kumiswa imifantu ku izindebe futhi amakhona yisishiso umlomo. Nokho, uma umzimba uqala bantule uvithamini A, kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ku ukoma we conjunctiva nobusuku ngobumpumputhe. Uma umzimba lesiguli kuthiwa ukopha ke lokhu kubonisa nokuntuleka vitamin K.

isifo Crohn

Lesi sifo ezimbi kakhulu futhi ezivamile emathunjini amancane isifo Crohn (noma okuthiwa ileitis esibulalayo). Ngokuvamile kuleyo uphethwe ukuvuvukala zendawo yokugcina 15-20 amasentimitha we ileum. Akuvamile kule nqubo ihlanganisa GI abayizimpumputhe, uqweqwe duodenal.

Ukuvuvukala ileum, izimpawu esizokucabangela ngezansi, kufanele baphathwe isikhathi. Kungenjalo, e 3-4 iminyaka isiguli ingaqala yezinkinga ezifana isimiso emathunjini, fistulas, abscesses, peritonitis, amyloidosis, ukopha kanye nabanye.

Ngezimpawu zesifo Crohn

Izimpawu zesifo zihlukile.

• ubuhlungu obukhulu kule ngakwesokudla (ngokuvamile okusikhumbuza umtholampilo we-appendicitis acute). Kulokhu, imfiva lesiguli ekukhathaza isicanucanu njalo nokuhlanza. Ngokuvamile ubuhlungu zenzeka ngemuva kwamahora 3-5 emva kokudla.
• Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi futhi emaciation.
• Nezibazi we ileum, okuyinto abangela isimiso emathunjini.
• ukuqunjelwa okungamahlalakhona noma ukukhishwa isisu kanye kwentaba esiswini.
• ukopha Heavy noma admixture elincane legazi e kwesihlalo

nezinye izifo

Hyperplasia lymphoid we ileum esibulalayo kwenzeka ku isizinda immunodeficiency nezinguquko proliferative odongeni emathunjini. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile kukhona izivakashi futhi zinyamalale benganakwa abazithandayo. Isizathu sale ukuphambuka bangase benze impendulo engakufanelekele sokulalela inhliziyo ezihambisana lymph izicubu, okuyinto eyenzeka phezu ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle.

Izimpawu Hyperplasia-lymph

Izimpawu kuzomele sifake, njenge:

• isifo sohudo,
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu,
• admixture we igazi isikhwehlela kule sezinyawo;
• ukubuyisa kanye ukuvuvukala;
• kwesisindo;
• encishisiwe ukumelana umzimba ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

With Hyperplasia eqinile ingaqala izimpawu of isimiso emathunjini. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ku izifo emathunjini akunakubangelwa enteritis kanye nomdlavuza.

Ukuxilongwa isifo kanye izimbangela

Ukuvuvukala ileum ngomshini ukubukeka kwabo futhi ngezimo zesiguli emva ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo kanye endleni, kanye ngosizo le ndlela yesimanje of luhlolo njengoba Endoscopy fiberoptic. Kulokhu, iziguli kaningi izinguquko okufunwayo submucosal ungqimba emathunjini. Okunjalo kwezinso non-ethize angagcina ku isizinda polyposis ehlasela umzimba wonke, namathansela okungamahlalakhona nokuphazamiseka nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa ikholoni.

nokwelashwa kwezifo

Ngokuvamile Hyperplasia limfofollikulyarnaya kuthinta kuphela ileum esigungwini. Lesi sifo ezihambisana izimo, ngakho-ke akudingi ukwelashwa. Njengoba isifo Crohn, umdlavuza nezinye izinqubo ukuvuvukala, impatho belated, ekuthinta lonke ipheshana emathunjini ziholele ekufeni. Kulokhu, ayikho indlela yokuyelapha ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, kuhlanganise imithi elwa namagciwane, unikezwe indaba nje kuphela ukuba gastroenterologist abanolwazi. By the way, izifo ngokuvamile anjalo esikhathini izigaba kamuva yentuthuko ziphathwa esebenzisa ukuhlinzwa.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngaphezu imithi yokwelapha izifo umnyango encane amathumbu iliac ezimisiwe ukudla okuqinile. Njengoba ojwayelekile, sifaka kuphela emaphashini, ngokushesha digestible futhi unothile ngamavithamini ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli akuvunyelwe nhlobo utshwala kakhulu okunosawoti, okubabayo, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe futhi inyama esindayo, inhlanzi, amakhowe izitsha. Ukudla wesiguli kuzomele sifake iphalishi efudumele, sasipheka polumoloke, emhlophe ingqoloyi isinkwa izolo, ngezinye izikhathi ibhotela, ngiyocasha amaqanda, itiye, izithelo iziphuzo, izithelo iziphuzo, umhluzi okhalweni, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cherry zasendle. Uma ukudla futhi uthathe zonke imithi udokotela, umphumela ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala ileum ngeke ngempela evumayo.