Lymph okukha phezulu. Lymphatics umuntu. Izifo lymph

Uma kukhona uhlelo emzimbeni, ngakho-ke, ukuthi ugcwalisa. I ikhwalithi yokuqukethwe kuncike imisebenzi amagatsha isakhiwo. Lesi simo akunakubangelwa ngokuphelele ukuba umsebenzi izinhlelo womuntu kwegazi futhi lymph. okuqukethwe Healthy zalezi zakhiwo kuyinto isici esibalulekile ukuze operation esitebeleni of wonke umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho hlaziya ngokuningiliziwe, yini ukubaluleka igazi lymph izitsha. Ake uqale nge lakamuva.

Uhlolojikelele

izitsha Human lymph emelelwa izakhiwo ezahlukene ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile. Ngakho, ukukhululwa:

• Capillary.
• iziqu omkhulu (thoracic neziteshi kwesokudla).
• Extra- futhi intraorgannye izitsha.

Futhi, isakhiwo imisipha futhi uhlobo amyous. Ukugeleza izinga nokucindezelwa (izimo hemodynamic) abasondelene nalabo okuyizinto zenzeka umugqa emithambo yegazi. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho isakhiwo se-lymph, kumelwe kuqashelwe udonga lwangaphandle kahle asethuthukile. Ngenxa ikhava kwangaphakathi enezinto akhiwa.

capillary

Lokhu isitsha lymph kuyahluka odongeni ngokwanele permeable. Capillary uyakwazi abancela slurry futhi colloidal izixazululo. Iziteshi yakha inethiwekhi, amelela ekuqaleni kohlelo lymph. Hlanganisa ukwakha emikhulu capillary siteshi. umkhumbi ngamunye kwakhiwa isimiso se-lymph sihamba ukuba ngemithambo subclavian nge entanyeni kanye sternum.

Ukuhamba ngesikebhe iziteshi kokuqukethwe

Movement lymph ngokusebenzisa imigudu ye-lymph eyalo imbobo wesibeletho embhedeni emithambo yegazi. Ngokusho abakhwabanisi thoracic kwenzeka cishe yonke (ngaphandle ikhanda) komzimba. Bobabili flow kufakwe vein subclavian. Ngamanye amazwi, lo zonke ketshezi etholwe nezicubu ebuyiselwa emuva igazi. Kule ndaba, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi kwenzeka njengoba lymph ngokusebenzisa lymph izitsha ukunyakaza, eyenziwa amanzi. Lapho ukwephula zenzeka outflow yesimo sokugembula. Ibizwa ngokuthi limfostazom. Isici kunazo zezibonakaliso zakhe zibandakanya nokuvuvuka emikhawulweni.

uhlelo imisebenzi

I-lymph kanye ISIZINDA ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa ukuqinisela imvelo yangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo nemisebenzi elandelako:

• Uyisa kusukela izakhi emathunjini e emthanjeni.
• Inikeza isixhumanisi phakathi igazi, kwezitho nezicubu.
• Ubamba lichaza izinqubo immunological.
• Liqinisekisa ukubuya electrolyte, amanzi, amaprotheni ku igazi isikhala intercellular.
• It neutralizes enkompolo elimazayo.

Ngokuhamba we lymph kukhona ISIZINDA. Bona imali ketshezi. Lymph node unikeze ekwakhiweni ketshezi kanye nokuvikelwa isithiyo Elihehayo (esikhiqiza ama-macrophage). Ukulawulwa outflow ithwala kwemizwa uhlelo nozwela.

ukuxhumana izakhiwo

Akhiwe iseduze igazi, izindlala zamanzi capillary uqale zifa. Bayingxenye isakhiwo microvasculature. Loku kubangelwa close uxhumano tekusebentisa yokwakheka phakathi igazi lymph. Kusukela gemokapillyarov ufake izinto ezidingekayo kule ketshezi eziyisisekelo. Kusukela-ke, ngesikhathi, e limfokapillyary ukungena ezintweni ezahlukene. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, imikhiqizo izinqubo umzimba, wokugoqa zezakhi ku ngemuva kuphazamiseka sokugembula, amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Bacebisa kanye lymph ukuhlanzwa ingena egazini. Ngakho libuyekezela imvelo yangaphakathi in the umzimba intercellular (eziyisisekelo) izidakamizwa.

umehluko izakhiwo

igazi lymph izitsha ezincane babe diameters ezahlukene (okokugcina likhudlwana). amaseli Endothelial wokuqala ezingaphezu kuka yesibili, 3-4 izikhathi. Limfakapillyary isidingo ulwelwesi basal pericytes, ophela zifa. Letakhi yakha inethiwekhi futhi awela engajulile ekstraorgannye intraorgannye siteshi.

postcapillaries

Intraorganic efferent isiteshi - ke amyous (fibrous) isakhiwo. isitsha ngasinye lymph has a ububanzi of microns ngu-40. amaseli Endothelial eziteshini abalale ulwelwesi omnene. Ngaphansi kwawo kukhona enwebekayo zesivikelo sesifuba i-collagen, okuyinto seningene udonga lwangaphandle. imibhede Postcapillary enze amanzi umsebenzi.

Ekstraorgannye embhedeni

Lezi zitsha kuhluke osezingeni emikhulu kunalena eyedlule futhi ezibhekwa ezingabalulekile. Bangabakhe takhiwo uhlobo kwemisipha. Uma olukha phezulu isitsha lymph (Latin - Vasa lymphatica superficialia) ise zone engenhla isiqu, intamo, ubuso, i-myocyte therein lincane ngokwanele. Uma ithrekhi egobhoza phansi umzimba kanye imilenze, izakhi enemisipha kakhulu.

Isakhiwo medium osezingeni

Lesi siteshi imisipha hlobo. Isakhiwo lymph yaleli qembu has ezinye izici. Ngo ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo bonke igobolondo ezintathu kuchazwe ngokwanele kahle: elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi. Lesi sakamuva umelwe endothelium elele omnene ulwelwesi subendothelial (iqukethe enwebekayo collagen ethandele nxazonke) futhi nokunwebeka Imicu yotshani plexuses.

Amaphayiphu kanye igobolondo

Lezi zici ukuxhumana nomunye eduze kakhulu. Amaphayiphu akhiwa ngokusebenzisa igobolondo kwangaphakathi. Njengoba isizathu ukhonza ipuleti fibrous. kukhona izakhi imisipha bushelelezi enhliziyweni yakhe. I ipuleti ihlanganisa endothelium. Isilinganiso igobolondo Amapayipi kwakhiwa izinyanda bushelelezi imisipha amaseli. Baqondiselwa obliquely futhi circularly. Futhi emelelwa emgodleni zamatshe zezinzwa (okubi) izicubu. kwakhiwa isakhiwo obungaphandle ngu kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba efanayo. izakhi zayo bangene nezicubu eziseduze.

i-canal Van Hoorne sika

Lokhu isitsha lymph has a isakhiwo odongeni okuyinto efana isakhiwo ephansi vena cava. Igobolondo kwangaphakathi enikeziwe endothelium futhi subendothelium plexus yangaphakathi imicu enwebekayo yezicubu. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ngezikhathi omnene ulwelwesi basal. Subendothelium inamaseli undifferentiated, imicu enwebekayo yezicubu collagen, okuyinto kuthambekele bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, kanye izakhi imisipha abushelelezi. kwakhiwa valve igobolondo Kwangaphakathi Ezweni uvule imbobo thoracic 9 is, iqhaza ekugqugquzeleni lymph entanyeni emithanjeni. Tunica libonisa izakhi imisipha abushelelezi. Ziyakwazi isiqondiso isiyingi futhi etshekile. Futhi ekhona igobolondo nxazonke imicu enwebekayo yezicubu kuyi-collagen. Isakhiwo zangaphandle ezingeni diaphragmatic kane mkhulu kunokhalo kwangaphakathi futhi phakathi kuhlanganiswe. Igobolondo emelelwa okuxekethile sezicubu zezinzwa futhi imisipha bushelelezi izinyanda, wahlela longitudinally. Okukha phezulu lymph isitsha ingena vein jugular. Eduze komlomo odongeni imbobo kuba ohlabayo kuka phezu diaphragmatic ezingeni izikhathi 2.

Okunye izakhi

Phakathi valve ezimbili achithayo ngonyaka lymph isitsha eseduze, abakhona ingxenye ekhethekile. Ibizwa ngokuthi lymphangions. It emelelwa cuff kwemisipha, valve itheku udonga futhi ingxenye okunamathiselwe empeleni valve. Ilungelo imbobo thoracic futhi ethulwa njengoba iziqu ezinkulu. Lezi zici we lymph uhlelo myocytes (imisipha amaseli) zikhona zonke ulwelwesi (ezintathu).

izindonga Amandla imbobo

Ngo udonga lwangaphandle igazi lymph babe izitsha iziteshi. Lezi amagatsha amancane lwemithambo washintsha enamathela: maphakathi kanye yangaphandle imithambo ngemithambo emikhulu nemincane womathathu. Kusukela Umthambo izindonga bukhomba capillary igazi emithanjeni yegazi futhi ama-venule. Basuke etholakala eduze imithambo. Kusukela kuma-capillary igobolondo kwangaphakathi emithambo yegazi igazi liya mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi emithambo yegazi. Amandla ezinkulu lymph Amapayipi has a Singularity. Ihlala e yokuthi amagatsha lwemithambo kungukuthi ephelezelwa emithambo yegazi kuyoshaya ngokwehlukile. I ama-venule futhi arteriole izitsha semithambo kungukuthi itholiwe.

Ukuvuvukala lymph

Lokhu zokugula kubhekwa yesibili. Kuyinto inkinga izinqubo ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba (furuncles, carbuncles, amanxeba purulent ikhona) kanye nohlobo oluthile izifo (isifo sofuba, ugcunsula, njll). ngesikhathi senqubo kungaba oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona. Futhi secrete ukuvuvukala ethize kanye non-eqondile ye-lymph. Lesi sifo libhekene ukucobeka ebuthakathakeni. In iziguli imfiva. Isici nobuntu zokugula ubuhlungu e zamanzi. isifo Causative angaba inoma uluphi uhlobo amagciwane pyogenic (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus). isifo sisheshe satholakala ngaphandle kobudisi. izinyathelo zokwelapha aqokwa ngokuhambisana esiteji izifo. I sulfonamides nemithi elwa namagciwane asetshenziswa njengoba indlela olandelanayo. Ezimweni eziphambili, olukha phezulu lymph isikepe likhanyelwe ngembobo ye ithumba.

isimila

Hodgkin sika isifo - lymphoma - kuthinta abadala ikakhulukazi abasha (iminyaka 15-10). Izimpawu kusaqalwa lesi sifo bengekho abazigabisayo nabagcwele lymph node isiguli akuyona siyabhubha. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka kukhona Ukudlulela. Ithumba usabalala nezinye lymph nakumathishu izitho, phakathi lapho kuqala ngokuvamile ukuhlupheka ubende. Ngemva kwalokho, baqala ukubonisa izimpawu zesifo. Ikakhulukazi, isiguli eba imfiva, ubuthakathaka, ukujuluka, isikhumba ukulunywa, isisindo encishisiwe. isifo sisheshe satholakala sifunda leukocyte futhi biopsy impahla.

lymphadenopathy

Ukwehlukanisa zokugula kusuka kwamanye nje. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nzima ngezinye amaseli wesibeletho anda. Lymphadenopathy ihlukaniswe esisheshayo futhi isimila - non ukuvuvukala kanye ukuvuvukala. Kwakamuva oluthathwa zibe zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi non-esithathelanayo we lymph. Bahambe ekubhebhetselisa zezinzwa izicubu isifo, komzimba, i-rheumatoid arthritis. ukwanda esisheshayo e-lymph node cell ayanda kubonisa amasosha omzimba ngenxa sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, nomzimba, ezithathelwanayo noma enobuthi ukuhlaselwa ukuvuvukala. Against ngemuva kuwuphawu lwesimila ukwandisa timphawu tesakhiwo kubangela kokuziphatha amaseli abulalayo niwe nezinye izitho zomzimba (i wegazi noma umdlavuza Ukudlulela) ukuthi noma ezivela ohlelweni ku isizinda lymphomas okubulalayo nokuhlala lymphosarcoma. Pathology kungaba generalized futhi kulinganiselwe. Nokho, laba bamuva Ungahambisa yokuqala. Ekuqaleni ukubizwa ngokuthi Hodgkin lymphadenopathy elinganiselwe bese, emva kwesikhashana, aba generalized. Iqembu esisheshayo kuhlanganisa ibanga sasivumela ebanzi pathologies kuyinto zokuxilonga.

Sarcoma imbobo

Lena enye yemvelo abulalayo yesimila. Lymphosarcoma ingavela ngokuphelele nganoma isiphi yobudala. Ngokuvamile, uma iqala ngamadijithi lakhulisiwe lymph node ngakolunye uhlangothi. inqubo isimila libhekene izinga sezingeni eliphezulu phambili, futhi Ukudlulela umdlavuza asebenzayo ethile. isimo wesiguli kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ziwohloka akukholeki ukuthi ngesikhashana nje. Iziguli ziyimfiva, ngokushesha incipha isisindo somzimba, nokujuluka ebusuku iyakhula. Uphethwe histological futhi izifundo cytological we ethintekile lymph node.