Isivumelwano saseVienna

Lo Mhlangano ungenye yezinhlobo zemithombo yomthetho, emele isivumelwano esibhaliwe, ephethwe yizifundazwe futhi ilawulwa yi-MP, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifomu elilinganiselwe lamaphepha ahambisanayo, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ligama lini.

Izinkontileka zomhlaba wonke zihlanganisa izivumelwano ezilawula izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komphakathi. Izihloko ezinjalo zingamalungelo abantu kanye nenkululeko, ukuhweba, ukuhamba emoyeni, ukuthutha izitimela, ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo nabanye abaningi.

Umhlangano we-1980 waseVienna wahlanganisa imithetho eminingi yokuhweba eyayamukelekayo emazweni amaningi ngezinhlelo ezahlukene zomthetho. I-1980 Convention ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine, futhi ihlanganisa izihloko ezingu-101. Zonke zihloswe ukucubungula lezi zindaba ezibalulekile: umqondo wenkontileka, uhlobo lwezinkontileka, okuqukethwe kwamalungelo nezibopho zamaqembu, umthwalo wemiphakathi ngokungafezeki kwamaphuzu ashiwo inkontileka.

Ngokuhambisana nale dokhumenti, isivumelwano somhlaba wonke singaphetha ngezifomu ezimbili: kubhaliwe futhi ngomlomo. Isivumelwano saseVienna sika-1961 senza ukuthi izingxenye eziphathelene nezivumelwano zingaba yi-WFP enomthamo ongokomthetho wesivumelwano. Uhulumeni kuphela onomthamo womthetho jikelele.

Isivumelwano seVienna, into okuyiyona inkontileka yokuthengisa, isebenza ezivumelwaneni phakathi kwamabhizinisi ezentengiselwano emazweni angamalungu ayo. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izinhlobo zokuthengiselana aziwa ngaphansi kwesenzo (isibonelo, ukuthengiswa kwemfihlo, indalini kanye nabanye).

Ifomu elijwayelekile lokuzibophezela uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwezibopho zomunye wezinhlangothi kuyimfuneko yokuthola inxephezelo yomonakalo, kuhlanganise nezinzuzo ezilahlekile. Isibopho asifiki nje kuphela uma iqembu elimangalelwa likwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ukwephulwa kwemigomo yesivumelwano kubangelwa izimo ezingaphezu kokulawula kwazo.

Isivumelwano saseVienna ngobudlelwane bezobudlelwane ngo-1961 yisinye sezikhali ezisemqoka ezilawula insimu yomthetho wezobambiswano. Zonke izinhloko zezinkonzo, ngokusho komhlangano, zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: izinxusa kanye nezinyunyana (okuthiwa abameleli beVatican), ezithola imvume yokutholwa kwamakhanda ombuso; Amathumeli, izikhonzi kanye ne-internuntsiev, futhi avunyelwe nezinhloko zombuso; Abameli abasemagunyeni bathola ukugunyazwa nezikhonzi zakwamanye amazwe.

Ngokuhambisana nalesi sivumelwano, abasebenzi be-mission bahlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana: abasebenzi bezokuxhumana, abaphathi kanye nezobuchwepheshe nezokugcina.

Isivumelwano saseVienna sinikeza ubuhlobo bombuso, okumele kuphakame phakathi kwezizwe ngokuvumelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingekile ukuthi kufinyelelwe isivumelwano mayelana nokubunjwa kwemisebenzi yezobuzwe kanye nezinga labo.

Umbuso wangaphandle noma, ngamanye amazwi, isimo sokugunyaza, ngokuvumelana nomhlangano we-1961, ubeka ngokuzimela inhloko yombuso wezombusazwe. Futhi, isimo sokwamukela kufanele sikhiphe ama-aggres (imvume) yokwamukelwa komuntu kulokhu okuthunyelwe, kodwa inganqaba ngaphandle kokukwazisa izisusa.

Ukuqedwa kwemisebenzi yekhanda lomsebenzi noma ezinye izisebenzi ezizombusazwe ziza lapho eshiya leli zwe ngenxa yokukhumbula, isimemezelo se-diplomat siphikelele, futhi ukwenqaba ukufeza imisebenzi yakhe.

Uma kwenzeka ukuqedwa kobudlelwane bomhlaba, izwe lokukhishwa kufanele lisize ekukhulumeni kwamadiplomate angaphandle nakwamalungu emindeni yabo.