Amanzi okugeza avela kanjani eRussia futhi nini?

Kubantu abahola indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuya embhedeni kungenye yezakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokugcina umzimba ngendlela ehle kakhulu. Kodwa abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi ukugeza kweRussia kuhluke ngokuphawulekayo ezikhungweni ezifanayo kwezinye izizwe zomhlaba. Abezizwe abaye bahlala ekamelweni le-steam abakwazi ukubekezelela umswakama ophakeme futhi bahlasele nge-birch broom. Izivakashi "zaseningizimu" zivamise zithandekayo: nini ukugeza kuvela eRussia? Futhi yini eyenza abantu bahlukumeze ngokwabo ngokweqile ekamelweni elincane elishisayo?

Kusukela emadodaneni ka-nomad kuya ezikhulwini zaseKiev

Ngisho nokujula ekutadisheni kwemibhalo yasendulo, akunakwenzeka ukusho ncamashi lapho kuvela ubhavu lokuqala eRussia. Phela, izizwe ezizizwele zamaSkithe zasebenzisa amatende akhethekile ayenziwe ngamapulangwe enkuni, egcwele izikhumba zezilwane futhi enesihenqo esiphakathi, ekuhlanjululeni umkhuba, futhi ehlanza ukuhamba.

Ngaphambi kokuhlanza, amatshe atshiswa esigxotsheni, okwakusatshalaliswa ngamanzi noma ama-herb of herbs. Owesifazane ongumSkithiya wagubha ngamatshe ashisayo ama-cypress nemisedari ngamanzi. I-gruel eyalandela yayisetshenziswa esikhumbeni futhi ibanjwe usuku. Geza leli maski ngamanzi afudumele ngosuku olulandelayo. Le nqubo inikeze kuphela ukuhlanza isikhumba ekungcoleni izifo nezifo ezivuthayo, kodwa futhi yamnika iphunga elimnandi kakhulu.

Uhlaka lwokhuni noma izindlu zamatje

Ukufunda umsebenzi kaNestor the Chronicler, ososayensi bathola idatha ngekhulu leminyaka lapho kubonakala khona indawo yokugeza eRussia. Umonki ubhala ukuthi kakade eminyakeni engama-5-6. Izizwe zamaSlav zazivame ukugeza isepha nge-hot steam kanye nemifudlana.

Izinkolelo zobuqaba zaleso sikhathi zazikhomba ukugeza emakamelweni okugcoba nokuhlanzwa komphefumulo nomzimba kusuka ekungcoleni nasekubumbeni ngemandla emvelo: ngemimoya yamanzi, umhlaba, umoya nomlilo. Zonke izenzakalo ezibalulekile empilweni yendoda yaleso sikhathi, kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni, yayihlobene eduze nokushisa kwesixuku esimnyama.

Sekuyisikhathi eside ibhuloho libizwa ngokuthi limnyama ngenxa yomusi owawubuthe ekamelweni ngesikhathi sezulu. Kuphela emva kokugeza okuyi-chimney eRussia, baba nje amasobho. Isakhiwo ngokwalo kwakuyizindlu zokhuni ezinehhavini, ngosizo olwakhiwa ngalo ekamelweni lokushisa okudingekayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo esinjalo "esincane" sishaya kalula, uPrince Vladimir naye wakhipha umyalo, owayala ukwakhiwa kwamabhati ngemifula ukuze ugweme umlilo omkhulu. Lapho kutholakala ngamatshe okugeza eRussia, aziwa kahle, kodwa maphakathi nekhulu le-17 kwakukhona amakamelo omphakathi womkhumbi emadolobheni amakhulu.

Abesifazane namadoda

Kuze kube sekubuseni kukaCatherine the Great, amakamelo emibhangqwana ayejwayelekile kubo bobabili besifazane nabesilisa. Ezikhathini ezinjalo kwakungenakwenzeka nje ukugeza, kodwa futhi ukuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukuzwa izindaba zakamuva. Ekamelweni elikhulu kungaba ngamalungu emindeni eminingana enezingane ezineminyaka ehlukene, futhi lokhu kuziphatha kwakubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.

Ngumuphi umnyaka kwakukhona amabhati eRussia, ahlukaniswe ubulili? Ngo-1743, isinqumo seSenate sahlukanisa igumbi lokugeza lokungxenye ezimbili: owesilisa nowesifazane. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi emkhakheni wokugeza wabesilisa, abantu bobulili obuhlukile abaneminyaka engama-7 bavunyelwe, okufanayo kwakunesiqingatha sesifazane.

Ukunethezeka noma isidingo

E-Russia, ama-pair ayedlula zonke izindlu, uma ubukhulu bawo bevunyelwe. Kanye ngeviki, kaningi ngoMgqibelo, amanzi okugeza ayatshiswa futhi ahlanzwa umndeni wonke. Labo ababengenayo indawo enkulu epulazini kanye nasenzini yensipho babe nethuba lokuvakashela amabilidi avamile.

Izikhungo ezinjalo zisebenzela imali encane, noma ubani angathatha umshayeli. Ngisho nasekubuseni kukaVladimir Krasno Solnyshko, amabhati ayetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezehlukene. Ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, u-Agapiy owayedumile-umhlengikazi owaziwayo waphulukisa abagulayo kuphela ngamanzi okugeza nokuphulukisa amakhambi. Ukulandela umlando wendawo engcwele, bonke abantu abahluphekayo bavakashela izikhungo zokugeza izikhathi ezintathu ngenyanga.

"Owethu" ngaphandle

Lapho amabhuku efika eRussia, kuyacaca noma kucace. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abakwaRashiya babhanqa baye bakhuthaza kwamanye amazwe. Konke kwaqala ngohambo lukaPeter Omkhulu waya eFrance. Abalindi abahamba ne-tsar, ngenxa yokuthi "benza lutho" eside baqala ukulahlekelwa yimpilo yabo. Kubantu abasebenzelayo abazange balahlekelwe ifomu, uPetru wayala ukuba akhe emabhange aseSeine igumbi langempela le-steam yaseRashiya.

Abantu baseYurophu babesaba lapho bebona amadoda eqhutshwa ngesithambile ebhange, ejikijela emanzini abandayo. Kulokho inkosi enhle eyakutshela mayelana nezinzuzo zezempilo zalezo zinqubo.

Ukufuduka kwabantu baseRussia ngesikhathi sezinguquko kwaveza imiphumela: iMelika, iNgilandi ne-Afrika yafunda ngokukhona kwezinqubo ezinempilo ezinjalo.

Impilo nokuphila isikhathi eside

Lapho kubonakala kuRussia, okhokho bethu baqaphela masinyane izindawo zabo zokuphulukisa. Ngemuva kokufudumala, umzimba wawubekezelela kalula imithwalo ehlukahlukene, kwakulula ukululama ngemva kokugula okukhulu.

AmaTatars, isiFulentshi kanye nabanye abantu isikhathi eside bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yale ndlela "yasendle" yokubuyisela emuva, amadoda aseRussia ayenempilo enamandla nokukhuthazela okukhulu, futhi abesifazane babedume ngobuhle babo, ubuhle nentombazane yabo emnandi.

Ukwelashwa kwebhati kunomthelela omuhle kuwo wonke amalungu nezinhlelo zomzimba:

• Uhlelo lwezinzwa (cindezela futhi uphumule);
• I-cardiovascular (ukusheshisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wobuchopho uthuthukisa);
• Ukuphefumula;
• I-Endocrine.

Indawo ephathekayo

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izinsipho "zokuthenga" kwakuyindawo yokugeza nokuqoqa inhlebo. Kodwa emva kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zamatshe maphakathi namadolobha amakhulu - ngamabhabhinethi ahlukene, ama-buffet ahlanzekile - amabhati abe yindawo enkulu lapho abamele imindeni ehloniphekile bekhetha ukuqoqa.

Ama-aristocrats abuthana emjikelezweni omncane wokuxazulula izinkinga ezibalulekile, ukufunda izincwadi nokuphumula okulula. Ukulandela amaRussia, amabhangqa anjalo aqala ukuvakashelwa ngabangaphandle.

Amanzi okudume kakhulu "angokwenyama" angakwesokudla angabizwa ngokuthi uSandunovskie, okwathi ngesikhathi esisodwa aqoqa wonke umbala we-aristocracy. Futhi namuhla le nto iyisikhumbuzo sokwakha.

Isikhathi esisha, amabhati amasha

Umlando wamanzi okugeza eRussia ubude futhi ujabulise. Namuhla, ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka, igumbi langempela le-steam kunzima ukuthola emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngokuqhubekayo, izakhamuzi zama-megacities zikhetha ama-analogue angaphandle, angafuni ukusetshenziswa komshanelo, futhi, ngokushisa, ahluke kakhulu ekamelweni langempela le-steam yaseRashiya.

I-sauna yaseFinland, i-hammam yaseTurkey, izibhakabhaka zamaRoma zathonya izingqondo zabantu bekhulu lama-20 leminyaka. Izitayela ezintsha, amaSilav ahlanganisiwe ekuphishekeleni ukuphila okunempilo, aphikisana nemibono yokuphila okuhle ngokuvumelana nemvelo. Akusilo ngalutho ukuthi amaqaba angama-5 neyama-6 ayebheka njengokujwayelekile ukuhlanza imizimba yabo ngosizo lwama-whiskers ekamelweni elishisayo nelomngcwaba lokugeza futhi uphuze inani elikhulu lokuhlukunyezwa kwe-herbal.

Uma ubona uphawu "Bath Bath Russian" emzini, ungaqiniseka ukuthi awutholi lutho olwenziwe ekuqaleni kwasekuqaleni. Izakhiwo ezinjalo, ezihlelwe ezindlini noma ezitolo zokuthenga, zifana nezi-saunas.

Kodwa uma uthola isipho sokuvakashela igumbi le-steam yezwe, unganqabeli. Kukhona lapho ongathola khona ubunye beqiniso kanye nemvelo. I-sauna, evutha umlilo ngesitofu esivuthayo, esimi ngasogwini lomfula, iyojabulisa futhi inakekele impilo, amandla isikhathi eside, izokwenza umqondo ongenakulinganiswa.

Umlando wabantu baseSlavic ufihla izimfihlo eziningi nezimfihlakalo. Kodwa ngenxa yezincwadi, ososayensi kakade bathole izimfihlo eziningi. Mhlawumbe amaMongol aqinisile, futhi kwakungokugeza ukuthi kwakungendlela yokugcina impilo yomzimba kanye nomoya wamaRussia emakhulwini eminyaka adlule edlule.