Ukuguqulwa kukaFebhuwari ka-1917: isizinda nomlingiswa

I-Revolution kaFebruwari ka- 1917 ingenye yezihloko ezihlukunyezwe kakhulu kwi-historyography yaseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi akufanelanga ukunakekelwa okuningi okukhokhelwe kuwo kokubili esikhathini sobuSoviet nasezinsukwini zethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhulunywa kangakanani mayelana nokulungelelwa kwayo, inzuzo kubantu besithathu kanye nokujola kwezimali kwangaphandle, ukuguqulwa kukaFebhuwari 1917 kwakunezizathu ezizwakalayo nemibono eyayikhulile iminyaka eminingi. Kungenxa yabo kanye nesimo se-revolution esizoxoxwa kulesi sihloko.

Izimbangela ze-1917 revolution

Lo mcimbi empeleni awuzange ube uMbuso waseRussia ukushaqeka kokuqala kwezinguquko. Isidingo esibonakalayo sokuhlelwa kabusha kwesakhiwo esikhulu senhlalo, ezombangazwe nezomnotho saqala ukuzibonakalisa kusukela phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngisho neMpi YaseCrimea ka- 1853-56 yabonisa ukubuyela emuva kweRussia uma kuqhathaniswa nezifunda eziphambili zaleso sikhathi - eNgilandi naseFrance. Izinyathelo ezithile zithathwe empeleni, kodwa izinguquko ezinkulu zama-1860 azizange ziholele emiphumeleni eyanele. Izici zomthetho ekuqedeni i-serfdom futhi abavumelanga abalimi ukuba baphelele isifuba esigcwele, "ukubamba" ukukhiqizwa kwamanje futhi baqhubeka "bebamba" ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. Ukuqala kwekhulu elisha kuba yisikhathi sokuvuthwa komphakathi njalo eRussia. Ezweni ngemva komunye zivela futhi zenze amaqembu ezombusazwe ezinhlobonhlobo. Abaningi babo badinga isinyathelo esinqumayo kunazo zonke. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zokucindezela zikhona Isikhathi kwakuyi-democratization edingekayo yokuphila komphakathi, ukunciphisa ikusasa lekilasi elikhungethweyo, ukudala umthetho wezabasebenzi nokuxazulula ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinga lokusebenza elikhulayo kanye nabanhloko-dolobha. Akukho ukuguqulwa kuka-1905-1907, noma ukuguqulwa kweStolypin (ngokuyinhloko kwezolimo, okwenziwe njengomzamo wokuxazulula inkinga enkulu yokuphikisana kwezenhlalakahle-ohluphekayo) akazange iholele kunoma yini ebalulekile. Futhi iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, eyaqala ngo-1914, yaqhubeka yandisa isimo sezwe kuleli, laletha inhlekelele nokuwa kwezomnotho. Nakuba izenzakalo zika 1905-1907 azizange ziholele emiphumeleni eyifunayo, zazikhonza njengendlela yokwenza amalungiselelo okuqhubekela phambili. Ngakho-ke, izenzakalo zango-1917 zazizindlela zokuqhubeka kwezinguquko zika 1905-1907. Njengoba uhlanga lokugcina lwaluyinkinga yempi, ukuguqulwa kuka-1917 kwaqala ngokulwa nempi Imibukiso, izidingo zokuphetha ukuthula ngokushesha, futhi, ukuxazulula izinkinga zenhlalo ezibalwe ngenhla ezafinyeleleka ku-apogee yazo kule nkathi. Phakathi kwezizathu zanoma yikuphi ukubuyisana, kubalulekile njalo ukubiza izingcingo ezingakaze zenzeke ngaphambili, kodwa okwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ngesikhathi esithile. Esikhathini sethu, kufanele siqaphele ukwehla okubukhali egunyeni lomndeni wakwaRomanov. Uma engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, abalimi babekholelwa ku-"good tsar" ababengazi nje ngezinkinga zabo futhi bekulungele ukubeka ukuphila kwabo "umpristi wonke waseRussia," njengengqungquthela u-Ivan Susanin, khona-ke ukusabalalisa kwemibono yeningi-democracy nenhlalakahle kakade ekuqaleni Ikhulu lama-XX laphazamisa ukulalela okungaboni.

Imiphumela ye-1917 Revolution

Kodwa-ke, ngoFebhuwari futhi akazange alethe isixazululo kuzo zonke izinkinga. Izenzakalo ezithuthuka ngokushesha ziye zaholela ekwenzeni ukubusa kombuso kanye nokudemokhrasi kwesimiso sezombangazwe. Ekugcineni kwabikwa ukulingana komphakathi nokungahambi kahle komuntu. Kodwa-ke, leli zwe liye lahlala limile nakakhulu. Umphumela okhethekile wenguquko kwakuyizimboni ezimbili ezavela eRussia-amaSoviet of Deputies and Workers 'Deputies phansi kanye noHulumeni oPhezulu phakathi nendawo. Izinyanga ezalandela ze-stagnation yezombangazwe nezenhlalo zaphakamisa umbuzo wokuqhubeka okudingekayo kwezinguquko ezaqala. Lokhu kwakuwukuqhutshwa koMhlahlandlela ka-Okthoba ka- 1917.