I-Mesozoic Era

Inkathi yeMesozoic ibhekwa njengengxenye yesikhashana yokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Ezinye izazi ze-geologists zibiza ngokuthi "i-Middle Ages" yezinto eziphilayo.

Inkathi yeMesozoic yaqala emva kokuqedwa kwezinqubo zokukwakhiwa kwezintaba zeVariscian (Variscan), futhi zaphela ngokuqala kokuphakanyiswa kwe-Alpine (i-tectonic yakamuva yezinguquko).

ENingizimu Yezwe YaseNingizimu , ukuhlukaniswa kwezwe lasendulo laseGondwana kwaphela. Ngokuvamile, ukuphila kwenkathi yaseMesozoic kwakunokuthula. Izindlela zokwakhiwa kwezintaba zazingavamile futhi zihlala isikhathi esifushane.

Inkathi yeMesozoic yahlala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-160.

Kusukela ekubukeni kwezinto eziphilayo, le nkathi yayiyisikhathi sokuguquka kusuka emafenini amancane, amafomu amadala kuya phambili okuqhubekayo, okusha. Izwe ngaleso sikhathi lalihluke kakhulu kunePaleozoic, kanti izilwane nezilwane zazivuselelwe kakhulu.

Isikhathi seMesozoic. Izikhathi

Kunezigaba ezintathu kule nkathi.

I-Triassic yokuqala - ibizwa ngokuthi i-rock complexes ezintathu ezihlukene zifakiwe ezindaweni zayo. Zifaka ne-neper - engenhla, i-limestone - ephakathi, isihlabathi se-continental - esingaphansi. Isici esiningi kunazo zonke izitshalo ze-continental rock (eziningi nge-carbon lens), ama-shales, ama-limestone olwandle, i-gypsum, usawoti, i-lagoon anhydrides.

Esikhathini seT Triassic, izwekazi laseNingizimu (Gondwana) lijoyine leli zwekazi elisenyakatho (Laurasia). Ngokuhambisana nalezi zinguquko ekusatshalazweni komhlaba nolwandle, ukwakha izintaba, ukwakheka kwezindawo ezintsha zentaba-mlilo, kwakukhona ukuhlakulela nokuvuselela kokuphila kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kulokhu, izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezifuduka ezivela ePaleozoic kuya eMesozoic. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, zonke lezi zici ziwumphumela wezinhlekelele ezinkulu ezenzeka emngceleni wezinsuku.

Isigaba esilandelayo, esihlanganisa iMesozoic Era - Jurassic. Kwaqala cishe ngo-200, futhi kwaphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-145.5 edlule. Isikhathi se-Jurassic sesinye sezikhathi ezidume kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni iplanethi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusabalala phakathi kwezitshalo kwakungama-gymnosperms nama-fern. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izimo ezizungezile zazifana nezimo ze- Carboniferous period, ngoba kwakhiwa ukukhanya okukhulu kwamalahle. Izwekazi elikhulu elikhona ohlelweni lwePermian, elaqala ukuhlukaniswa ohlelweni lwe-Triassic, lwaqhubeka lubola. Le nqubo yaba nethonya elikhulu emifuleni yolwandle, inani lemvula, isimo sezulu kanye nemibandela yokuphila kwezinto eziphilayo ngokujwayelekile.

Inkathi yeJurassic ibhekwa ngokuthi "yisikhathi sezilwane ezinwabuzelayo". Izwe lalinabantu abadinosaurs. Ezilwandle zahlala plesiosaurs kanye nama-ichthyosaurs, emoyeni - pterosaurs. Phakathi kwama-dinosaurs waqala ukwakha izinhlobo ezinkulu. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kwakunezinhlobo ezincane ezinamandla zokuzibulala. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yeJurassic, ukuqoqwa kweziqephu ezinamandla ezinamatshe okwe-limestone - umgodi waqala. Ngakho, kwavela isigaba esisha.

Ukuqala kwesikhathi seCretaceous kubonakala ngezinye izenzakalo ezinkulu ekubunjweni kwezwe eliphilayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zokuqala zezimbali zaqala ukuvela , izinsalela ezihlala kuzo ezimelelwa izinkuni namaqabunga ezinhlobo ezikhula namuhla (isibonelo, elm, oki, willow, maple). Imfuyo ye- Cretaceous period ifana nalokho eyaqala ngesikhathi seJurassic.

Ukuphela kwalesi sigaba kuboniswe i-orogenesis ejulile (isakhiwo sezintaba) eMpumalanga Asia, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Amadwala we-Sedimentary, anqwabelene ne-Andes Geosyncline ngezikhathi eziningana, ahlanganiswe futhi ahlanganiswe ngamafolda. Ngakho, ama-Andes akhiwa.

Umsebenzi we-volcanic wanda ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Ingxenye yonke engeningizimu yehlonhlo laseHindustan yayigcwele i-lava (ngaleyo ndlela yakha ipulazi elikhulu, "uDean"). Ekupheleni kwe-Mesozoic Era, ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kubhalwe kuwo wonke amazwekazi.