Popovich Pavel Romanovich, cosmonaut: biography, isithombe

NgoJanuwari 19, 1969, e-Evpatoria Space Flight Control Center, uPavel Romanovich waqondisa izenzo ngezinyanga. Esikhundleni sezinombolo ezidingekayo kanye nezibonakaliso zekhodi, wakhipha ihlaya ngokuhamba kwakhe kwenyanga emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, ubuholi be-NASA kwakungewona amahlaya.

I-America ishaqeka

"Ngobusuku, Dawn, Ngingu-Eagle Golden, ukulungele ukuhlala eNyangeni" - izwi elivela esikhaleni sangaphandle lizwakala isithulu futhi lizwakala. Lapho nje uRichard Milhouse Nixon, umongameli we-United States of America, enikeze lo mlayezo we-Radio uP. P. Popovich, ngokushesha wathatha umamukeli wocingo: "Siphumelele lo mhlanga!"

Popovich Pavel Romanovich, cosmonaut No. 4

Phakathi kwalabo abasebenzisana nabo emasontweni, waphawula ngokuhleka okukhulu, izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezimvo nezimfanelo zomholi. Kwakungelona ize ukuthi uP.P. Popovich wayengumphathi weqoqo lokuqala lokuqothulwa kwezinto ze-cosmonaut, wabizwa lapha - "umphathi omkhulu".

Ngezindlela eziningi wayefana noYa. A. Gagarin - uhlobo olufanayo-ukumomotheka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlakanipha, ukulungiswa ngokomzimba okuhle kakhulu. Ukuhlonipha esitokisini sabathakathi, njengalabo ababengaphambi kwakhe, bajabulela uPavel Romanovich Popovich. I-biography yezimbili ze-cosmonauts yayifana nendlela abahamba ngayo abaningi abahamba ngayo: isikole sokufundela, iqembu lezindiza, i-technical school of labor reserves, esikoleni esindizayo.

Ubuzalwane besikhala

Abantu abayisithupha bahlala esitokisini sokuqala se-cosmonaut ngemuva kokukhethwa okunonya. Ngamunye wabo waphupha ngokuba ngowokuqala. UPavel Popovich uphinde waphupha ngalokhu (izithombe zihanjiswe kulesi sihloko). Kodwa-ke, lapho u-Eugene Karpov, isazi esihamba phambili emithi yempi, wambuza: "Ucabanga ukuthi, uPaul, ngubani okufanele aqhube kuqala emkhathini?" UP. Popovich waphendula ngokuzimisela: "U-Yuri Gagarin."

KwakunguPopovicha umklami oyinhloko uSp. P. Korolev owacela ukuba axhumane ne-cosmonaut yokuqala yomhlaba. Isazi sengqondo sokuzalwa, uPavel Romanovich Popovich wadala isimo sengqondo esasikulula kuGagarin ukuba anqobe ubunzima bokushayela okokuqala.

Isiqalisi sokuqala isikhala

Agasti 1962 unyaka. Ngosuku olulodwa, u-Andriyan Nikolayev noPavel Popovich baqala indiza yesikhala. Kokubili cosmonauts, A.G. Nikolaev onesibonakaliso sokuthi "Falcon", noPopovich Pavel Romanovich, ogama lakhe lingu "Berkut", abonise, ngokusho kukaSergei Pavlovich Korolev, ubungane bezizwe - iChuvash ne-Ukraine.

Lena yindiza yeqembu lokuqala emlandweni wezwe we-cosmonautics. Ukuphuma komkhumbi ku-orbit isikhala bekuvamile. Ngokusho komklomelo oyinhloko, imikhumbi yeVostok-3 neVostok-4 kwakudingeka ihlangane kunokwenzeka ngangokunokwenzeka futhi isebenzise isikhathi sokuxhumana endaweni yokubonakala.

Isihlukumezi esivela esikhala

Ukuxoxisana nomhlabathi, yonke imibono eyinkimbinkimbi yezingcingo zakhiwe ku-Flight Control Center. Lokhu kwakukhathalela isimo sezempilo ze-cosmonauts. Uma ikhanda libuhlungu, lesi simo sasibizwa ngokuthi "savuka", uma ukuhlanza kanye / noma isisulu sokudla - "ukuduma kwezulu". Ikhanda langempela labaphathi bezindiza yilo mbiko olandelayo we-astronaut eGulf of Mexico.

UPopovich uPavel Romanovich uyabika: "Ngiyahamba ngeGulf of Mexico, ngibona ukuduma okukhulu." Imibuzo yophiko yaba yinto ephikisanayo, yiliphi uhlobo lokuduma, liye laqala isikhathi eside kangakanani, futhi liyini amandla alo? I-Pavel Romanovich inokuphazamiseka: ngokuqinisekile isiphepho phezu kwe-Atlantic sashukunyiswa kakhulu yiziphathimandla ze-cosmic?

Lesi siphepho esinzima sabethusa odokotela noSergei Pavlovich Korolev ngenxa yezizathu ezicacile. Ithonya lokungalingani emzimbeni womuntu alizange lisetshenziswe ngokwanele. Empeleni, ukulinganisa, kwakuyisitha esiyinhloko sama-first cosmonauts aseSoviet. Ukuqothulwa ngokweqile ekuqeqesheni kwaba, okokuqala, ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi ngalokhu. Idivayisi ye-Vestibular yezinkanyezi yahlushwa ngempela ngesikhathi sokuqeqesha ngaphambi kwezindiza eziya endaweni yokuhamba.

Buyela emhlabeni

Abadlali bezinkanyezi bahlala ngosuku olulodwa, nakuba uPopovich Pavel Romanovich, i-cosmonaut No. 4, kwadingeka ajikeleze ngolunye usuku. Isizathu sasiyinciphisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphakathi komkhumbi, ngenxa yokuthi kwakukhona ingozi yokuhluleka kwamabhethri okugcina.

Owokuqala wangena endaweni eyabelwe Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev. Umoya onamandla usususwe kakhulu ePavel Romanovich kusukela ekufikeni kokubalwa, ngoba isambatho sendawo esindayo asizange sivumele ukulawula idamu leparachute. Ngenhlanhla, konke kwavela, futhi cosmonaut Popovich Pavel Romanovich wagcwalisa ngempumelelo ukuhamba kwakhe okokuqala ku-spacecraft enezintambo ezine-vostok-4, esitholile isihloko se-pilot-cosmonaut ne-Gold Star yokuqala ye-Hero yeSoviet Union (1962).

Ubuntwana be-Astronaut

Kusukela ekucabangeni kukaPavel Romanovich: "Ngokushesha ngemva kwendiza yendiza, ngafika ezweni lakithi. Abantu bakuleli zwe bevela kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngaphambi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-Dnieper yazwakala izingoma zomculo. "

Futhi kuze kube namuhla emzaneni wase-Uzin, eduze kwedolobha laseBelaya Tserkov, ukuthi esifundeni saseKiev, kukhona indlu lapho kuzalwa khona u-cosmonaut Popovich Pavel Romanovich. I-biography ye-cosmonaut yesine yeplanethi iqala ngo-Okthoba 5, 1930, lapho i-cosmonaut yesikhathi esizayo, uMajor General we-USSR Air Force, isakhamuzi esihloniphekile seminye imizi yase-USSR neBulgaria, uPovich Pavel Romanovich wazalelwa emndenini wabasebenzi abavamile, uRoman Porfirievich noFoodsiyasiya Kasyanovna Popovich. Umndeni we-cosmonaut wesikhathi esizayo wawuhlala kabi, kodwa abantwana, futhi babekhona abathathu emndenini wasePopovic, bakhuliswa ngothando nangenhlonipho komunye nomunye, emsebenzini kanye nabazali babo. Abahlali bendawo bathi kusihlwa endlini ehlala kuyo umndeni wasePopovic, ukuhleka kwezingane kanye nengoma enhle bekuvame ukuzwa.

Eduze emzaneni wase-Uzin kwakusezindaweni zezindiza zempi. Lapha impilo yayivutha imini nobusuku, izindiza zahlala zihlala phansi futhi zahlala phansi. Imisindo yezindiza zezindiza yabangela ukubonga futhi ijabulela ePavel omncane.

Intsha Ethukile

Impi edolobheni u-Uzin yafika kusihlwa, ngokushona kwelanga. Kwakungekho ezinye izingoma nokuhleka kwenjabulo endlini kaPapaviches, futhi imigwaqo yendawo yakhishwa.

Ngelinye ilanga umlilo wezindiza wawuzwakala ngemuva komfula, futhi esibhakabhakeni isibhamu esivuthayo saseSoviet savela, sisondela ngokushesha emhlabathini. Zonke izakhamuzi zagijimela emaphethelweni emadolobhaneni, endaweni yokuwa komshini wezempi waseSoviet. Ubaba kaPavel, uRoman Porfirievich, uthole umshayeli obulawe esiteshini esivuthayo. Ukushisa okukhulu, okutholakala ngesikhathi ezama ukukhulula umshayeli wesibhamu, washaya kakhulu ubaba wakhe embhedeni.

Umfana wahlala eyedwa kuphela emndenini, futhi bonke ubunzima bokuphila kwakhe omdala ayekwazi ukufunda kusukela esemncane. Kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sekwephuzile ebusuku umfana wayesebenza ensimini ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabahlaseli baseJalimane. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakungenzeka ukuweba ngaphansi kwempuphu yama-fascists ukudla okuthile kubo kanye nabathandekayo babo. Endlini yamaPapaviches, izikhulu zaseJalimane zalala, omunye wabo wanquma ukufundisa uPavel ulimi lwesiJalimane futhi igama ngalinye elingalungile lizwakala ngishaya le ndoda enebhande.

Ngokuziphindiselela, uPavel wahlaba amaNazi onke amasondo emotweni emi egcekeni lawo. Ngakho, enganeni, walwa nabahlaseli.

Impi yayicindezela uP. P. Popovich, yaqinisa umoya wakhe. Kuye, amaqhawe langempela ayengabaqhubi bezindiza. Yena ngokwakhe wayefuna ukuhamba ngenkani futhi enenkani waya ephusheni lakhe. Kodwa wakwazi ukuphakama kakhulu.

Popovich Pavel Romanovich: biography iDemo

• Ekupheleni kwesikole sobuciko e-White Church, ngo-1947, uPavel Popovich wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala yezobuchwepheshe, enekhwalithi "umbazi wesigaba sesi-5."
• Ngo-1951, i-cosmonaut yesikhathi esizayo iphetha izifundo zayo eMagnitogorsk Technical School of reserve zabasebenzi futhi ithola okhethekile njengomchwepheshe wokwakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uP.P. Popovich uthola amakhono okuhlola i-U-2 indiza, ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa ngempumelelo eqenjini lendiza lendawo.
• Kusukela ngo-1952 uPavel Popovich ungumqeqeshi we-Stalingrad Military Aviation School of Pilots (VAUL), owasekelwe kusukela ekuthunjweni eNovosibirsk.
• Ngemuva kokuqedwa kuka-WAUL, i-cadet uP. P. Popovich waqhubekela phambili izifundo zakhe eSikoleni Sama-Command Instructor of the Air Force eGrozny.
• Ukusuka ngo-1954 kuya ku-1957, uPavel Popovich wakhonza njengomshayeli wezokulwa e-265th Aircraft Regiment ku- Karelian ASSR. Khona-ke uba umshayeli omkhulu, futhi kamuva oyinhloko yabasebenzi beqembu.
• Kusukela ngo-May 1958 uPavel Romanovich Popovich - umqhubi omkhulu we-234th Guards Regiment.

Kusukela ngo-1959 uPavel Romanovich uyilungu lombutho we-cosmonaut. Ukushayela kokuqala ukuya ku-orbit owawenza ngo-1962. Futhi, ukubheka uMhlaba emkhathini, kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi nambili.

Imigomo nezinhloso zesikhala sesibili sendawo

Ngonyaka we-1974. Ngaphambi kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kusekude. UColonel Pavel Romanovich Popovich ulungiselela indiza elandelayo. Lesi sikhathi, njengoba kwakumenyezelwe ngokomthetho, isiteshi se-orbital isikhala "Salyut-3". Eqinisweni, indiza yayilungiselelwe isiteshi sezempi sokuqala esithile esikhethekile se-Almaz.

Abasebenzi be-Soyuz-14, ngaphezu komlawuli wamaphoyisa uP. P. Popovich, nabo bahlanganisa injiniyela yendiza uJay P. Artyukhin, i-cosmonaut engu-30 yase-USSR. Ngokusemthethweni, inhloso yendiza ehlangene yezinsuku ezingu-15 yayiyi:

• Izifundo ze-geological and morphological of the surface of the earth;
• Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuphila komthelela wesikhala sangaphandle emisebenzini ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu;
• Ukutadisha izenzakalo zemvelo ezihlotshaniswa nezakhiwo zasemkhathini.

Kodwa-ke, izifundo zesayensi zesikhala esiseduzane-Earth aziwona umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhamba isikhala. UColonel P. R. Popovich noLt Col. Yu P. Artyukhin bobabili abaqhubi bezempi, lokhu kwakuyiyokuqala e-cosmonautics yaseSoviet. Leli qiniso labangela ukukhathazeka okukhethekile kwezazi ze-US NASA. Kuze kube manje, onjiniyela bomphakathi babehamba ngezindiza njengabanjiniyela bezindiza.

UPavel Popovich nomlingani wakhe babe nomsebenzi okhethekile - ukuhlola isikhala. Ngosizo lwemishini eyingqayizivele yalezo zikhathi, abadlali bezemvelo bafaka izithombe zokufaka ezempi zesitha esicatshangwayo. Amandla we-lens kwakungokuthi kusukela emkhathini kwakungenzeka ukuhlukanisa iloli emotweni. Ngakho-ke, singacabanga ukuthi uPavel Romanovich uyinhlangano ye-intelligence space yokuqala emhlabeni. Ngenxa yale ndege kanye nokufezwa okuphumelelayo kwemisebenzi ebekwe, abasebenzi beSoyuz-14 njengengxenye kaP. P. Popovich noYu. U-P. Artyukhin wanikezwa imiklomelo emihle kakhulu kahulumeni. KwaVavel Romanovich lokhu kwakuyisikhwama sesibili esiphezulu se-Motherland.

Ikusasa le-Astronaut

UVavel Popovich wayethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenza nabo. Indoda elula futhi enhle, wayehlala ephethe amahlaya noma iyiphi into engavumelani nayo. Wakwazi ukuthola igama elifanele nokusekela umuntu esimeni esinzima. Osebenza nabo baqaphele ukuthi uPavel Romanovich akayena kuphela umphefumulo wenkampani, kodwa futhi ochwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu, okwazi ukuxazulula imisebenzi enzima kunazo zonke zomsebenzi.

Isiphathimandla se-astronaut samvumela ukuba abe iPhini likaPhezulu e-Supreme Soviet yase-USSR iminyaka engu-24 futhi emelela iphhini lesigungu izikhathi eziyisithupha kwi-Supreme Soviet yase-Ukrainian SSR.

Ngo-1993 uPavel Romanovich wasula. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha nokuphumula akuzange kumvumele ukuba ahlale emsheni. Kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, umshayeli we-pilot-cosmonaut wayebandakanyeka emisebenzini yomphakathi, ephethe izimali ezihlukahlukene nezinhlangano, kubandakanya amazwe angaphandle.

EGurzuf, ngemuva kokushaya kanzima, eneminyaka engu-29 kuya ku-30 kuSeptemba 2009, eneminyaka engu-78 ubudala, umshayeli-cosmonaut No. 4 uPopvich Pavel Romanovich washona. Umngcwabo wenziwa emathuneni eMoscow Troekurovsky. Ethuneni lomdlali wezinkanyezi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ungabona izimbali eziphilayo ngokukhumbuza umuntu omkhulu.