UMongameli kanye noHulumeni wase-France

Kuyini isakhiwo Uhulumeni French? Yini amandla enza umongameli State? On zale mibuzo neminye eminingi izoba iyaphendulwa kulesi sihloko.

UHulumeni French: umbono jikelele

UMthethosisekelo French ngokuyifunda "uhulumeni" izakhi ezimbili eziyisisekelo: undunankulu nabefundisi. Izikhonzi ehlangana ngamaqembu amabili: uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe - ngaphansi eholwa uMongameli kanye neKhabhinethi - ngaphansi kobuholi kukaNdunankulu. Inhloko yakwa-Government isiFulentshi, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izikhonzi amiswa ngokuqondile nguMengameli France.

Ngokombono wezomthetho buka, ukukhetha umengameli ayibangelwa lutho futhi akugcini: ke ingaqoka kukaNdunankulu muntu. Nokho, umkhuba, konke kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Ngakho, umongameli ekhetha, njengoba umthetho, umholi phakathi iningi ebusweni. Kungenjalo, kukhona ngokuvamile kuba khona ukungqubuzana nePhalamende: mayelana netinyatselo ngekwemtsetfo, izinhlelo, kanye nokunye ..

Offset izikhonzi futhi kwenziwe nguMongameli. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka ngenkululeko kukaNdunankulu.

Mayelana Institute of Government French umthwalo ePhalamende

Izihloko 49 no-50 soMthethosisekelo France wasungula ilungiselelo ezithile umthwalo ePhalamende. Yini-ke nokuthi sihlobana uhulumeni? Umthetho eyinhloko yezwe sinquma ukuthi ungqongqoshe French prime kumele ngokushesha isicelo ukwesula umongameli labo. Nokho, lokhu kumele kwenzeke kuphela ezimweni ezithile, kuhlanganise nalokhu okulandelayo:

• ISishayamthetho Sikazwelonke ayakuphuma "sola isinqumo."
• ISishayamthetho Sikazwelonke wenqaba ukuvuma uhlelo uhulumeni noma izitatimende zenqubomgomo nokusebenza okujwayelekile.

Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwesula French uNdunankulu, njalo luhambisana nomthwalo ukwesula ephelele lonke iKhabhinethi. It bavunyelwe njengoba ukwesula yokuzithandela kukaNdunankulu, futhi ngenkani.

Inqubo yonke ezichazwe ngenhla iyisibonelo kwesimiso iqondene nezithiyo nezilinganiso. Lona Institute of umthwalo ePhalamende.

UHulumeni France njengoba sikhungo ngokusuka zomthetho

NgokoMthethosisekelo isiFulentshi, uhulumeni sikhungo main ukuthi yini ukuveza isibalo enkulukazi netinyatselo ngekwemtsetfo. Ngokuphambene, abasephalamende efanayo, okungukuthi France, uhulumeni uyakwazi ukukhipha izikweletu ezinjalo, okuyinto izobanjelwa zonke izigaba inqubo zomthetho futhi ngokuqinile aqiniswa ifomu kwemithetho.

Uveza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko izikweleti: izinqumo nezahlulelo. Izimiso ziyizenzo ekhethekile komthetho eqokiwe. Izinqumo futhi babe umlingisi okuthiwa neziphathimandla zokulawula: ngokuvumelana Art. 37 soMthethosisekelo, imibuzo angase akhishwe inyumbazane ngenxa uhlamvu ngokomthetho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazi kuwele ngaphansi komthetho.

On indima French uNdunankulu

UNdunankulu French, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, uMongameli we-Government. Isigaba 21 soMthethosisekelo French usungula isimo salo futhi imibuso emikhulu, kuhlanganise:

• buholi babohulumende;
• ukulawula ukuzivikela kazwelonke (kuleli cala UNdunankulu oluwulwazi wemfanelo);
• ngokuphoqelela umthetho;
• ukuqaliswa neziphathimandla zokulawula;
• ukuqokwa kwabantu abathile ku izikhundla yamasosha noma zomsebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, undunankulu uyakwazi ukuthatha ezihlukahlukene izenzo zomthetho futhi normative. ONgqongqoshe yena, labo abazokwazi ezifana izenzo kontrassignirovat. Le nqubo sisungula sihloko 22 soMthethosisekelo France.

UMongameli kanye uNdunankulu: icebo ubudlelwano

Njengoba eRussia, umongameli French futhi undunankulu - wokuqala futhi isiqu sesibili isimo. Ngakho ukuthi awaphikisani noma ezinye izinkinga eFrance kuvikelwe ezimbili Amacebo ubudlelwane phakathi osopolitiki ababili. Okusho ukuthi, ngamunye izifunda?

Eyokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi "de Gaulle -. Debré" Empeleni kwalo ulula. Uhlelo lufaka iningi pro-omongameli Sikazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNdunankulu kanye uhulumeni abanalo uhlelo eziwumgogodla nezizimele zezombusazwe. Yonke imisebenzi yabo kulawulwa inhloko yezwe kanye iphalamende.

Uhlelo yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo "kohabitatsii" noma isikimu "Mitterrand-Chirac". Ingqikithi yalolu hlelo - kumiswa aphikisayo iningi ephalamende. Nejoka umengameli - ongakhetha kuzo ukuthi iningi uNdunankulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka uhlelo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu: umongameli undunankulu kukhona izimbangi, ngoba, eqinisweni, izinhlelo ezimbili ezehlukene. nezindaba Domestic asidlulisela uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe; inqubomgomo angaphandle ilawulwa inhloko yezwe.

Yiqiniso, uhlelo lwesibili izikhathi eziningana kangcono futhi ngokuyimpumelelo. Ubufakazi zalokhu ziningi, kodwa kungaholela eyodwa futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu: umncintiswano fair futhi umzabalazo isiqongo zezombusazwe cishe njalo kuholela ukuba bathuthuke.

Uhulumeni wesikhashana France: GG 1944-1946.

Ukuze ube nokuqonda okucacile futhi enembile ukuthi uhulumeni usebenza eFrance, singakwazi zilandise njengesibonelo simiso uhulumeni wesikhashana, kwakheka Okwesine Republic.

Ukudalwa uhulumeni wesikhashana kwaba Agasti 30, 1944. ejensi Kwaholela, Jikelele Sharl De Goll, umholi kanye umxhumanisi "Mahhala French". Isici ngokumangalisayo uhulumeni ukuthi kufakwe amaqembu eziqanjiwe kakhulu futhi delightfully ezahlukene: the Socialist, Democrats yobuKristu, amaKhomanisi nabanye abaningi. Uchungechunge yezinguquko ezahlukene zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, lapho izinga lokuphila ezweni uvukile kakhulu. Kuhle kokusho mayelana ukwamukelwa ngo-September 1946 ka isiSekelo soMbuso esitsha.

UMongameli French: oda ukhetho

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo ukuthi, yini amandla ohulumeni France futhi yini isakhiwo it has, kubalulekile ukuya embuzweni olandelayo ku umongameli French.

Inhloko Umbuso akhethwe lukazwelonke oqondile. Igama elithi ka ihhovisi likamengameli lilinganiselwe kuya eminyakeni emihlanu, nomunye kanye nomuntu ofanayo akakwazi ukubamba ihhovisi likamengameli amatemu amahlandla angaphezu kwamabili alandelanayo. Abazobhapathizwa kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka engu-23 ubudala. Candidacy kumele kuvunywe kwabaphathi abakhethiwe. Inqubo yokhetho oluphethwe uhlelo iningi, e 2 izigaba. Iningi kumelwe ukudayela nguMengameli wezwe olandelayo yeFrance. Uhulumeni umemezela ukhetho futhi uqeda kubo.

Uma umongameli ekuseni anqamule amandla abo, kuba iPhini likaMengameli we-iSigele. Izibopho lomuntu kukhona ngandlela-thile: akusiyo anekhono, ngokukhethekile, ukuncibilikisa yesiBethamthetho seNarha, shayela inhlolovo noma ukushintsha komthethosisekelo.

UMongameli inqubo ukufuduka

INkantolo eNkulu Wezobulungiswa yenza isinqumo ukususwa kusuka umongameli amandla akhe. It is fixed Isigaba 68 soMthethosisekelo French. Eqinisweni, ukwenza inqubo enjalo kuyinto kuthathelwe izinyathelo uMengameli. Ngesisekelo esiyinhloko umongameli ukuchema kwakhe okuthunyelwe - ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemisebenzi yabo noma ukusebenza, aluhlanganiswa igunya. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ihlanganisa isisho yokungathembani inhloko yezwe, elikwaziyo ukukhonza uhulumeni.

ephalamende isiFulentshi, noma kunalokho, omunye emagumbini ayo, omula dalo futhi shift High Chamber. Kulokhu, ezinye chamber ePhalamende kumele asekele isinqumo ngowokuqala. Kwenzeka lonke icala kuphela isinyathelo zenziwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu amavoti ePhalamende. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isinqumo seNkantolo ePhakeme oyakungena force ngokushesha.

UMongameli amasosha omzimba

Esinye isihloko kufanele nakanjani uthinte - lokhu amasosha omzimba kamongameli. Ukuthi kuyinto EFrance? Ngokusho isihloko 67 soMthethosisekelo, umongameli ushwele athwale icala zonke izenzo ezenziwa nabo okuthunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhishwa namandla inhloko yezwe unelungelo ukuba singaba nganoma nguliphi izinkantolo French ukunikeza kobufakazi obuphathekayo. Icala, uphenyo, iqoqe ulwazi forensic - konke lokhu kufanele futhi ningathinti inhloko yezwe lapho kukhishwa amandla ayo.

Umongameli French uye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kube okuzivikela kushushiswa. Nokho, lokhu amasosha omzimba kuba yinto yesikhashana bese kungenziwa okwesikhashana inyanga eyodwa ngemuva ngokungeza umongameli imisebenzi yakhe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le amasosha omzimba asisebenzi-International Criminal Court. Umongameli French akuyona able kuze khumba nga ucingo kulesi sigigaba. Lungisa le isikhundla 68 532 soMthethosisekelo French.

"Okomuntu siqu" amandla kukamongameli France

Kuyinto, ekugcineni, mayelana nemisebenzi esemqoka kanye namandla we-yombuso French. Bonke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: siqu futhi kwabelwane. Zinjani amandla siqu? Abanaso zidinga countersign ezikhonzayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umongameli uyakwazi ukwenza kubo ku abo futhi uqobo. Nazi avelele lapha zihlanganisa:

• UMongameli uba arbiter kanye guarantor. Libhekisela injongo inhlolovo, basayine se-Odinensi, nokuqokwa kwamalungu amathathu, ngokubona koMkhandlu, nokunye. D. Kukho konke lokhu, uMongameli kufanele basizwe Higher oPhethe yeMantshi.
• UMongameli baxhumana kwemitimba yabohulumende zezombusazwe kanye nezikhungo. EPhalamende, namajaji (ukulamula umbango, ngokoMthethosisekelo, nokuthola ubulungiswa international), uhulumeni - France kufuna ukuba zonke lezi zindikimba inhloko yezwe ubophekile ukuba njalo ukukhulumisana. Ikakhulukazi, uMongameli kufanele ukusingatha imiyalezo iPhalamende, ukuqoka UNdunankulu, kubamba umhlangano lomkhulu webantfu Council of Ministers, nokunye. D.
• Inhloko isimo iphoqelekile ukuba bathathe zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze uvimbele obumbi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwamukelwa of amandla oluphuthumayo (lokhu umisa ilungelo Art. 16 soMthethosisekelo). Nokho, umongameli ubophekile ukuba uthintane anjenge uhulumeni waseFrance (ukwakheka kwalo kwenza ukuba ibe ephelele), iPhalamende, uMkhandlu yoMthethosisekelo, nabanye.

amandla "okwabiwe" kukamongameli France

"Okwabiwe" amandla kamongameli, kunokusebenza "siqu" kudinga kontrassignirovaniya ngongqongqoshe. Yini ukubalekela imithwalo yemfanelo yokuba inhloko yezwe ungabahlukanisa?

• Abasebenzi amandla, noma ukwakheka uhulumeni waseFrance. Kuyacaca kakade, ukuqoka usihlalo uhulumeni nabefundisi.
• Ukusayinwa izimiso nezimiso.
• Libize ephalamende okungavamile.
• Ukuqokwa Inhlolovo futhi ukulawula abulawe yayo.
• Nemidanti kwamaZwe futhi ukuzivikela.
• Esimemezelweni (ukushicilelwa) imithetho.
• Isinqumo ngobumnene.