Viktor Petrovich Astafev - Biography. Ukudala, uthando ukuphila, izithombe

Abaningi kithi izenzo Victor Petrovich Astafieva yezifundo zezikole. Lokhu izindaba impi, futhi indaba impilo kanzima edolobhaneni ongumlimi isiRashiya, futhi zibona on endaweni ngaphambi nangemva izindaba zempi kuleli zwe. Ngiqinisile umbhali kazwelonke kwaba Viktor Petrovich Astafev! Umlando wakhe - sibonelo esigqamile ukuhlupheka futhi khona esidabukisayo kumuntu ovamile ngenkathi Stalinism. Ezinkondlweni zakhe abantu Russian uvezwa hhayi ngesimo uyiqhawe onguMninimandla onke kazwelonke, kungaba lapho yokubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nanoma ibuphi ubunzima ukulahlekelwa, njengoba sathathwa ukumela ngaleso sikhathi. Umbhali yabonisa kanzima kanjani umthwalo impi futhi kombuso wobushiqela ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi kuleli zwe, ngokuba ongumlimi elula Russian.

Viktor Astafjevs: Biography

Wazalelwa umbhali-May 1, 1924 ku Krasnodar esifundeni, edolobhaneni Oatmeal endaweni Soviet. Iphinde lidlule ebuntwaneni somlobi. Ubaba walo mfana, uPetru Pavlovich Astafjevs, nonina, uLidiya Ilinichna Potylitsyn babe abalimi, waba umnotho oqinile. Kodwa ezikhathini collectivization umndeni abaxosha. amadodakazi amabili amadala uPetru Pavlovich noLydia Ilinichny wafa isakhasa. ngokushesha uVictor kwesokunxele ngaphandle abazali. Uyise ugixabezwe "ukuketula." Umama ziminze Yenisei, lapho eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Kwaba ingozi. Kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sikebhe lapho uLidiya Ilinichna phakathi kwabanye wahlamba emfuleni ukuze uhlangane umyeni wakhe ejele, sicwila. Yena yawela emanzini, lo wesifazane ubanjwe etshekile ngoba Bon, waminza. Ngemva kokufa abazali bakhe lo mfana wakhuliswa umndeni nomkhulu. Xhumanisa ukuqamba ingane basheshe bafika. Kamuva, njengoba umbhali, Astafjevs ukhumbula indlela ugogo Katherine babembiza ngo "vrushey" emcabangweni futhi engenamkhawulo. Ukuphila ngaleso ubudala kwakubonakala inganekwane. Wayengumngane izinkumbulo kuphela egqamile yobuntwana. Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo, isikole Victor wathunyelwa esikoleni ofunda uhlala kuso edolobhaneni Igarka. Kube wayephila ukuphila kunzima. Umfana ngokuvamile besprizornichal. boarding Mfundisi Christmas Ignatius ubonile abafundi isifiso sokufunda. Wazama ukuthuthukisa ke. Ubhala umfana mayelana echibini esithandayo kamuva ubizwe okungenakufa umsebenzi wakhe "Vasyutkin echibini" nakabekwa umlobi odumile. Ngemva kokuphela ekilasini lesithupha esikoleni esiphakeme, uVictor efika FZO ujantshi esikoleni. Waqeda ke ngo-1942.

zokuba umuntu omdala

Ngemva kwalokho, le nsizwa isikhathi esithile ukusebenza esiteshini zemininingwane umenzi eduze emzini Krasnoyarsk. Impi kwabangela izinguquko ekuphileni kwakhe. Ekwindla ka okufanayo, ngo-1942, wazicelela ngaphambili. Lapha ayekhona, futhi artrazvedchikom, futhi umshayeli kanye signalman. Viktor Astafjevs wabalwela Poland, Ukraine, walwa at eKursk. Phakathi lokulwa, wayengumuntu eyayilimele sina futhi igobolondo-washaqeka. nezigigaba lakhe lempi kwanikezelwa izindondo "Ukuze Isibindi", "Ukuze yokukhululwa Poland", "Ukuze Ukunqoba phezu eJalimane" futhi Order of Red Star. Ngemva demobilization ngo-1945 esifundeni esise-Ural Chusovoy luhlala Viktor Petrovich Astafev. Umlando wakhe wayenza esiyindilinga entsha. It uqalisa esinye nokuphila okunokuthula. Lapha-ke ubuyisa nomkakhe, kamuva eyaziwa njengendlela umlobi - M. S. Koryakinu. Babengabantu ehluke ngokuphelele. Babalelwa ku-Victor njalo lalingaphezu abesifazane. Kwaba umuntu kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi onamadodakazi amabili engumlanjwana. Umkakhe nomona, Maria. Yena ngiphuphe ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayethembekile umndeni. Lapha, Chusovoy, uVictor kuthatha kunoma iyiphi umsebenzi ukondla izingane zabo. Umshado ayezalelwe bobathathu. Le ntombazane amadala Maria Victor elahlekile. Wayengumngane kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa lapho eshona esibhedlela kusukela dyspepsia ezinzima. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1947. Futhi ngo-1948, Astafieva Indodakazi yesibili wazalwa, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i-Ira. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 umndeni wazala indodana Andrew. Izingane Viktor Petrovich Astafieva wakhula ezinzima. Ngenxa isimo sempilo, kubukela phansi yimpi, umbhali esizayo wayengakwazi ukubuyela okukhethekile yakhe, elungiswe ukuqeqeshwa endaweni yokukhanda. Chusovoy kwakhe kwakumelwe bazikhandle futhi umakhenikha, kanye Loader, kanye Foundry efektri yendawo, nokuthola Washer izidumbu efektri amasosishi umbazi edepho.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

ibhizinisi Ukubhala uhilela amakhosi ikusasa izwi. Lapha, Chusovoy, waya umbuthano etemibhalo. Nguye ukhumbula indlela Viktor Petrovich Astafev. Umlando wakhe is kancane eyaziwa, ngakho abafundi bakhe ezibalulekile kunoma imiphi imininingwane ephathelene nokuphila futhi lokusungula. "Isifiso sokuba ngokubhala, kwadingeka ngokushesha. Ngikhumbula kahle kakhulu, ngaleso sikhathi, lapho ngiye emhlanganweni wabo umbuthano tetemibhalo, omunye nokuhwebelana ufunde indaba yakhe esanda ebhaliwe. Umsebenzi wobuciko yangishaya nge artificiality yayo, unnaturalness. Ngayithatha futhi wabhala indaba. Kwaba ekudalweni wami wokuqala. Kuyo Ngakhuluma ngabangane bakhe sempi "- akhuluma ngawo okokuqala umbhali wakhe. Igama umkhiqizo wokuqala - "ongekho empini". "Chusovoi isisebenzi," esanyatheliswa ephephandabeni ngo-1951, kuba. Indaba kwaba yimpumelelo. Okulandelayo iminyaka emine, umbhali kuyinto bahlobanisa kwezincwadi nomagazini ukubhala. Ngo-1953, e-edolobheni lasePerm, iqoqo yakhe yokuqala izindaba short osesikhundleni "Kuze kube entwasahlobo elandelayo." Futhi ngo-1958 Astafjevs wabhala inoveli "Ukuqeda Snow", okuyinto egqanyisiwe izinkinga yasemakhaya ukuphila epulazini ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokushesha, ukuqoqwa tindzaba letimfisha yesibili onesihloko esithi "Lights" eyakhishwa Viktor Astafjevs. "Izindaba izingane" - kuchaziwe umbhali indalo yakhe.

Tale "Starodub". I yenguquko umbhali

Viktor Astafjevs ubhekwa self-wafundisa. Ezemfundo njengoba enjalo akazange, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi bazama ukuthuthukisa bomsebenzi wabo. Kuze kube yimanje, umbhali kule minyaka 1959-1961 ukutadisha ngaleso Higher izifundo wokubhala eMoscow. Omagazini Urals ngezikhathi ishicilela imisebenzi yakhe Viktor Petrovich Astafev, ogama biography uvezwa lapha. Kuzo, lapho eveza khona inkinga ngokujulile ukwakheka komuntu womuntu, esakhula ngayo ezimweni ezinzima 30s, 40s. Lawa izindaba ngokuthi "Theft", "Kugcine uMnsalo", "Somewhere impi rattles" nabanye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abaningi babo bangabantu ngokuphila kwakhe. Lapha futhi yesehlakalo lezintandane ukuphila, okwethulwa zonke nesihluku yayo futhi abaphucwa of abalimi, nokunye okuningi. I senguquko Astafieva umsebenzi baba inoveli yakhe "Starodub", ebhalwe ngo-1959. Isenzo kuthatha indawo esivumelwaneni laseSiberia lasendulo. Imibono kanye emasikweni Amakholwa Old akuzange kumenze uzwela Victor. Ehlathini imithetho, "ukholo yemvelo", ngokusho umbhali, asisho londoloza umuntu isizungu nokurarulula imiraro ngokucindezela. Umvuthwandaba imisebenzi - kokufa protagonist. isandla lomufi esikhundleni amakhandlela - imbali Starodub.

Astafjevs ka uhlamvu Russian endabeni "Leli sosha lafika base nonina"

Lapho uchungechunge imisebenzi kombhali kwaqala "uhlamvu kazwelonke Russian"? Ngokusho baxgeki yobuciko, nendaba Astaf'eva "ibutho kanye nomama." Ngesikhathi indalo uhlamvu main ayinakho igama. It kubonisa bonke abesifazane Russian ngaso enhliziyweni lapho kuhamba "yensimbi esinda isondo impi". Lapha umbhali kudala izinhlobo okunjalo kobuntu kwenza ezithinta ngokoqobo yabo, eyiqiniso, "uyini ngempela." Izimangaliso, futhi kanjani ngokuphepha master emisebenzini yakhe lembula izinkinga ezibuhlungu yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Umthombo oyinhloko, eveza oluvela Astafev Viktor Petrovich - Biography. Le nguqulo esifushane akunakwenzeka ukuba bavuse inhliziyo umuzwa yomfundi okuhambisanayo. Ngalokho-ke kubhekwa impilo enzima umlobi kuyinto imininingwane ngalokujulile.

Isihloko impi ngemisebenzi umbhali

Ngo-1954 kwafika "ingane intandokazi" umlobi. Kuyinto ngendatjana "Umalusi futhi shepherdess." Vele 3 izinsuku master wabhala uhlaka Amakhasi 120. Kamuva, yena nje iphucuziwe umbhalo. Indaba wayengafuni ukuphrinta excised unomphela kusukela kuzicucu yakhe yonke ukuthi akazange avumele ukucwaninga. Kuphela emva kweminyaka 15, umlobi wakwazi ukuyikhulula e owaqalwa. Maphakathi eyibhalela - indaba intokazi umkhuzi Boris Kostyaeva Leli qembu, okuyinto libhekene izinto ezinyantisa umzimba empini, kodwa namanje uyafa enamanxeba futhi ngikhandlekile esitimeleni ethwele kuye kuya ezingemuva. uthando sowesifazane asisho londoloza umlingisi lomcoka. Ngo indaba umlobi udonsa umfundi isithombe esibi of impi nokufa, okuyinto uphatha. Akukho nzima kakhulu ukubona ukuthi kungani umkhiqizo akafunanga ake ekukhanyeni. Abantu owalwela kanye bayinqoba impi, kwakuyisiko ebonisa enamandla, enamandla, ezingxabanweni. Ngokusho izindaba master, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi goba kodwa futhi ababhubhise. Ukufa bokuhlukaniswa abantu behlupheka hhayi kuphela ngenxa abahlaseli, owafika ezweni lawo, kodwa futhi ngentando uhlelo wobushiqela, owandile ezweni. Astafieva lokusungula Victor agcwaliswa, kanye neminye imisebenzi eyenzelwa athakazelisayo, njengathi "Sasha Lebedev", "ukulala okhathazekile", "Hands unkosikazi", "India" lokuthi, "ukuhwalala blue", "Russian Diamond", "Ngosuku olucwathile khona" nabanye.

Tale "Ode Russian ikhishi ingadi" - uba nehubo yenkuthalo ongumlimi

Ngo-1972, umkhiqizo wawo olandelayo kudedela Astafev Viktor Petrovich. Biography, emfushane okufushane zazo uvezwa lapha ithakazelisa kakhulu. Umlobi wakhulela emzaneni. Wambona ngaphandle. Wayengekhona alien nokuhlupheka ubunzima abantu abathintekayo emuva-breaking zabasebenzi okungukuthi ajwayelekile kuye kusukela ebuntwaneni. Tale "Ode Russian ikhishi ingadi" - umsebenzi okungukuthi uhlobo ingoma ka ongumlimi zabasebenzi. Umlobi E. Nosov bathi ngaye: "It is hhayi ezixoxwa futhi sung kuya ..." Ukuze uthole elula emzaneni umfana engadini - akusiwona nje indawo lapho ungakwazi 'ugcwalise isisu ", futhi umhlaba wonke ugcwele izimfihlakalo izimfihlo. Kuyinto kuye futhi esikoleni wokuphila, futhi Academy of Fine Arts. Lapho ufunda "Ode" engashiyi umuzwa yokudabuka ngokuvumelana elahlekile zomsebenzi yezolimo, okuvumela umuntu yokujabulela ubuhlobo anikeza ukuphila unina nemvelo.

Story "uMnsalo Kugcine" Life edolobhaneni

Ongumlimi indaba ephathwayo umbhali Viktor Astafjevs yokuzenzela, eminye imisebenzi yakhe. Omunye wabo - uchungechunge tindzaba letimfisha onesihloko esithi "uMnsalo Kugcine". Ukulandisa ngokungathi nguwe okhulumayo. Maphakathi ukudalwa umbhali - isiphetho izingane ngomzana, ogama ebuntwaneni kwaqondana iminyaka yama-30, nalapho leliya lizwe waqala collectivization futhi intsha - ukuba "umlilo" le 40. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zihloko zezindaba sidalwe kwamashumi amabili (kusukela ngo-1958 kuya 1978). Ukulandisa kuqala kuhluke setfulo kancane lyrical, amahlaya ezicashile. Futhi endabeni yokugcina bubonakala ngokucacile ukuzimisela umbhali ngokuqinile sola uhlelo esibhubhisa ngesisekelo kazwelonke zokuphila. Ezwa usulu esibabayo evulekile.

Tale "Inkosi-inhlanzi" - uhambo ezweni lakubo

Ezinkondlweni zakhe, umbhali eba isihloko kulondolozwe amasiko kazwelonke. Indaba yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi "INkosi-inhlanzi", eyakhululwa ngo ukukhanya ngo-1976, iseduze emoyeni umjikelezo izindaba mayelana nempilo yasemaphandleni. Ngo-2004 e-Krasnoyarsk kwaba lesikhumbuzo yokudumisa iminyaka engu-80th somlobi. Manje ingenye izimpawu komuzi. Ngesikhathi le ncwadi yanyatheliswa kakade liyabonakala futhi umbhali ethandwa kuba Viktor Astafjevs. Ake ubone ngeso lengqondo ke - emakhasini phambi omagazini etemibhalo. Singathini ngale ncwadi? Ngendlela ezithakazelisayo yokondla ukwaziswa komkhiqizo. Umbhali uveza isithombe imvelo acwebile, angathintwanga impucuko, ukuphila kwabantu ezindaweni ezijulileyo eSiberia. Abantu ozindinganiso zakhe zokuziphatha ziye kulahlekile obubusa ezinhlwini ayathuthuka ukudakwa, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukweba, isibindi, kukhona ezidabukisayo.

Impi inoveli "Makaqalekiswe futhi wabulawa" - ukugxekwa Stalinism

Ngo-1980 wathuthela ezweni lakubo - eKrasnoyarsk - Viktor Astafjevs. Biography lapha akashintshi zibe ngcono. ngemva kokususwa Eminyakeni embalwa ngokuzumayo uyafa indodakazi Irina umbhali. Viktor noMaria Semenovna phindisela izingane zakhe, nabazukulu bakhe UPauline vitya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba lapha, ekhaya, kukhona inkosi ngiyibona zokudala. Wabhala imisebenzi efana "Zaberega" "zinamabala", "umbono ice drift," "KuFa," esahlukweni sokugcina "Kugcine uMnsalo" nabanye. Lapha-ke yadalwa ileja yakhe empini - noveli "Makaqalekiswe futhi wabulawa". Lokhu kudalwa umbhali ehlukanisa nokucija, categorical, nogqozi. Ukuze ngokubhala Romana Astafev waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State yeRussia.

Unyaka ka-2001 kwaba umbhali we izindaba okungenakufa ebulalayo. Uhlala isikhathi esiningi esibhedlela. Amabili unhlangothi engashiyi ithemba yokutakula. Abangane bakhe lanxusa Krasnoyarsk Regional Council of amaphini ku ukwabiwa kwezimali ukwelapha umbhali phesheya. Ukucutshungulwa lolu daba isibe Isivivinyo lembhali. Kwakungekho lemali. Odokotela, esakaza izandla zakhe, isiguli wathunyelwa ekhaya ukuba afe. Novemba 29, 2001, wafa Viktor Astafjevs. Amafilimu wenza emisebenzini yakhe, futhi namuhla izilaleli ethakazelisa kakhulu.