Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, "engcwele Childe uHarold": isifinyezo. "Engcwele Childe uHarold" - inkondlo izingxenye ezine

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola inkondlo Byron, eyakhishwa esikhathini kusuka 1812 kuya 1818, ke lizanikela isifinyezo. "Engcwele Childe uHarold" - yigama lo mkhiqizo edumile emhlabeni wonke.

Okokuqala, amagama ambalwa mayelana nomlando omubi ekuphenduleni inkondlo. Byron ekupheleni June 1809 waqala uhambo lwakhe eneminyaka emibili. Waya Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Albania, Greece. Poet nesithakazelo endleleni abantu bakula mazwe siphile, lokho amasiko abo. kokuqhathanisa Komphakathi, naye kwadingeka abhekane, ikakhulukazi wamshaya. Byron wabona kobugqila omashiqela bakwamanye amazwe, unfettered. wahlambalaza namandla yakhe ephelele abantu bendawo. Zonke lezi okuvelayo kuholele obonakalisa imbongi ngezindaba ezakha esiqintini senkondlo, isifinyezo yayo. "Engcwele Childe uHarold" - umsebenzi lapho umlobi ithinta phezu nezindaba ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni yesimanjemanje, kanye inkinga okuphakade.

Lona uhambo oneminyaka emibili unikeze okuningi imbongi. Waqaphela ukuthi olunezintambo yakhe kufanele ukusebenzela umphakathi. Byron wazizwa ubizo lakhe civil. Phakathi nale minyaka engu-2 imbongi wabhala 2 iculo lokuqala inkondlo yabo esikhathini esizayo "Childe uHarold engcwele." Isifinyezo emfushane kakhulu lo msebenzi kunikeza umbono nje mayelana icebo, kodwa hhayi mayelana nezici kwezobuciko. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka engxenyeni eyinhloko isihloko, sizobe ukusho amazwi ambalwa ngazo.

romanticism Byron

Le ncwadi ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli ngosuku lokuqala Byron, romance, futhi romance of uhlobo olusha, okuyinto ihlukile ezazingaphambi kwayo. Dzhordzh Gordon akusho ugijime kusukela ngokoqobo, ngokungafani nezinye abaculi zezwi. Imbongi uvikela inkululeko abantu ilungelo labo inalienable ikululeko impi kazwelonke. Byron ukhuluma evikela umuntu womuntu fojisa nobudlova. Nokho, kudinga isinyathelo, futhi kusukela endoda ngokwayo. Imbongi ulahla ihlazo lakhe ukukhulekela unya.

Njengazo zonke romantics, Dzhordzh Bayron uyakhazinyuliswa nemvelo. Kodwa kulesi sici lihlukile ezazingaphambi kwayo. Imbongi wahlabelela Ningakusho abstract, kodwa maqondana indoda. Byron umangalele ukuthi intuthuko engokomoya kuphela futhi indoda khulula bangazizwa ngokuvumelana nemvelo. izikhathi Ukuxhumana ogcwele yonke inkondlo. ukukhanya Modern likhanyisa esidlule futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zisenza sikwazi ukubona esikhathini esizayo.

Izici eziyinhloko umkhiqizo, sibonile ngaphambili. Manje uqhubeke ngqo okuqukethwe kule nkondlo isifinyezo "Childe uHarold engcwele."

1 ingoma (isifinyezo)

Ingxenye yokuqala libhekisela ayehlasela amabutho sikaNapoleon phezu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Poet like abaseSpain, ababelwa abahlaseli. Dzhordzh Bayron ukukhombisa abantu isixuku izigcawu, esenzweni, lapho abantu ukuzijabulisa, ukusebenza, ukulwa. Ensimini yakhe umbono futhi ahlukile ungubani nobuqhawe. Ngokwesibonelo, utshela indaba Ntombazane ka saragossa. Impumelelo emzabalazweni izakhamizi eSpain imbongi imbangela uyazicabangela ubunye iqhawe kubantu. Lokhu kunqoba kubalulekile kwabanye abantu abacindezelekile ngubani ulindele ukuthi Spain uzokwazi ukuze sithole inkululeko. Imbongi unethemba lokuthi wakhe avuke izakhamuzi kwamanye amazwe. Yilokho abakushoyo enkondlweni yokuqala ingoma "Childe uHarold engcwele."

2 iculo

Isifinyezo umkhiqizo ingoma yesibili eba okuqukethwe kulowo odlule. Umbhali uyaqhubeka isihloko olwisana abantu. Phakathi nalolo hambo, Childe uHarold e-Albania, bese uwela Greece.

Incazelo Greece

Ingxenye enkulu ye ingoma yesibili lunikezelwe lizwe. incazelo yalo futhi ukuqhubeka ukuthuthukisa isifinyezo. "Engcwele Childe uHarold" - umsebenzi lapho Byron ubona umehluko phakathi esidlule yaseGrisi, okuyinto wayeke waba enkulu ngempela, futhi ngaphoxeka nesimo abantu ngaphansi kwejoka Turkish. Dzhordzh Gordon Uyazazisa "Hellas enhle". Kodwa injabulo yakhe luthathelwa indawo intukuthelo maqondana inzalo yakhe, ngubani azithoba kwejoka abanqobi-abangabazi. Greece, waphawula, wanyathelwa odakeni. Bend emuva ngaphansi izigqila Turkish ngeziswepu, kodwa ngesiGreki bathulile. Lokhu ephazamisa imbongi.

Kodwa ulaka lwakhe esikhundleni ithemba lokuthi abantu basaphila "amandla inkululeko okungenakudanjiswa" abokhokho esingokwemvelo. Futhi-ke kudinga lizwe ukuze nivukele ukulwa. Uthando Byron eGreece uhlala ingashintshiwe. Esigaba nkondlo esizinikezele kuye, zisisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi kungani Dzhordzh Gordon wanquma iqhaza emzabalazweni wenkululeko abantu ngesiGreki.

Ukushicilelwa amaculo ezimbili zokuqala

Izingoma zokuqala ezimbili ngemva inkondlo azalelwa Mashi 10, 1812 I ngenhla sathunyelwa isifinyezo yabo. "Engcwele Childe uHarold" iwine ngokushesha ukuqashelwa. Byron emva kokushicilelwa izingoma ezimbili zokuqala wathola notoriety okukhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wema izinhlelo eziningi, futhi ukuthandwa George Gordon wakhula usuku nosuku.

ingoma Okwesithathu

Kufika eSwitzerland, Byron waqala ukutadisha ukuphila kuleli zwe. Konke okwakukuhle kuye emangalisayo, it is sihleli encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku futhi izincwadi. Ngakho-ke, ukuchaza abantu bendawo, ngisho nendlela yabo yokuphila, imvelo kanye sites omlando. Zonke lezi kokuma ziyafakwa inkondlo "Childe uHarold engcwele." Isifinyezo ingoma lwesithathu esinikezwa ukunakwa kwakho.

Ukushintshwa kwalo kwabonisa indlela isipiliyoni travel imbongi. Byron waphoqeleka ukuya Switzerland, sashiya izwe lakubo. Kuleli zwe, yena Muses ngempi Yasewaterloo (imbongi lokuqala wavakashela leli sayithi mlando), izingxoxo mayelana ukunqotshwa Napoleon.

Ukucabanga kwi War

Buka imbongi nge impi Yasewaterloo sekuqalile ukuba zibone ngeso lengqondo isimo ngokubabazekayo. Byron akagcini ukucabanga ngaleyo mpi, ukuthi asiyeki ongaholela isintu amakhulu amaningi eminyaka wabhubhisa ubuhle njengomuntu owenziwa ngezandla, kanye yemvelo. Imicabango impi sivele uma hero lyrical komkhiqizo iqhathaniswa izenzakalo zempi Waterloo, eyaqala ngekhulu le-15, lapho idolobha Morat wabalwela ukuzimela. Byron uthi impi akuyona iwine omashiqela, nokuhlala, inkululeko, umthetho. letinhloso kuphela ezingaba yizizathu empini olunegazi, wacabanga Dzhordzh Bayron ( "engcwele Childe uHarold").

Nokho, Isifingqo ingxenye yesithathu kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela ecabanga empini. Sikunikeza ukuba simazi kangcono nezinye izihloko ezibalulekile Byron ukucabanga.

ebuhlotsheni bomuntu nemvelo, futhi ukukhazinyuliswa Rousseau kanye uVoltaire

Dzhordzh Gordon ubhekisisa ubunjalo Switzerland, kuziwa embonweni wokuthi wonke umuntu luyingxenye yobuntu. Intokozo ukuphila ngobunye nalo. Ekuthuthukiseni umqondo wakhe, imbongi kukhazimulisa uthisha Rousseau, ngubani wakhuthaza ubuhlobo babantu nemvelo. Lokhu sefilosofi bamemezela imibono inkululeko nokulingana. Byron uthi omunye sefilosofi, uVoltaire. Walungisa izingqondo abantu lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Ingqondo yakhe ephapheme 'esisekelweni ukungabaza "esungulwe isonto" imicabango edlubulundayo. "

Ngakho, encwadini yesithathu nkondlo kuveza imicabango imbongi kanye izenzakalo ukuthi ukuyaluza ngenkathi umhlaba wonke. Byron interweaves ngendlela ekhululekile, lelandzisako khulula amaculo imvelo sikubeke efaneleka futhi izici bomlando ahlukahlukene, futhi uhlobo yesehlakalo lapho ibhola liboniswa ngaphambi kwempi ye-Waterloo.

ingoma 4th

Manje chaza ingoma 4th nkondlo "Childe uHarold engcwele." Yaqalwa ngonyaka ka-Italy futhi lwanyatheliswa ngo-1818. kuqala Ukuze Byron Italy waba sesimweni lapho ngaqaphela eziningi ekuphileni kwakhe futhi nemibono. Kwaba Dzhordzh Gordon lapha usethole injabulo siqu, ababone nge Terezoy Gvichchioli.

incazelo Italy

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ngoma lwesine ivolumu e umkhiqizo. It Byron ulwela ukwakha isithombe ahlukahlukene futhi ebalulekile yezwe, elaba ikhaya lakhe lesibili. Dzhordzh Gordon wayejabula kakhulu e-Italy. Siyabahlonipha okusezingeni eliphezulu isiko laso wobuciko kanye esidlule zomlando. Nokho, imbongi namanje embuka ufana nomuntu akasikhohliwe abantu bakhe futhi lakubo. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, "kuyilapho ulimi yaseBrithani umsindo", uzogcina emzini wakhe inkumbulo imbongi omkhulu Dzhordzh Gordon Byron.

"Engcwele Childe uHarold" nokho enikelwe ikakhulu incazelo ngamanye amazwe. Isithombe imbongi Italy - izwe ukuthi ezinye izizwe ayinakuba ongamazi. Byron wayeqiniseka ngokuthi udumo, "izizwe kumelwe bame ngezinyawo." Nokho, wanxusa amaNtaliyane ngokwabo futhi ukulwa. Uthi kufanele sikhumbule izibonelo emlandweni wombuso, okwakuyohambisana esidlule nobuqhawe. Kukhunjulwa abantu kumelwe sihlale amadodana alo amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ebhekisela Venice, lisikhumbuza abantu "inkululeko Kweminyaka." Byron akakwazanga ukubona ukuthi yena sibekezelele ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela. Aqiniseka ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu ukuvuthwa futhi ikhula kuphela ukulwa.

I-agumenti mayelana namaqhawe isiNtaliyane, izihlakaniphi nezazi izimbongi

Ngo Ferarri uthi Torquato Tasso, imbongi George Gordon Byron ( "engcwele Childe uHarold"). Isifinyezo umlando kuhlotshaniswe negama lakhe, kufanele kushiwo nakanjani.

UMbusi ngaphambilini ukumemezela Tasso crazy, ngemva kwalokho imbongi ayichitha ejele iminyaka 7. Byron uthi igama iNkosana sika isikhathi eside ngabe ukhohliwe, uma ubugebengu bakhe engakaze exhumene ne isiphetho Torquato. Italian namaqhawe, izihlakaniphi nezazi izimbongi yonke imigwaqo. Dzhordzh Gordon ubiza Florence, endaweni okwazalelwa Boccaccio, Petrarch futhi Dante, "idolobha owayengenakho ukwazisa," njengoba lapha "ngisho busts kungekho." "Izwe ngamaphupho akhe" kwaba eRoma, lapho imbongi wachitha mavesi eziningi. Byron Bheka emanxiweni kanye izikhumbuzo uzama ukungena esikhathini esidlule ukuze ngivuselele yizinto zesikhathi esidlule.

Ukubheka umlando

Ingoma nelesine eziningi izincazelo ezikhangayo Italy. Nokho, kusobala, futhi kuwo, njengoba Byron uzama ukunqoba linqoba umqondo romantic of emlandweni wesintu e inkondlo yakhe "Childe uHarold engcwele." Amazwibela zezinhloko umsebenzi - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, njengoba kukhona kungukucatshangwa eziningi futhi cishe awekho icebo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imbongi ngokuvamile ebahlaba umxhwele nge bekhethiwe yayo oluphathelene nezenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Yena ukhuza emcabangweni wakhe siqu, ukuze lokumba agumenti, adonswa qiniso. Ngo amavesi abazinikele Revolution eFrance, Dzhordzh Gordon unethemba lokuthi okusanhlamvu kutshalwe inkululeko, esikhathini esizayo, "ngeke zisaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu."

Isikhathi kanye Ingunaphakade

Byron, kanye izingoma ezintathu ezidlule ngentshiseko uchaza ubuhle bemvelo e okwesine kule nkondlo "engcwele Childe uHarold", sifinyeto okuyinto vele eduze sokugcina. Isithombe kolwandle, okwethulwa ekupheleni umsebenzi, memorably, njengoba umfanekiso we-Velino Waterfall, idlulisela kubo bonke ubuhle balo. Ngokombono George Gordon, nemvelo inikeza umuntu ithuba ithintane iphakade. Engqondweni okuphakade imbongi sika - isigaba ezingaguquki. Isikhathi siyahamba njalo, kunjalo nje kuhlala isikhashana. Isikhathi sokuqalisa ngokuvamile ingamamitha uGeorge Byron ngidabukile nesigayegaye. Nokho, uxhuma nabo ithemba. Imbongi ukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ayeyochayeka yilabo anyundele kuye. isikhathi kuphela wezinguquko "izahlulelo zamanga".

Lokhu uphela "engcwele Childe uHarold." Amazwibela izingoma yalo msebenzi, yebo, ukunika kuphela umqondo jikelele ke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkondlo Wathunjwa by A. S. Pushkin, ngubani ngisho eyenziwa nokuhunyushelwa kwalo. Umkhiqizo unezinkolelo emnandi kakhulu uGeorge Byron kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukundlula emsebenzini wakhe.