Biography Lesia Ukrainka: izithombe futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

izincwadi Umhlaba unothile nge amagama ababhali kanye izimbongi, omsebenzi wakhe athumba izinhliziyo izigidi. Phakathi kwazo igama imbongi enkulu Ukraine, owaziwa kokubili ekhaya aphesheya. Abaningi bajwayelene namazwi izinkondlo zakhe. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi okuthakazelisayo futhi esimangalisayo biography of Lesya Ukrainka. Yayiyini alwenza ekuphileni kwakhe?

Ukunqoba umoya womuntu

Biography Lesia Ukrainka agcwele ubuhlungu, uthando, ukuhlupheka umucu ucwaningo lokudala, okwavezwa e wakhe usebenza ngendlela emangalisayo abanamakhono. Bazibuza ukuthi ubani ngempela usizi nomgomo? Iqiniso lokuthi cishe zonke ekuphileni kwakhe wathatha indawo ulwazi izifo ezingelapheki, siyingozi emzimbeni ethambile?

Biography Lesia Ukrainka nezikulu isimanga. Ngenxa sofuba amathambo owesifazane konke ukuphila kwakhe waphoqeleka ukuba manqikanqika. Izifo, imbangela ukuhlupheka yena, ngaphambi kwesikhathi alethwe ithuna lover wakhe. Venter ngamabomu liphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe futhi nempilo yakho - uziphe ukuhlela umbhalo futhi ungalokothi evunyiwe lezinketho wakhe.

Hard ukukholelwa ukuthi owesifazane okuzelwe ethambile, singakhuthazela kubo bonke lobu bunzima okwakhuthazelelwa share yayo. Futhi akusho kuphela ukugcina umoya ziqotho, kodwa futhi ukudweba kusuka amandla kanye ugqozi ukudala imisebenzi amahle. Abaningi babo, efana biography ngokwayo Lesia Ukrainka, futhi namuhla uhlala uyafundisa. Bathwala ngokushaja omkhulu nethemba nomoya ayenganqobeki ukufundisa ubunene leqiniso.

Lesya Ukrainka: Biography umbhali Ukraine

Ukuqalisa bajwayelane Biography of Lesya Ukrainka, omunye uyaqaphela ukuthi sidalwe ngobuciko. nethimba wakhe lalinabashumayeli nabantu abanamakhono kokuvamile, wafundiswa futhi zokudala.

I abaseduze indoda yakhe - kanina - kwaba imbongi edumile Ukraine futhi umhumushi owadala mbumbulu Olena Pchilka. Okwamanje, efanayo igama lakhe kwakunguKetura Olga Kosach. Igama lomsebenzisi yena "wakhala" omunye owaziwa umbhali Ukraine Panas Mirny, ngenxa yokuthi wayejwayelene nomsebenzi wayo ezinzima kakhulu futhi umsebenzi elithelayo.

umzalwane kamama Wayeyisazimlando abadumile Ukraine futhi folklorist, i isibalo somphakathi asebenzayo, amela umsuka zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni Ukraine. Igama lakhe - Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov.

Endlini zazivame ngokuvakashela abameleli esivelele nezazi Ukraine. Ukuxhumana nabantu kwamasiko futhi abafunde kakhulu, yebo, kwaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni isiyonke amantombazane, kwi ukwakheka umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke, kanye nentuthuko yayo esizayo njengoba imbongi.

Lapho ungafunda ngokuphila kwakhe?

Umlando Onekhono eliqhakazile Lesya Ukrainka ngolimi Ukraine esiqukethwe izincwadi kanti luyatholakala abafundi ukutadisha izikole ulimi Ukraine. Poet ngokuqinile oluthatha indawo yokuqala elicembu abalobi engcono izimbongi Ukraine, ukutadisha lokusungula enikeza uhlelo esikoleni.

Abafundi ezikoleni isiRashiya e-Ukraine, kuhlanganise Russian nasemazweni angaphandle, nawo ayafundelwa nezincwadi Ukraine. Bayakhuthazeka yazi Biography of Lesya Ukrainka ku Ukraine.

It unikeza wonke labantu abakhuluma isiRashiya e-Ukraine, kanye namanye amazwe abafuna sifunde ngokuphila imbongi, ngesiRashiya utlole izincwadi eziningi futhi zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, kanye nezincwadi abezindaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, biography of Lesya Ukrainka ngesiRashiya (kanye Ukraine) lutholakala esidlangalaleni ku-intanethi.

Indaba yokuphila kwakhe kuyinto azinake kwabaningi. Akukhona nje kuphela umsebenzi owusizo imbongi, kodwa intando yakhe okungenakudanjiswa, saba nesifiso sokuphila nothando.

Umlando Omfushane Lesya Ukrainka. umsuka

Igama lakhe langempela - Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Wabelethwa ngenyanga kaMhlolanja ngomhlaka 13 (okusha Style 25th) 1871 e Novograd naseVolyn emndenini Ukraine wekuvana inzalo yabadala.

Abazali imbongi esizayo - abomdabu of Ukraine kwesokunxele yasebhange - esezinzile naseVolyn esifundeni ehlobo 1868. Kusukela Kiev, umkhaya wathuthela endaweni entsha lapha inkonzo kayise.

Inhloko yomkhaya, uPetru Antonovich Kosach, ummeli ngokuqeqesha yesikhulu, imatasa nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. inkonzo yakhe yesikhathi waqala olingana nonobhala Collegiate, okwesikhashana wakhonza njengephayona umholi yezikhulu ku Kovel wesifunda. Kusukela 1901-th - langempela ikhansela isimo. Uvekalsya izincwadi nokudweba. Indlu ayebuthana njalo abaculi, abaculi, ababhali, amakhonsathi umndeni yayiqhutshelwa khona.

Umama poetess Olga Petrovna Kosach (Dragomanova) zivela gentry lawela, umbhali Ukraine, isikhulumi, ethnographer. Njengoba sekushiwo, igama layo - U-Olena Pchilka. Ngokuzimisela ukunyakaza yabesifazane, umshicileli almanaha "umqhele yokuqala".

Umlando Omfushane Ukraine Lesia Ukrainka kuboniswe esihlokweni ngezansi (bheka "Mayelana wakhe - e ulimi lwaso.").

nethimba

umalume wakhe (umalume umbhali) kwaba umlobi odumile, umhlaziyi folklorist bese tetemibhalo, isazi futhi isibalo somphakathi Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov. wohlanga olukhulu Ukubambezeleka, ngesikhathi sakhe, wakhonza njengephayona likaprofesa e-University of Kiev, bese uprofesa wase-University of Sofia (Bulgaria). Yena wabambisana Ivan Franko.

UMalume wadlala indzima lesembili ekubumbeni ukubukwa nomshana: wamupha izinkolelo zakhe sezenhlalo, izimiso ukukhonza ezweni. Ngosizo lwakhe, imbongi esizayo balitadishisise izilimi eziningana zakwamanye amazwe futhi wakwazi ukubona amasampula izincwadi emhlabeni zakudala.

Anti Lesya (okuthiwa imbongi esizayo umndeni), Elena Antonovna Kosach, khona wamavukelambuso asebenzayo. Ngo-March 1879 ngokubamba iqhaza kokubulawa, esinye sezikhulu gendarme, yena wadingiselwa eSiberia iminyaka 5. Ngalesi umcimbi Les iphendule inkondlo yakhe yokuqala, "Ethembeni" (1880).

esewusana

Wayengumngane nolimi kumfowabo omdala Mikhail. Ngokubambisana imfundo yamabanga ekhaya, ukwenza amakhosi esinqunyiwe.

Funda Les wafunda eminyakeni 4. Siyabonga kunina ekuseni umxhwele ubuciko bomlomo Ukraine.

Kusukela 1878, waqala ubungani nalomunye dzadze kayise - umamekazi ala mafutha zashiya izibazi kokubili empilweni nasemsebenzini imbongi.

Ngawo lowo nyaka lo mkhaya uthuthela emzaneni Kolodyazhni (naseVolyn), lapho uyise, ngubani wadluliswa ukuze usebenze Lutsk, ithenge umhlaba.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, waboshwa futhi badingiselwa eSiberia anti, Elena Antonovna Kosach.

Kodwa ngo-1880 umyeni wakhe waboshwa futhi ababedingisiwe omunye anti, Alexandra Antonovna Kosach (Szymanowska), lelo, kanye namadodana akhe amabili bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile emndenini umfowabo. Anti Sasha waqala Lesya umculo lokuqala uthisha.

Ebusika 1881 intombazane ithole umkhuhlane omubi, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi ithuthukiswe isifo esiyingozi kakhulu haunted ukuphila kwakhe. Waqala ubuhlungu babulawa emlenzeni wakhe, khona-ke waqala ukuqaqamba esandleni.

Odokotela kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini ekuqaleni rheumatism. Izimpawu zalesi sifo buye neutralized ngosizo kadokotela nabo. Kodwa kuphela okwesikhashana.

Auto Biography of Lesya Ukrainka ngolimi Ukraine iqukethe izambulo ukuthi kufanele kuwumshikashika impilo yonke nobuhlungu bakhe okwesabisayo futhi ukuhlushwa. Le ntombazane ethambile kwadingeka uhlamvu asicekeleki futhi siqine okukhulu. "Dwellers ungakhali, mina smіyalas" - Uyabhala. On the Russian la mazwi elihunyushwe kanje: ". Ukuze hhayi ukukhala, mina ukuhleka"

uphethwe

Kolodyazhni emzaneni liye laba yindawo unomphela yokuhlala omkhaya. Lapha bazalwa abafowethu nodadewethu abancane (bonke emkhayeni abangu ondlile abantwana eziyisithupha).

Ngo-1883 (Les umfowabo Michael ngesikhathi wahlala futhi aqeqeshiwe Kiev) yena sitholakale sofuba amathambo, usebenze ingalo, ibangele ukuba sikhohlwe kuyo nge-career ye wopiyano ukuthi ukuphupha ngani.

Ubuyela Kolodyazhni lapho lulama futhi waqhubeka nemfundo ekhaya.

intsha

Ngosizo nonina, uqhutshelwa yaseYurophu, ehlanganisa i Izilimi zesiSlavic. Kanye Latin futhi yamaGreki asendulo. Yena othanda imidwebo.

Izinga lemfundo yasendlini Larysa Kosach kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi lapho eseneminyaka engu-19 yena yayisekelwe emibhalweni ososayensi abaziwayo, kwaba kodadewabo amabhuku okufunda ngesikhathi umlando ulimi Ukraine, esanyatheliswa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva (ngo-1918) e Ekaterinoslav lasendulo.

It uhumusha eziningi Ukraine (imisebenzi Heinrich Heine, u-Adamu Mickiewicz, uHomer Victor Hugo, Gogol nabanye.). Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sifo njalo lazenza wazizwa. Kodwa unina alethwe Lesya isiqhwaga ongenazo ilungelo ukunqotshwa ubuthakathaka kanye phezu-beveza imizwa yabo.

Ukuqala lokusungula

Nokho, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwedlula biography ocebile Lesia Ukrainka - imisebenzi imbongi.

Ngo-1884 uqala ngenkuthalo ukubhala (e-Ukraine). izinkondlo kweva - "Sappho," "Lily", "Red Langena ihlobo," njll -. Lviv ishicilela kukamagazini i- "Dawn".

Ekuhlaziyeni imisebenzi ebhaliwe

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzoba nombhali imisebenzi ehlukahlukene journalism, izinkondlo, nephrozi, idrama. Abaningi izosebenza emkhakheni temdzabu - ngezwi lakhe izoqopha ezingaphezu kuka-200 Folk imiculo. Yiba ngokuzimisela ukunyakaza kazwelonke.

udumo lwakhe Lesya Ukrainka uthole ngokwakha:

1) amaqoqo vesi:

• 1893rd: "On the Wings Yezingoma";
• 1899 th "UDuma namaphupho";
• 1902 d: "Impendulo";

2) poems:

• 1893rd "Old Tale";
• 1903rd: "Izwi Omunye";

3) AMD:

• 1913th: "Boyar";
• 1907-th: "Cassandra";
• 1905-th: "Ngo-catacombs";
• 1911 th "Ihlathi Iculo" nabanye.

Kodwa kuyoba khona-ke. Futhi okwamanje ...

ukuvuthwa

Kusukela ngo-1891 yesibili luhamba ku Galicia, eBukovina, wahlangana izibalo abaningi ababevelele Western isiko Ukraine: V Stefanik, I. Franko, A. Macovei, O. Kobylyanskaya, H. Kobrin.

Phakathi nonyaka (1894-1895) uhlala, yena nomalume wakhe uMichael Dragomanov eSofia.

Serious ukugula amabutho akhe ukuba baphathwe zokungcebeleka eGibhithe, eJalimane, e-Italy, i-Austria-Hungary. Poet wavakashela ngokuphindaphindiwe eCaucasus, Odessa, eCrimea. Ukuhambahamba ahlanganiswe nakho zayo kanye khathizwe titfutfukiswe.

Entwasahlobo ka-1907, kanye nomkhwenyana Klimentiem Kvitkoy yena evakashela Alupka, Yalta, Sevastopol.

Ngo-August kulo nyaka, baba semthethweni umshado. Ezinye lihlale ekhatsi Kiev, bese uqhubekela eCrimea, lapho Kvitka ukuphatha ukuze uthole isikhundla egcekeni.

eminyakeni yamuva

isifo sakhe uthuthuka kahle. Isifo sofuba amathambo uye waqinisa, nalokho kwanezelwa kuhle kwesifo esingelapheki esidluliselwa yezinso.

Wathola amandla emsebenzini, ekudambiseni ubuhlungu okunzima nokuhlupheka.

Yena nomyeni wakhe eqoqwe temdzabu, kusetshenzwe idrama siqu. Phakathi ukwelashwa eCaucasus zadalwa idrama extravaganza "Ihlathi Iculo", inkondlo okukhulu "orgy" triptych lyric-yeqhawe abazinikezele Ivanu Franko.

Lapho ufunda isifo indodakazi yakhe esebenzisa isihluku, unina kuziwa Georgia, okuyinto ubhala ngaphansi ezitholwe zakhe zokugcina asele idrama sidle - ". On ogwini Alexandria"

Isikhova i-great imbongi Ukrainian washona ngo-July 19 (1 Agasti) ngo-1913 edolobheni Georgian ka Surami. Wayeneminyaka engu-42. Wabe wangcwatshwa Kiev at Baikove emathuneni.

Mayelana-ke - ku ulimi lwaso

Biography of Lesya Ukrainka ku Ukraine, okuyinto sethula kulesi sihloko kafushane kubika kakade equkethwe ulwazi ngempilo yakhe. Umama ulimi imbongi ngeke zingene nomoya walo futhi ukuqonda kangcono umhlaba wakhe kwangaphakathi:

"Lesya Ukrainka - psevdonіm vidatnoї ukraїnskoї pismennitsі, poetesi, Perekladach, dіyacha kwamasiko. Spravzhnє іm'ya - Larisa Petrіvna Kosach.

25 1871 abantu Dawa baye mіstі Novogradі-Volins'ka e rodinі dvoryanskіy. Umama poetesi Bula vіdomoyu pismennitseyu scho pid kudala psevdonіmom - U-Olena Pchіlka. Batko CCB visokoosvіchenim pomіschikom. UMalume Lesі - vіdomy vcheny, іstorik Michael Dragomanov.

Ngo domі Kosachіv nerіdko zbiralisya tsіkavі, osvіchenі gostі, vlashtovuvalisya domashnі amakhonsathi i ongcwele, abahlanganyeli yakih Stavan dіti.

Les navchalasya e vchitelіv Private. Ngezinye 6 rokіv vmіla vzhe vishivati ezinhle.

1881 kanzima zahvorіla tuberkuloz kіstok.

Impilo Ukuvikelwa ngokusebenzisa esigayweni uphendukisa zmushena ka Kyïv, de umzalwane navchalasya isikhathi іz endaweni vchitelіv yangasese ukuze Kolodyazhni (rіdny Mayetok ku Volinі). W Relief materі vivchaє іnozemnі MTIE (frantsuzku, nіmetsku ukuthi INSHI).

Ngo 1884 rozpochinaєtsya її asebenzayo dіyalnіst yak poetesi. Lvivske vidavnitstvo "Zorya" drukuє Pershi vіrshі "Konvalіya" Sappho "usho INSHI.

1885 vihodit її Ukrainian pereklad tvorіv Mikoli Gogolya.

Nadalі Won bagato perekladala: Homer, Heine, Mіtskevicha, uHugo.

Ngo 19 rokіv target pіdruchnik іstorії odade svoїh.

H 1891 ka bagato mandruє Galicia kraїnami Єvropi, vіdvіduє Gruzіyu, Іtalіyu, Єgipet. Znayomitsya ka vіdomimi dіyachami svіtovoї ukuthi ukraїnskoї isiko. Deyaky ihora prozhivaє e Sofії ngesikhathi umalume.

Ngokuvamile tsі podorozhі vimushenі bamisa Zdorov'ya pismennitsі. Ale ziyanuka inqunywe th Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rozshiryuyut її krugozіr ukuthi nadihayut ku tvorchіst. Її poezіya - charіvnі zbіrki vіrshіv "Vіdguki" Osіnnya Tale "," krill pіsen "," ngeke Pisni mayelana "sithi okukhulu" Kasandra ", idrama-feєrіya" Lisova pіsnya "usho INSHI - prosyaknutі lyubov'yu ukuba Svoge abantu ukuthi іstorії yogo, zaklikom viboryuvati zigcinwe share komfula.

Ngo serpnі Won pobiraєtsya ka Klimentієm Kvіtkoyu, yaky її schiro Kochav. prozhivayut Molodі e Krim. Ukuze pіdozroyu neblagonadіynostі Yonyaka kuma ivolumu kvartirі zdіysnyuєtsya zhandarmsky obshuk, viluchayutsya izincwadi.

Ostannі Rocky Zhittya Lesі Ukrїnki odlulayo ngentengo ephakeme ukuthi lіkuvannі. Won vіdvіduє Yalta Batumі, Tbіlіsі, Kiev, Odessa, Єvpatorіyu, їzdit ku konsultatsії ukuba Berlіnu, lіkuєtsya e Єgiptі.

Abafile poetesa 19 Lipnya 1913 vіtsі zizamazama 42 rokіv at mіstі Suramі (Gruzіya) ".

Isiqubulo sakhe

Leitmotif bobuchule Isiqubulo impilo yonke Lesia Ukrainka kungenzeka cabanga ngamazwi akhe:

"Ni, ngifuna krіz slozi smіyatis,

NguSerede is ephonseka pisni spіvati,

Ngaphandle okwamanje spodіvatis Wethemba,

Zhiti ufuna! Phuma Dumi sumnі! "

Umlando wakhe Kuyathakazelisa futhi akumangalisi

Abafundi umbhali esijulile okudala noma imbongi, ukufunda biography olusemthethweni, ufuna simazi, ufunwa ezimpilweni izinto lapho Thixo yabo uzovela okukhanya ihlukahluke. Nazi ezinye amaqiniso athakazelisayo biography of Lesya Ukrainka.

Ngokusho Ongoti ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi, imbongi umthande 'ngandlelani kuhovarit ". Unina walungisa sitrobheli ihlobo cherry ujamu. Futhi uma kulethwa futhi batshala ezihlabayo ezimbili dogwood. Basaqhubeka izithelo. Kodwa amajikijolo ujamu yabo ngamathumba manje abasebenzi Museum edolobhaneni Kolodyazhni.

Ngokusho kwezihlobo zakhe, lapho sifikelwa lucidity, lapho let go lesi sifo, yena wabhaka lemon mazurkas emangalisayo.

Kubekhona kokuqina ubuhlungu kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, isikhathi lapho Les ngenxa yokugula akakwazanga ngisho ukuvuka embhedeni. Kodwa lona wesifazane wayengenayo babuna, egxilile lokusungula, ukuthuthukisa ithalente yabo.

ubudlelwano wakhe namadoda - elikhanyayo, ngobuqotho futhi enhle ngokumangalisayo a - kubafanele ncwadi. uthando wakhe wokuqala wamambala, obuzakuza lamfica Lesya engu-15 yobudala, kwaba Maxim Slavinskiy (engu-18). Lolu thando kubonakala ekwenzeni umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa ebuhlotsheni Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside.

A isilonda ubuhlungu enhliziyweni yakhe kwesokunxele ngo-1897 Nestor Gambarashvili abasha abafundi Georgian ezine e Kosachev. Ayefundisa ulimi nomunye: kuba yakhe - French, wenza - Georgian. Lapho Nestor ngowenye, Lesia yithemba Kwakuyintokozo yodwa. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-45, umuntu othanda wangaphambili yakhala inyembezi engcwabeni yothando lwakhe.

Sergey Merzhinsky - indoda oshiya isigxivizo ejulile ekuphileni kwakhe. Bahlangana endaweni yokulala futhi ngokushesha yathola ulimi olufanayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Les ke wazizwa efana ubuhlungu tshwala ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi waphoqeleka ukuba udedele ebhentshini isikhathi eside ukuhlala athule.

Wayengakwazi amphendule ukubuya, njengoba zazikholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi ngenxa yokugula kwakhe kuyinto umthwalo ethandekayo. Walamukela iqiniso lokuthi kuzoba nje umngane.

Kodwa lesi sifo wamshaya Merzhinsky. Izimali kakhulu kanzima ukugula, Les efuna ukwelapha othandekayo on duty kombhede wakhe imini nobusuku. Nokho, ifomu okunzima sofuba ethuthuka, futhi Sergei uyafa ezandleni zakhe. Les phakade ukugcina uthando ngaye. Kusukela manje, igqoka izingubo kuphela omnyama.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha yokuzikhandla ukufundwa etemibhalo, ahlangana Klimentom Kvitkoy, umculi odumile futhi folklorist. Enhliziyweni yalo waphila Merzhinsky, kodwa sekamukele ngayo ukunikezwa Kvitki. emshadweni wabo eyathatha iminyaka eyisithupha futhi iphela kokufa imbongi.

Kuthiwa uClement Lesya walithanda ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthengisa impahla, nezimpahla imali ukunikeza imithi yakhe. Wayengenalo bakwazi ukumthethelela ukunakekelwa ekuseni unkosikazi wakhe. Emva kokushona kwakhe, Kvitka waphila iminyaka engamashumi amane, bathwale futhi sisole wakhe ngoba lokho ayekutshelwe bamyeka.

Biography of Lesya Ukrainka (kanye nomsebenzi wakhe) - a ongenakulibaleka elikhanyayo, abanamakhono,. Uchungechunge okujabulisa nokuhlupheka ugqozi asankondlo ekulweni nezifo, izimpumelelo zokudala nokukhungatheka engqondo, kutfolwa ngokomoya futhi ukulahlekelwa uthando. Enye yezimbongi engcono abalobi Ukraine, it is akakhumbulanga ikhathalele kuphela umsebenzi wayo okhazimulayo, kodwa ezingafi nesifiso sakhe bukhoma ngempela nothando.