GR Derzhavin ODE "Felitsa": isifinyezo, incazelo kanye nokuhlaziywa

Eminyakeni 70 kwekhulu XVIII, izinguquko ziqala izincwadi Russian. Basitshela ikakhulukazi izinkondlo ukuze abhubhise ifomu cannonicalized. Kancane kancane uqala Lomonosov, Mike, KHERASKOV kodwa Derzhavin njengoba ihlongandlebe weza emhlabeni izinhlobo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene uhlobo ODE onesizotha, njengoba kufakazelwa, uma ngokucophelela futhi ucabangisise ukufunda ODE "Felitsa", okuyinto isifinyezo lapha ngenzansi.

Igama ODE

Felicitas ngesiLatini kusho "injabulo". Kodwa lokhu kunganele. Derzhavin ufunde indaba ukuthi uCatherine II wabhalela umzukulu wakhe, u-Alexander, egameni inkosazana isikhulu Felitsa chlorine, ezoqhubeka ukuhlangabezana embhalweni njengenhlangano iqhawe senzo. Ngenxa ukugcona ezicukuthwaneni ezizungezile uCatherine II ka, abangane weluleka hhayi uzitholele i ODE. It kunalokho okuhlaselayo, lokhu ODE "Felitsa". Isifinyezo umkhiqizo eside kungaba ethukuthela izikhulu eziphakeme. Futhi ngingabalahla kanjani iNdlovukazi aphathe incazelo ezihlekisayo ukuphila kwakhe kusengozini? Lapho ngakho ngoba ukhuluma mayelana nezindaba ezibalulekile. Nokho, ODE yanyatheliswa futhi agcwala izinyembezi imizwelo iNdlovukazi. Wayazi owayeneminyaka umlobi wayo, futhi ngazo zonke indlela okuye ungenzele okuhle. Abafundi kulezizinsuku isithakazelo akakubangeli ODE "Felitsa". Amazwibela abakufunda ngesidingo kanye ukulangazelela.

ekuqaleni

Amavesi okuqala ayishumi usitshele ukuthi inkosazana fana Nkulunkulu, yabonisa indlela eyisithunjwa isikhulu chlorine - indlela eya endaweni lapho likhula rose ngaphandle ameva. Lokhu rose kwaba wayedinga balahle lobugqila. I-rose sikhula ngisho nasentabeni ephakeme, lapho ubuhle abode. Lokhu usitjela isikhulu indodakazi Khan Felice sakhiwa, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, iNdlovukazi. ukuze ODE "Felitsa", sifinyeto okuhlanganisa zabasebenzi kuphindza acoce of uCatherine II, ayisekho ayikwazanga akhohlisa Empress. Eyesibili emavesini ayishumi bacela usizo Felitsa zifunde ukuphila okulungile ngoba umlobi ngokwakhe ibuthakathaka hhayi angabhekana ngayo inkanuko zokuphila.

"Ilula" iNdlovukazi

Esikhathini esilandelayo lokhu emavesini ayishumi Derzhavin kudala isithombe esiphelele Heroine, echaza ukuziphatha kwakhe futhi imikhuba: uthando abezinyawo uhamba, elula ukudla, ukufunda nokubhala, futhi unamathele esimisweni kulinganiswa nsuku zonke. Zonke lezi akazange ihluke abantu besikhathi sakhe. Portrait ayikho incazelo ekhona (okusho ukuthi "Felitsa" ODE). Derzhavin isifinyezo ebonisa ukuthi avelele nkosi yeningi, ubulula nobungane.

Siphukuto futhi Ihlaya

emisha okunjalo imbongi yethula ODE, kuyilapho kwenkululeko ngaphambilini enjalo kule uhlobo ayikuvumeli. Iveza umehluko hlonipheka Felicia izindawo zako ezizungezile. Imbongi uyabhala umuntu wokuqala, kodwa libhekisele Prince Potemkin, ohola yethenisi esigodlweni, nokulwa, kwayena umbusi lelitimele, efana Sultan. Ukuya empini, futhi walwa eziningi futhi ngokuvamile ngempumelelo, ochitha izinsuku emadilini, lapho gourmet ukudla, okuyinto awubalwa, ngasebenza ungcwecwe wegolide. Noma egibele ngenjongo inqola segolide, ephelezelwa abangane, izinja, ubuhle.

Ungakhohlwa UMBHALI A. G. Orlova (ODE "Felitsa"). Derzhavin (isifinyezo, sicabanga) ukhuluma uthando lwakhe wamahhashi. Eagles ku izikopelo ezifuywa trotters thoroughbred. Phezu kwamahhashi alo emangalisayo Bala suit ukweqa. Derzhavin uyakhumbula lwaya izintandokazi Orlov ukudansa nokulwisana isibhakela. Ngale ndlela ngename umoya wakhe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi ukhuluma P. I. Panina, owasiza iNdlovukazi ku Icebo lika. Panin walithanda abazingela izinja futhi isikhathi esiningi enikelwe kulo, akhohlwe izindaba zikahulumeni. Ningazishiyi zodwa zichayeke Derzhavin incenye lenkhulu courtier njengoba Naryshkin, ababezijabulisa ebusuku futhi kungani ebusuku ayaziwa, ukugibela kanye uMfula iNeva, ephelezelwa abaculi umculo wezinsimbi owawuhlanganisa iqembu zomculo Horny. Mayelana ukuthula nokuzola enhloko-dolobha kuphela baphupha indoda elula emgwaqweni, okuyinto okunzima ukuze uthole isinkwa sakhe. Nokho, indlela hhayi smile ngokuthula ukuzijabulisa umbusi-jikelele Viazemsky? Walifunda ngesikhathi sabo esikhululekile ezishibhile amanoveli ethandwa futhi napping eBhayibhelini.

imbongi kuyindida futhi yena, kuhlanganise ngokwakhe njengengonyama embuthanweni ewumngcingo labakhethiwe. Ngale ndlela kuyindida akekho owaba nesibindi ukubhala. Ode "Felitsa" (Derzhavin), sifinyeto okuyinto lidlule lapha, kwaba umsebenzi ukuphayona. Lapho Derzhavin osolwa yokuhlekwa usulu, okuyinto namuhla kubonakala pretty engeyona ingozi, imbongi bakhomba indawo lapho uchaza amaphutha akhe, ezifana nokujaha amaphuphu kule Loft, noma nje ukudlala amakhadi isiwula. Abantu, ngokuvumelana imbongi ilungelo okufanayo, ngaso sonke isikhathi musa bathambekele bahlanganyele ezimweni ezibucayi. Kubalulekile nokho kungenjengamakhosi siqalise amaphupho angenalutho, hhayi nje ukuba siphile ukuphila okuntofontofo futhi avilaphe futhi musa ukukhononda uma afuna ukukhokhelwa imali ezindabeni isimo. Yilaba ezidumile Potemkin, Prince Vyazemsky, okuyinto uCatherine II ezichazwe indaba yakhe mayelana Tsarevich Chlorine ngaphansi amagama Lentyag futhi enyukubele.

anecdote etemibhalo

Kodwa imbongi kungekho akhuza iNdlovukazi, okuyinto zizungezwe abantu nobuthakathaka bobuntu. Phela, amakhono abo enkonzweni ngokuchuma umbuso omkhulu. Ibonisa ukuhlaziywa inkondlo Derzhavin "Felitsa". I ekumeni yizikhonzi wasebenzisa reception elihloniphekile anecdote etemibhalo. Ngalezo zinsuku, ngaphansi anecdote ukuqonda indaba yangempela ngomuntu wangempela, kodwa kwezobuciko iphathwa, okuyinto has a ithoni didactic noma satirical. Ngempela, inkumbulo izizukulwane ezizayo babe reveler, duelist, kanye ngokungakhathali izintokazi indoda, intandokazi uCatherine II, u-Alexei Orlov, bahlakaniphe Panin, sybarite, kodwa enqobile iqhawe Potemkin. Ichaza ukuhoxiswa kancane kancane Masons yesehlakalo, elaqala ngesikhathi kubusa uCatherine II zenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya revolution olunegazi eFrance. Masons oshiwo ekuqaleni we ODE. Kodwa jikelele Derzhavina indida awuzange egqoke bokubanga, nemvelo accusatory, kwaba elithambile, kunalokho ukudlala.

Kanjani ukwakha isithombe Catherine

Through the tale of Clever Girl Felice, esiza chlorine isikhulu, Derzhavin kudala isithombe umbusi. Lapho umuntu ovamile ekutshela Derzhavin, eduka, uya ngemuva izinkanuko, omunye inkosazana uyakwazi ukumboza nakho konke ukuhlakanipha kwabo. Ubhekisela ukudalwa izifundazwe ezweni, okwaphumela ukulawula okukhulu ngokulandelana kwazo. Wazisa uCatherine II, lapho-ke akusho babukise abantu, hhayi ukuba abaphambe, ababhubhise, efana impisi amehlo ebuthakathakeni babo. UCatherine II - abagcotshiweyo kaNkulunkulu, kodwa hhayi uNkulunkulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho liziphatha. Abantu phezu ethile ngoNkulunkulu kuneminikelo inkosi. Ngakho uthi ukuhlolisiswa le nkondlo Derzhavin "Felitsa". Empress athobele lo mthetho, ngoba - i nkosi ukukhanyiselwa. Futhi, nokho, Derzhavin wanquma ukunikeza ibuthaka Council Empress: sokuhlukanisa isimo yaba izifundazwe, azigcine yimithetho ukuthi akukho ukungavumelani wayengekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kahle eqhathanisa ngayo ukaputeni okunekhono, okuholela umkhumbi ngokusebenzisa olwandle olunesivunguvungu.

Dwebela isizotha nokuphana ngesimo Catherine

It enikelwe amavesi amaningi, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi wenqaba "Ukuhlakanipha" izihloko, "Omkhulu", "Umama ezweni", yena wethule amalunga. Yebo, ukuthobeka kwakungamanga, kodwa kubukeka nice. Lapho ufunda ngokucophelela, hhayi kuphela ODE, kodwa futhi ikhuluma ngalo, le miphumela ziyabonisa futhi ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa" Derzhavina G. R.

Idealization ka Catherine isithombe

Engxenyeni yokuqala yenkosi ODE isithombe nge imikhuba okulula umuntu ovamile umxhwele kakhulu eyalotshwa imbongi. Derzhavin Landelayo uyamncoma njengoba isikhulu sikahulumeni ohlakaniphile. Lena isithombe eNgophezukonke ukukhanyiselwa kuqhathaniswa ne queens owabusa ngaphambi kwakhe, ngokuvamile abangenalwazi ngokujulile futhi unonya. Engxenyeni lwesithathu nolokugcina, wadala umfanekiso okusezingeni eliphezulu lama ezikhonzini zayo sefilosofi ngubani ngokujulile iwukucabanga isiphetho isimo futhi isizwe. Lena zonke izimiso G. R. Derzhavina ku ODE "Felitsa". Felitsa - ophilayo unkulunkulukazi emhlabeni, okuyinto kuqinisekiswa esigaba sokugcina. They are gcwele of udumo, futhi akumangalisi ukuthi iNdlovukazi izinyembezi kokufunda lokhu indzaba.

Motifs Oriental ku ODE

Esakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ODE "Felitsa" zasempumalanga inganekwane, eyabhalwa kakhulu le nkosi, Derzhavin wanika ukunambitheka kwakhe asempumalanga. Iqukethe Lentyag, enyukubele, Mirza Khan, indodakazi Khan, Princess ezinjengezikaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kwakha "ukunambitheka" ekhethekile, noma okungavamile temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Russian noma izinkondlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwenza into zezinkondlo okuthiwa i-monarch, imbongi wabhala i ODE ngukubongwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba umsebenzi satirical. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-ODE Gabriel Derzhavin "Felitsa". Ungomunye izimbongi wokuqala waqala ukuba sithole amagugu entsha izwi lokuphila izincwadi, omunye walabo umsebenzi alingeni kohlaka imfundiso yokuziphendukela izitayela ezintathu.