Alternative Fiction: incazelo, umlando, izici, futhi nokubuyekeza yencwadi

Alternative eqanjiwe - uhlobo kancane kancane kuyanda kulezi zinsuku. He kubhekwa umsunguli we isazi esingumRoma Tit Livy, wazalwa ngo-59 BC. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, isazi-mlando nesibindi ukwenza nokucabanga ngalokho okwakuzomehlela emhlabeni uma Aleksandr Makedonsky wafa ngo-323 BC. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe babematasa uhlobo ozalwa, lapho abangaphezu kuka-ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili, abalobi abaphendukela.

Alternative eqanjiwe: incazelo uhlobo

Into yokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi lena ukunyakaza etemibhalo. Ababhali ukusebenza kule uhlobo, uyazibuza ukuthi bekungaba uma azikaze lokhu noma leso senzakalo esingokomlando. Ngokwesibonelo, lokho kungaba ukuhlangana nezwe lesimanje, uma umbuso sikaNapoleon lashabalala e 1815?

Alternative eqanjiwe - uhlobo ukuthi akuhlangene ne okunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma zomlando. Lokhu kuthambekela akusho embuzweni ukunemba isithombe esidlule, akakholelwa ulwazi eyiphutha mayelana isenzakalo esithile, okuyinto sitholwe yibo bonke abantu yesimanje. Izincwadi umeme kuphela abafundi ucele usizo iso lakho lengqondo futhi cabanga ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani, indaba zihambe ngenye indlela.

Umlando omncane

Alternative fantasy - uhlobo elithakazelisayo eladabuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Kwenzeka ngenxa yezifundiso Thithu Libya futhi "History of Rome" yakhe edumile. Isazi-mlando, emibhalweni yakhe, bakhuluma ngalokho okwakuzomehlela iplanethi yethu, ngokuletha Aleksandru Makedonskomu lokufeza inhloso yayo ukuhlasela eRoma.

ubuntu Omkhulu eladonsa isithakazelo ezincwadini zabanye abalobi abaye basebenza kulesi uhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, Mnumzane u-Arnold Toynbee, owayehlala ekuqa- 19-20 eminyaka, idale imisebenzi eminingana lapho "enwetshiwe" ukuphila ka-Aleksandru Wachaza izenzakalo ezenzeka kule ndaba. Lo mlobi wabuye kubhekwe ukukhetha izwe lapho umlawuli omkhulu ayizange ozalwa.

Phakathi nekhulu le-19 zithandwa kakhulu utopia yokushisekela izwe, ogama Abadali baye bazama 'ithonya "ku indaba, ukugxila izithakazelo emazweni akubo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhali French Lui Zhoffrua akhuluma ngawo izwe eliye kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe umbuso sikaNapoleon. Umlobi oyiNgisi Nataniel Houtorn "akuvumelekile" ukuba bafe Byron futhi Keats.

Izici uhlobo

Alternative eqanjiwe - imisebenzi, okuyizona ezibhekana izenzakalo umphumela izinguquko ngempela emlandweni esidlule noma wakamuva. Lesi sigameko lokhu kwathinta ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni, kungaba ngokuphelele noma yini, kuye ngokuthi intando umlobi. Abanye abalobi uncamela angenele isiphetho izinhlamvu zomlando, abanye becela ukuthuthukiswa okunye zezenzakalo ezingokomlando (ezimpini, ekuvukeleni), abanye abangabazi iphendukele ukungenela amabutho angaphandle (isibonelo, i ehlasela alien). Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-izincwadi zezwe iba ezahlukene.

Isenzo emisebenzini lingathuthukiswa hhayi kuphela esikhathini samanje kodwa esikhathini esidlule noma ikusasa. Abanye abalobi ukhulume nezenzakalo ezalandela ushintsho umlando, abanye - mayelana nendlela umhlaba ungakabikho Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka. Futhi okudume indaba esibandakanya imizamo yokwenza Amaqhawe isikhathi sokuhamba futhi ukuba angenelele odabeni Izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule ngenxa ushintsho lesi sithombe.

Izinhlobo ezingaphansi

inkululeko Ubude yesenzo - inzuzo ukuthi kukhona ababhali abasebenza lolu hlobo, efana yesayensi. Alternative Umlando - isiqondiso, iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili eyinkulungwane yokuphila niphihlizwe ku Izinhlobo ezingaphansi eziningi.

• Kriptoistoriya. Umbhali ubiza usizo kwemvelo (eyayisekhanda lami, werewolves, abathakathi nabathakathi), ihlela kwakuwukuhlasela alien. Izenzo lezi mandla athinta izinqubo zomlando ukuthi bacale kutfutfukisa indlela ehlukile. Ake sithi njengabafokazi anqobe Earth, labantu ugqilaziwe, ubhujiswe. Njengoba isibonelo, inoveli "amandla Eye" ukuba angenelele ngokuphila abakhileyo alien le planethi, eyabhalwa Andrey Valentinov.
• Alternative oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Ngentando izimo komlobi zemvelo emhlabeni ziyashintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho kuthinte lokushisa emkhathini. Ngaphansi kwejoka nenguquko ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesintu, kukhona civilizational, Emasiko.
• Postapokaliptika. Ngaphandle kwale subgenre Kunzima ukucabanga into ezifana eqanjiwe. Alternative ngokoqobo iba umphumela eyodwa noma enye yezinto cataclysms global. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhali angabhekisa kuye, baziqambela i yenhlekelele yemvelo, nempi yenuzi, umqedazwe. Kulokhu, izenzakalo zenzeke kakade emva labantu emhlabeni ukusinda kule nhlekelele.
• Alternative geography. Umbhali wenza izinguquko ezithile esikhathini geography zomhlaba, kuphumele ekubeni futhi emlandweni wezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, singakhumbula umsebenzi "The Island eCrimea" ebhalwe Aksenov. I umlobi usikisela ukuthi eCrimea kuyinto esiqhingini esiye sasiza Baron Wrangel ukusungula geqe.
• Steampunk. Igxila umphakathi kabani ubuchwepheshe isemanzini ezingeni 19-20 eminyaka.

"Amaphuzu asemqoka"

Yiziphi izihloko avamise kakhulu ehlaselwe eqanjiwe okunye? Ukulwa Fantasy, focus zazo zingaphenduka impi enkulu zithandwa phakathi abafundi. Umholi undoubted kuyinto neMpi Yezwe II, futhi abalobi uthande ukucabangela kukho, lapho ukunqoba owawuqondene amaNazi.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo msebenzi - noveli "The Man in the High Castle," eyabhalwa Philip K. uDick, ukhishwa "UHugo". Imicimbi yembuleka yangaphambili United States, isenzo iqala ngo-1962. Umbhali usitshela emhlabeni lapho yanqoba seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili uyasala Hitler womanyano. Germany waba umbuso wamakoloni, nongoti basusa "abantu eliphansi '.

Yiqiniso, abantu hhayi kuphela nesithakazelo kule Okwesibili Umhlaba, abamizamo udale umlando okunye. Ukulwa Fantasy ngokuvamile kuthinta impi yombango ezenzeka e-United States. Libuye ukufuneka kakhulu izinto ezenzeka e-Russia, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Izincwadi Garri Garrisona

Ukuze ufunde kulabo abasebenza okunye ziyindaba eqanjiwe? Izincwadi Garri Garrisona kuyobenza babe abalandeli abaningi lolu hlobo okuthakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kudingeka siyinake trilogy "Edene", ivela ngepeni lembhali. Garrison nezimangaliso kanjani abe nezwe uma azikaze ukushabalala izibankwakazi, okwenzeka eminyakeni abayizigidi ezingu-60 edlule. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi baye bahlala ezingeni Yamatshe Ubudala, uphoqelekile ukuba alwe izibankwa ezihlakaniphile, ezigcwele emhlabeni.

Isithakazelo iwumkhiqizo "Umhubhe enqamula" adalwe Yena lo mlobi. Kuyo umlobi usikisela ukuthi British wahlasela baseMelika kuleli Olusheshayo, United States ezenzeka esikhathini kwekhulu le-18.

Yini enye ukuhlola?

Iyiphi enye incwadi ufanelwe ukunakwa labo bayathanda yesayensi? Alternative umlando sisenza umsebenzi "funa Ngibambeni Fall" wadala de Campo. Uhlamvu main - isazi semivubukulo, kuzoya eside esidlule. Injongo umlingisi - nokuvimbela Zobumnyama ukuthi hit Italy.

Incwadi "11/22/63" - umsebenzi lapho Stiven King angaphila John Kennedy. "Isikhathi Patrol" - umjikeleto uPawulu Anderson, lapho umlobi inhlangano imfihlo, singavumeli njengabafokazi kusukela Ngokuzayo ababeziphatha ukugxambukela emlandweni ukuthuthukiswa.

Izibuyekezo

Okwamanje, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abafundi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi elandelayo ezihlobene uhlobo "The Man in the High Castle", "patrol isikhathi", "11/22/63." Yiqiniso, kanye nokubuyekezwa omuhle ngalezi nemikhiqizo yabo iyahlangabezana nezici ezimbi. Abalobi yokugcina baphikisa ngokuthi ababhali ziqondiswa kabi e nezenzakalo ezingokomlando.

Izibuyekezo futhi ubonise ukuthi amashumi eminyaka udumo baqhubeka wajabulela postapokaliptika, okuyinto abaningi nomuzwa wokuthi uhlobo ahlukene. ISIBONELO yafuna umkhiqizo - "Roadside Picnic".

Inani elikhulu abalandeli konke ezichazwe kulesi sihloko amabhuku - eqanjiwe, umlando enye.