Aleksandr Makedonsky

Aleksandr Makedonsky wazalwa ngo-356 BC. e., ngo-July, umkhaya wasebukhosini. Lapho kwazalelwa khona indoda okwakuseduze layo umuzi Pella. Alexander wahola imfundo epirets abasha leonid (omunye wezihlobo kamama Alexander - Olympics). Kusukela 343 BC. e. Aristotle wavusa umfana. Njengoba wathola imfundo yekhethelo ebuntwaneni Aleksandr Makedonsky kamuva yaba omunye ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha ukukhanyiselwa isikhathi sakhe esiningi. Kakade ebuntwaneni wabonakaliswa izici lomthumbi esizayo.

Mfundisi Aleksandra Makedonskogo ubuciko impi - kungabulawa uyise, uPhilip 2, owabulawa kwabalindi bakhe. Ngemva kokufa kukayise, indodana amabili ethathe ubukhosi. Into yokuqala lo mbusi omusha iqedwe bonke abahlanganyeli ugobe Philip 2 futhi kubamangali abazoba sobukhosi.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa Ngemva kokuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi waqala nomkhankaso wempi Aleksandra Makedonskogo.

Inkosi entsha baya enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo Yase-Balkan. Fast ngokwanele kokuhlephula triballi ukumelana naso futhi kwenze yaseGetsemane Aleksandr Makedonsky lanqoba izwe lebhalwe insimu yalo. Isho kanje inkosi, abasha wabonisa kanjani ukuthi wayengeyona kunabayeni uyise lutho.

Lo mkhankaso elandelayo ka-Alexander wafika ngokushesha ngokwanele. ukuhlubuka kwaqala emadolobheni athile e-Greece. Nge ibutho elincane Macedon ngokushesha ukuyiveza bonke ubudlova.

Ekuqaleni 334 BC. e. eliselincane kwezikhathi eziyiminyaka nempi enamandla, wawela iDardanelles Strait engena endaweni yasePheresiya. Ziningi ibutho elihlomile Achaemenid wahlulwa eMakedoniya. Umlawuli omkhulu waya amadolobha aseGrisi ngasolwandle. Izakhamuzi wabingelela Bakhululi ngenjabulo enkulu. Tomivsheesya ngaphansi Persian ijoka labantu kuvula esangweni aseMakedoniya. Kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa nje, uLidiya izindawo babe abakhululiwe neyaziwayo igunya inkosi esencane.

Ngo 333 BC. e. Senzeka ngasedolobheni Issa impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Naphezu ukuphakama kathathu Achaemenid amatutu Macedon wanqoba. Inkosi abasha kuyakufika eBhabhiloni. Lokhu ukunqoba asiqeda lwamakhosi zamakhosi Persian Achaemenid.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-Alexander Omkhulu ishintshiwe emveni kokuba bamba yamadolobha ye-Asia Minor. Wafuna hlanganani abawinile futhi losers e amakhosi ohlanga eqinile.

Ngemva imikhankaso yimpumelelo e-Asia Ephakathi, le nkosi encane waya India. Ngalezo zinsuku, ezinganekwaneni ingcebo enkulu kulelizwe.

Nokho, emazweni Indian kwakungafanele nobungane umnqobi. Population enikeziwe abanolaka ukumelana umhlaseli. Ngo 326 BC. e., ehlobo, owokugcina emphilweni Elikhulu impi enkulu eMfuleni Hydaspes. Kulesi ngilwe inkosi esencane imele inkosi manje. Empini, u-Alexander yenza Pora ukunqotshwa okuphelele.

Ngemva le mpi, inkosi osemusha wanquma ukubuyela yaseBhabhiloni, ihlukaniswe ibutho izingxenye ezintathu. Ehola omunye Umkhuzi Macedonian ubeka Crater, elinye eliholwa yena, kanti eyesithathu ethunyelwe kolwandle, eholwa Umkhuzi Niarchos.

Sahlangana zonke kwezinhloko zamaviyo ensimini ka emaphaketheni (e wasePheresiya yasendulo). Yaphela kanjalo-ke empumalanga umkhankaso umbusi owamenzayo okukhulu. yokunqoba kwakhe eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi. Igama elithi incane, ikakhulu uma ucabangela kuleyo nsimu enkulu Alexander wakwazi uthwebule.

Inkosi wabuyela yaseBhabhiloni, lapho wayebethelwe khona elinde izindaba isimo. Njengoba sihambisana nale kuyinto belungiselela umkhankaso esizayo. Ngaphambi komhlangano waqala, ngesonto, inkosi ulungiselela idili omangalisayo. Ngakusasa Elikhulu agule - imfiva iqala, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Nsuku zonke, isimo iNkosi Enkulu siya siba sibi kakhulu. Akasabi ukuqaphela umndeni, uqala ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. isimo Engenakuqondakala ihlala amasonto amabili.

Ngonyaka 323, phakathi no-June, ngaphambi kokuba kweminyaka eyi-33, u-Aleksandr Makedonsky wafa ngesikhathi ibambene amandla aso nesihlalo enkazimulweni.