Templars - ungubani na? Umlando Knights Templar

Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, kukhona eziningi eziyimfihlakalo okuyinto vusa izinhliziyo abathandi ubudala futhi izama. Phakathi lezi zimfihlo, imbozwe nethuli leminyaka, kukhona omunye umkhondo ukuthi cishe ngeke uthole eyodwa. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi ngubani lo Templars, isithombe, noma kunalokho, lapho ungathola isithombe ku-athikili yethu. Ngokusemthethweni, indaba yabo ujwayelene iphepha esikoleni. Kodwa izindawo eziningi kakhulu izimpumputhe ezinikeza ngokudla fancy.

I yokuqalisa

Ngaphambi esibhekana ngayo lo mbuzo: "Lo Templars - Ingubani le", kumele shí esikhathini esidlule futhi uhlole isimo sezwe kahle leyo minyaka. yaphela kuphela yenkolo yokuqala, ihlelwe waseNtshonalanga. intsha benkolo ababesekela basabela obizweni uPapa Urban II, unquma ukudala oda yakhe. Abahlanganyeli okuqala ayengelona ayisishiyagalolunye Knights yakhe esihle, ababemise iwumgomo oncomekayo: ukuvikela ama-pilgrim uya iZwe Elingcwele. Wakhethwa inhloko Gugo De Payne.

Ngakho, i-Templars - bangamalungu omphakathi, Knights nge yokucwasa ngokwenkolo. Usuku isisekelo salo ubhekwa 1119, futhi-sisekelo wabo wokuqala kuphela wabonakala iminyaka engamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye kamuva, ngo-1128-m. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi Umyalelo okuyimfihlakalo ngaphambili sekukhona kakhulu, e 1099. Khona-ke Godefroy Bois de eJerusalema uthumele abakhethiweyo abacebile abantu abayisishiyagalolunye abaye imiyalelo ezikhethekile. Zasungula umphakathi siyazi njengoba Order yeThempeli. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala a ukunxenxa okukhulu wonke umuntu, kodwa abantu ehloniphekile.

imfihlakalo lokuqala

Futhi lapha kukhona iphazili yokuqala ushiye Templars. Ngobani laba Knights angamaqhawe? Fanatics, amaqhawe noma hoaxer? Kungaba wagomela ukuthi kukhona oda babo 1099, kusukela ngalolo suku kuvumelana impi. Kodwa kwakungenzeka kanjani abantu abayisishiyagalolunye ukunikeza isivikelo okuthembekile izihambeli? Lutho neze, ikakhulu ngoba ayeseJerusalema, lapho wahlanganyela kwezinye izimo. Kodwa yini lezi Templars engamashumi amabili ngaphambi ukuvela olusemthethweni soMthethosisekelo - akekho owaziyo. Futhi kungani bawuhlaba inhlali ukhona?

I Scion we lwamakhosi Merovingian

Umuntu umhleli Order, yaqanjwa ngokuthi Godefroy Bois de Boulogne. It kungokwalabo lwamakhosi Merovingian, umndeni lasendulo wasebukhosini. Kungaba ezinye izimfihlo elahlekile emlandweni, kanye nentshisekelo yakhe eJerusalema, lapho kwavela okhokho bakhe. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwadingeka isimangalo sakhe eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, njengoba kummeleli lomndeni kaDavide. Ngakho, Templars - they are ntu bani Godefroy ithemba kuye, futhi owasiza afeze injongo yakhe imfihlo. Washona ngemva konyaka ukuthunjwa umuzi omkhulu leZwe Elingcwele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, wakhethwa iNkosi yaseJerusalema, kodwa awuzange kubekwa, yebo, isimiso, singafani lokhu. Umbusi wokuqala edolobheni ubhekwa umfowabo. Bangcwaba Godefroy, wasemuva Lethuna Elingcwele, njengoba ayekubiza kanjalo yena ethempelini, lapho amalungu omphakathi bathandile ukuhlala.

nabanye abasunguli

Ngaphandle Godefroy ka Boulogne, sokwakha umphakathi kungenzeka Gugo De Payne Saint-Omer. On the yesibili lutho cishe ayaziwa ngaphandle igama. Ingxenye yokuqala kule impi futhi zazibazi mathupha Godefroy. Futhi eduze wakhuluma ngesikhathi, babe comrades-e-izingalo. Ezweni elingcwele Hugo eze kudoti isidlaliso (angabeZizwe). Kodwa umndeni Godefroy emthanda, yinkosi eJerusalema (Baldwin le wokuQala nowesiBili) basiza kuye. UNongorwana wangena kanye Ukubala of Champagne, mnumzane Payne, okubonisa ukuthi Hugo khona ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo. Kungenjalo, umnumzana yizicukuthwane usangamlalela ngaphansi kwesizwe sakhe?

Igama Emblem

Ikakhulukazi kusukela ekuqaleni le Templars. Ngobani laba Knights abampofu? Ummeli evamile Lethuna Elingcwele noma inhlangano nge imigomo yayo imfihlo? Mhlawumbe iqiniso liphakathi phakathi. Igama layo ezikutholile emva isiko ukuba nemihlangano Al-Aqsa Mosque. kwavela Ngakho-Order of ethempelini. A logo ubonakele kamuva kakhulu, ngemva ukwamukelwa sisekelo, endaweni ethile e-eminyakeni 1147-1148. isiphambano esibomvu ithungwe ku isiginesha izingubo ezimhlophe ukuthi zihlukaniswa bazalwane kusuka kwenye Knights.

zengcebo eshisiwe Order

Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi Templars - kuba Crusaders ayesale eJerusalema nenjongo yakhe. UNongorwana, okuyinto ekuqaleni lalinabashumayeli abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kuphela baba abahlonishwa kakhulu eNtshonalanga. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho esigodlweni kwaba kummeleli nabafowethu, kwadingeka amazwe, izinqaba, futhi saphumelela kwemali. Ngisho namakhosi ngimboleké imali izidingo zabo! Izinto zenani elikhulu zomuntu Templars wakhula ngokukhulu ukushesha, okuyinto bakhangwa abantu abaningi. Futhi abazalwane savalelisa konke ukuvukela kwabo kuzo izono ezenziwe kubo ngaphambili. Amandla Knights selikhule kanye ukuqhutshwa. Bona ukuthenga esiqhingini saseKhupro, lapho ukudala yokuhlala yabo. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukubuza: Templars - bobani Knights abampofu noma Rothschilds yangempela?

Kwakungeke kuvesane ukusiza kodwa sengathi mithi European, ngokuvamile ababengenabo yengcebo poluporozhnyuyu. French Korol filipp Fair kanye uPapa osolwa Order of zonke izono ofayo, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli abophe nabazalwane futhi ekhethiwe impahla yabo ukuze zihambelane nabo. master Kugcine Zhak De Imvukuzane ethuka, iNkosi uPhilip oyisihlubuki uPapa, owayewabusisa udlame, kuze isizwe nantathu. Bonke abahlanganyeli kule kokubhujiswa kweThempeli Ngishoné lwanyamalala, befa ukufa okuyihlazo kungakapheli unyaka owodwa emuva kwesehlakalo. Esiqalekisweni the Knights Templar - kungenye imfihlakalo Order. Nakuba ukuziphindiselela ukushiswa Master kanye nabanye abazalwane babe asele Knights.

Izizathu ukubhujiswa Order

Kungani le Templars babhujiswa? Bangobani - siye kakade ingxenye waqonda, kodwa ukunikeza ngezansi zezizathu ezenza Order nengalo yomthetho. Okokuqala - le mfuyo ezingenakulinganiswa abaningi abakwazi dream - futhi mithi futhi abefundisi. Yiqiniso, abaningi bangathanda ukuhlanganyela ngala magugu nokubafundisa wona. Nokho, njengoba isikhathi kuboniswe, ngesikhathi ekucwileni ezikweletini Knights omphakathi kakade balahlekelwa yikho konke ababenakho: yengcebo yabo lalingenalutho. Mhlawumbe bonke babethembele ukufihla? Futhi lokhu imfihlakalo eyinhloko Knights, okuyinto haunted by the abathandi bemali lula.

Eyesibili isizathu - ithonya namandla yabazalwane, ababe ibe usongo olukhulu igunya yiliphi izwe lobuKristu. Okwesithathu - yilokhu Templars babengalikhokhi okweshumi, ukuthi akuyona ukuthi ngincome uPapa. Nalokhu futhi, kungabalula umphefumulo Upapa.

Lodge Masonic

Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi Templars - ke Masons. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, Grand Master kwakusadingeka isikhathi amise umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla, ngubani aqhubeka enza imisebenzi yabo, nakuba enethemba eqinile. Wakwazi ukuhlela izindawo zokulala ezine Masonic - Paris, Edinburgh, Stockholm futhi Naples, okungukuthi empumalanga, enyakatho, entshonalanga, naseningizimu. Libuye kungenzeka ukuthi Knights asele wathola indawo yokufihla ikhanda nabakhi ngubani eziqhutshwa kahle kumila Order Templars. Lezi zinhlangano avaliwe basekhona.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemva kokuwa Acre ngo-1291, Knights wathutha eKhupro base eParis, inhlokodolobha French by ekomkhulu layo. Lapha bakha yokuhlala yabo nethempeli, okuyinto wakhumbuza eJerusalema shrine nezindonga ezinkulu. Kodwa iningi lezakhiwo ungazange ngasinda: base noma ubhujiswe noma babe yingxenye Ngaphanga amanye amabandla. Kodwa ukudalwa Umyalelo njengoba izindawo zokulala Masonic futhi isebenza namuhla. In Paris, abafowethu bakha ethule emgwaqweni ubusosha, 16. Isebenzisa indlunkulu, Museum kanye nezinye izikhungo eziningi. Ehlotshisiwe izimpawu ehambisana ne timphawu. Ngisho phansi amakamelo ujenga by izikwele obomvu nomhlophe. Ngobani Knights Templar kanye Masons eqinisweni - kusadingeka ukuba baqonde.

Assassins futhi Templars

Ukuze ukhulume ngokucacile ukuhlobana phakathi miphakathi ezimbili edume okumelwe uyenze ukumazi kahle bobani Assassins futhi Templars. Templars - umyalelo knightly, okwakuthatha amaKristu kuphela abafuna ukuba zizinikele injongo enhle - ukuvikela izihambeli futhi Lethuna Elingcwele eliseJerusalema. Assassins - kuyinto brainchild of "Intaba Omdala" Hassan al-Sabah, ukuzijayeza Islam. Amalungu omphakathi ebesezilungele ukufa ngoba elinde umvuzo - kwensimu yase-Edene nge izintombi. Kwaba khona ukukhuluma ukuthi inhloko esetshenziswa amakhambi oludakayo, ikakhulukazi insangu yokulutha.

Izinhlangano ezimbili babe izici ezivamile: isiyalo yensimbi, ukholo oluqinile kuNkulunkulu, kuze kube ngokweqile, ukubulawa ngokungathandabuzi weSazi tando amandla nethonya phezu ingcebo emhlabeni. Ngisho isithombe amalungu azo ayefana kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, labo abazibiza izinkolo ezihlukahlukene, owalwa ubukhosi emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo "abangababiziweyo ababulali kanye Templars", kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi nabaphikisi kunokuba babhekane njengabangane.

Okunye Crusaders Order

Umfundi kakade uyazi ukuthi bangobani labo Templars. I Hospitallers, le Teutons - kungcono nezinye izinhlangano ukuthi amiswa ngesikhathi Zokholo. Kwakukhona kuningi abafana ngakho, kodwa kwakukhona umehluko. Ngokuvamile abafowethu okuqondene oda ezahlukene, walwa nomunye. Ngemva amaKristu Knights bavunyelwa ukuba iqhaza izimpi ngokumelene infidels kabi futhi bechitha igazi egameni likaKristu. Isola nomunye lokuhlubuka, base belwa ngethonya. Kodwa uma Templars iqedwe futhi akuvumelekile, le Teutons futhi Hospitallers sathola ithuba akhona futhi baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo. Nokho, impumelelo ezifana Templars, babengakholwa ngisho ngiphuphe.

Hospitaller Order

Umsuka walo Order kuthatha e 1070 lapho umthengisi - Mauro Amalfi - wasungula endlini nezihambi esibhedlela okuthiwa. Kwakukhona abantu wanakekela eyayilimele futhi ogulayo, ukuba zigcine ukuhleleka esigodlweni sezindela. Ngu 1113, umphakathi liye landa futhi kwaqinisa ukuze uPapa pha him isihloko ngokomoya futhi Knights.

Hospitallers wathatha izifungo yokulalela, ubumsulwa nobumpofu. Waba wuphawu isiphambano elimhlophe kanye imikhawulo eziyisishiyagalombili, lisetshenziswa ngubo ezimnyama ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Isiphuku kwadingeka imikhono ewumngcingo, owakhuluma ngokuntuleka inkululeko phakathi kwezelamani. + Kamuva Knights owembethe elibomvu futhi bathunga isiphambano esifubeni sakhe. Amalungu abangu izigaba ezintathu - nabefundisi, empeleni Knights nezinceku. Izinqumo ezibalulekile ashiwo Grand Master kanye Jikelele Isahluko.

Hospitaller Order kusukela ekuqaleni umgomo - ukuze asize abagulayo noma abalimele, izihambeli abampofu futhi zezingane ezilahliwe. Kodwa-ke, Knights waqala bahlanganyele ezimpini nasekuhwebeni zenkolo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nane, bahlala esiqhingini Rhodes, bahlala khona kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Khona-ke bahlala Malta, lapho walwa infidels. Khona-ke Napoleon yanqoba Malta waxosha abazalwane. Ngakho Hospitallers babe eRussia.

I-oda babekwazi ukungena nabakhulu amadoda khulula, amakhosi ngisho abesifazane (Templars futhi wathatha amadoda kuphela). Kodwa Grand Master baba kuphela aristocrats. ngobuzalwane ngemfanelo umqhele, inkemba nowokunyathelisa. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, Order of the Hospitallers (Ioanity, Knights of Malta) ubhekwa Nhlangano ngokomoya futhi yesihle nendlunkulu eRoma.

Oda zamaJalimane

Ngo neJerusalema ngekhulu weshumi nambili, izihambeli abakhuluma isiJalimane ihlelwe ezibhedlela yabo. Lokhu kungenziwa kubhekwe ekuqaleni zamaJalimane Order, ekuqaleni bekuyingxenye esisemthethweni Isibhedlela. Ngo-1199-ke sivunyiwe sisekelo bese kuqokwa Grand Master. Kodwa kuphela 1221-m Teutons athola amalungelo, sithembele knightly oda. Abafowethu bathatha izifungo ezintathu - ukulalela, ubumsulwa nobumpofu. Futhi sangena Order kuphela abameleli labantu abakhuluma isiJalimane. izimpawu Community ngokuvamile esiphambanweni black libhalwe isembatho esimhlophe.

Maduze Knights saphela lenze imisebenzi Hospital, ngokuphelele ngokuya empini emelene infidels. Kodwa abazange zinethonya ezifana ezweni lakubo, owawunesihloko Templars eNgilandi noma eFrance. IJalimane yayiphakathi hhayi izikhathi ezingcono, umuntu uye wahlukanisa futhi ngimpofu. Teutons kwesokunxele Lethuna nezinye Knights, ukugxila imizamo phezu bamba yamazwe empumalanga, okuyinto eyaba impahla yabo. Khona-ke aphenduka amehlo abo ukuze babone izindawo enyakatho (emazweni aseBaltic), lapho afike wasungula khona ngemva kokunqotshwa Riga, futhi ifa Prussia. Ngo 1237 Teutons ahlanganisiwe nomunye Order German - the Livonian, nabo waya Russia, kodwa walahlekelwa.

Oda ngenkuthalo walwa isimo Polish-Lithuanian. Ngo-1511 Master Albert Hohenzollern wathi umbusi Prussia futhi Brandenburg, wancishwa inhlangano yonke amalungelo. Teutons zehlulekile lokulungisa isiteleka zokugcina, futhi ehudulela ngaphandle khona esidabukisayo. Kwaba kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili, amaNazi bebabaza uquketheni Knights ubudala futhi ayesebenzisa isiphambano njengoba umklomelo ophakeme. Oda ukhona kuze kube yilolu suku.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Ngakho abangababiziweyo Knights Templar? Umlando awukwazi okwamanje nimphendule ngqo kulo mbuzo, eziningi kakhulu ukhohlwe noma kubayekise. Ngakho-ke, amabala amhlophe zigcwele zonke izinhlobo fantasies nekuhumusha yokuqala, ezifana ithiyori Dena Brauna nozakwabo. Kodwa lokho Order of ethempelini kuphela uba ikhange nakakhulu abathandi endala.