Umlando edolobheni Petersburg. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Petersburg

Abaningi asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu zingathanda ukusho ukuthi manje akulona idolobha, izikhathi sezishintshile nabantu. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi isizukulwane, ifinyelele ukuguga futhi izinguquko uyalandelwa. Zonke ushintsho ibonisa umlando edolobheni. Saint Petersburg - ingenye enhle kunazo zonke, ezihlukahlukene ocebile izenzakalo, izindawo akumangalisi ngisho ezingaqondakali. Njengoba yasinda ekubhujisweni kwesimiso inguquko, yaphela impi, handsome Petrograd (aka uPetru naseLeningrad) namuhla izivakashi hhayi kuphela ezweni kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke.

Lokho kukhona uhambo emigwaqweni, lapho nake nahamba kuzo Brodsky bokuhamba wavuma uthando u-Asa Dovlatov. Bathi ngisho abangenamakhaya lapha liziphathe noMbusi wababusi njengamaKristu eqiniso.

Kanjani ukwakha umuzi

Into yokuqala ukwazi indlela kwakukhona Petersburg. Umlando komuzi (isifinyezo uvezwa sihloko) iqala ekhulwini XVII. Kwaba 1703. uPetru nami nganqoba Ingermlandiyu futhi ngokushesha banquma ukwakha ku kula mazwe castle, ekuqaleni nosivshuyu igama iSt Peter-Burj. Ngakho wabiza inkosi yakhe, kodwa hhayi udumo lwakhe, futhi ngenxa yenhlonipho nenhlonipho umphostoli uPetru. Ngo enye inguqulo kwegama libhekisela lonke izwe washiya nawo kusukela ezinsukwini bezikhathi zasendulo, kusabusa zamaJalimane Knights.

Amazing ngumlando ka edolobheni. Petersburg waqala ukuphila yayo ngesikhathi lapho konke kwabuye usaqhubeka Omkhulu Northern neMpi, ngoba okokuqala kwezithelo zonke lalihloselwe ukukhonza njengoba inqaba yokuzivikela. Rumour has it ukuthi itshe lokuqala esabekwa nenkosi uqobo, futhi lapho kwenzeka lokhu, isibhakabhaka flying ukhozi.

Nokho, kungcono kakhulu njenge-legend, ngoba lezi zinyoni azitholakalanga wake endaweni, futhi uPetru yena elapha ukwakhiwa lwemikhumbi kude uPetru.

Sasisebenza ukudalwa edolobheni ingqikithi abantu mayelana ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amathathu. Basuke abaqashwe amashifu amabili noma amathathu, okwaqala ngo-March kuya ku-October njalo.

Kukholakala umlando onegazi edolobheni. Petersburg ivame wathi, emi amathambo, njengoba abakhi abaningi babulawa ngesikhathi imisebenzi. Lokhu akulona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Masters banikwa isabelo futhi imali umsebenzi, okuyinto kuqinisekiswa imibhalo. Nakuba ukwenza ngaphandle ukweqisa. Ukuze shift ngamunye wenza ukuba abantu kusuka ezweni lonke, kodwa akazange angene wonke. Abeza, ngezinye izikhathi walwela ukubaleka. Ukuze uthole inkosi nombaleki ngaphambilini ejele etilongweni umndeni wakhe futhi abagcine khona kuze ukunyamalala uqobo uthi.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi lokho?

Kodwa akuyena ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakukhona Petersburg.

Umlando omfishane wedolobha izingane kuyoba ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo. Yisigidi edlule endaweni manje eyaziwa nge inqubomgomo wakhula amahlathi amakhulu lezihlahla, imifula babe ogeleza egcwele. Lapho Wathatha amandla ezandleni zabo abafileyo ebusika, iningi izwe imbozwe ice ezwekazini. Ubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi le ndawo ngoba uPetru kuqashelwe ungqimba eqandisiwe amanzi ukushuba cishe 1 ikhilomitha. Okungukuthi Vela yeqhwa namuhla wayefihla edolobheni "ne umqhele."

Njengoba lo mfula exhunywe ne umlando edolobheni. Petersburg imi iNeva River, Nokho, okuyinto, zazingekho ngisho iminyaka eyizinkulungwane 4-5 ngaphambi ukwakhiwa. Neningi zamanje kwesigubhu kuchazwe engu 2500 kuphela edlule. Ngaphambi kwalokhu endaweni yakhe ngokuthula wabe Tosna futhi Iziqeshana.

izizwe European lasendulo - emva ice wehlela endaweni abantu beqala ukuza. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, igama emfuleni main wanika Indo-baseYurophu. Ngoba iminyaka eyinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba uKristu efika lapha okhokho Balts futhi Finns.

izizwe Eastern Slavic wafika Neve kuphela BC IX khulu leminyaka, benza kumiswa Novgorod Rus. Umhlaba waqala ukuthuthumela ngenkuthalo ikoloni, umnotho, yezandla athuthukiswe futhi ukuhweba.

Njengoba Petersburg laliyinhloko-dolobha ye

Kusukela ngo-1712 i-dolobha yoMbuso wase-Russian limenyezelwe Saint Petersburg.

Umlando edolobheni iqala kusukela nodumo nokuqashelwa. Lokhu ngokushesha adluliselwe zonke izinto ezibalulekile, kodwa kukhona nibambe. Eqinisweni, nomuzi wawungowegolide eSweden. Lokhu kunjalo kuphela emlandweni, lapho inhloko-dolobha ye-state ku ezahlukene nomunye.

Kancane engaphezu kweyikhulu lomuzi azigcina isimo salo futhi walahlekelwa ke wokubusa uPetru II, base bebuyela emuva.

Isizathu sokuthi uthuthe inhlokodolobha ukuchaza ukuma pro-European yenkosi. Petersburg kwaba samuntu a esisha sesimanje, Western, kuyilapho eMoscow ngoba ethathwa njengeSabatha esifuze, ubudala, zaseMpumalanga. nesimo esinjalo, futhi ukuchaza ushintsho njalo isimo and Petrov eMoscow edolobheni.

Kuze kube manje, uPetru wabiza enyakatho, kwamasiko, inhlokodolobha ezihlakaniphile yeRussia.

City ekhulwini XIX

XIX leminyaka alethwe edolobheni inkathazo encane. Ethi The War of 1812 bafuna imali njalo. Ngenxa yentuthuko Petersburg behlisa ijubane, bakhathala njengoba zonke izimali kwesokunxele kuya silondoloze kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo okwandisa ukubaluleka uPetru njengenhlangano sokuqondisa.

Kwakugcizelelwa isayensi, ukusungulwa izikhungo zemfundo. Futhi, ukuphrinta lakhiwa. Enye impumelelo edume - kuvulwa le Pulkovo Observatory kanye Russian Geographic Society, lapho isikhathi eside lalilokhu izikhungo yesayensi yezwe.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX lalibizwa Northern Dvina Canal, okuletha ezingeni elisha Petersburg. Umlando komuzi (isithombe kwesikhathi cishe zazifile) kwenza ube esejika - ukuqala ukuthuthukisa izimboni nezentengiselwano ngezithukuthuku Izikhumulo entsha ezokuthutha. Futhi kuragela nemiklamo yokwakha komuzi. On mbumbulu, UPitrosi wasebenza okungcono amakhosi angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo.

Lullaby revolution

Trip ku-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Aurora" (Petersburg) - ngomlando walo muzi izingane ngesimo adventure. Futhi ngokuhamba zihamba ungakwazi ukutshela mayelana lezo zenzakalo.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba inguquko, lapho, ngenxa iMpi Yezwe I yayishisa bazonde-isiJalimane, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuqamba kabusha emzini Petrograd. Kukhula umkhakha kuye kwaholela inombolo enkulu abasebenzi owahlela amaqembu amaningi sezenhlalo kanye nezinhlangano. Kulapha kuvela inguquko ka 1905-1907.

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi ngaphambi kulapha lapho kwakukhona ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists ngo-1825.

Cruiser "Aurora" (Petersburg), izinto, umlando idolobha, amagama emigwaqo ukukhiqiza umuzwa wokuthi lezi zenzakalo zenzeka hhayi eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule futhi muva nje.

Ngo-1924 edolobheni iqanjwe kabusha Leningrad, izinsuku ezintathu ngemva kokufa umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

Inguquko kwaholela nokwehla elibukhali labantu emzini abahlali 20 sika abe ngaphansi kuka kwesigidi. Petrograd ukubuyela ekuphileni ne ekuqaleni nep kuphumelele. Bona isivuliwe ukunyathelisa, yaseshashalazini.

Centre of Impucuko iba Petersburg. Umlando edolobheni izingane kanye nabantu abadala ukuthola shades entsha elikhanyayo.

futhi iqala ukuba ubilise art entsha Russian - avant-garde.

izindlu isiko babukhona nakwa zonke wesifunda, nensada iminyuziyamu nemibukiso kusimangaze.

Amasonto amaningi, ngokuqondene eyayibusa nalokho okukholelwayo lamakhomanisi, ayenikwe izidingo emnothweni, yaphenduka iminyuziyamu.

Kuhlukile baba Petersburg. Umlando komuzi, isifinyezo sezinto micimbi manje atholakale kuwo wonke umuntu nesithakazelo.

I zehlakalo ezimbi aqala ngemva kokufa Kirov sika-1934. Izakhamuzi eziningi baye baba yizisulu Esibhicongweni Omkhulu. Ngemva kwalokho, uchungechunge izinsuku, imakwe omnyama, i-Leningrad uphela. izakhamuzi Umhlaba kuhlolelwe ukumelana - futhi badlula kulolu vivinyo olunzima. Cishe 900 izinsuku ukuvinjelwa baqhubeka kweLeningrad. Ngenxa yalesi feat, nezinye impumelelo edolobheni wathola isihloko "Hero City".

Lezi zenzakalo kufanele zifakwe ohlelweni imisebenzi eyengeziwe-curricular ezikoleni futhi ukutshela ngaphandle umlando ekhazimulayo edolobheni Petersburg (Grade 2 nangaphezulu).

Revival ngemva kwempi

zaziphawuleka Iminyaka yangemva kwempi inkambo zokululama. Field amabhomu kanye ngamabhomu neze kwesokunxele isakhiwo okungenani eyodwa, lapho kwakungekho izimpawu zehlakalo ezimbi yempi. Kodwa ukugqugquzela okusheshayo izakhamuzi ukuthi iziphathimandla zasivumela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ubuyisele wangaphambili Leningrad ubuso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela wacishe ubhujiswe, kodwa futhi baphanga Petersburg. Umlando omfishane we edolobheni izingane - ngokuyinhloko izindaba mayelana Room Amber, okuyinto wanyamalala ngemva kwempi futhi alutholakalanga kuze kube manje.

Ngo-1955-ke wakha komhlaba, abuyiselwe izintambo zikagesi, kwamanzi kanye nezinye izinzuzo impucuko.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e-ngasekupheleni 80 le labantu Leningrad unomlando - kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi 5 million.

kuqala inkathi yangemva Soviet

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR edolobheni wabuya negama layo zomlando - Petersburg. Umlando edolobheni izingane kanye nabantu abadala, zabuye zashintsha ukugeleza isiqondiso. kweminyaka engu-90, phambili abahlubukayo ukuba ukwehla kwenani labantu.

Kancane ngemva kokululama ukucindezeleka, idolobha wenza konke ukuze uqinise isihloko inhlokodolobha bokusungula kanye namasiko. Yimani niqonde izikhumbuzo, isakhiwo kuvuselelwe, kabusha endaweni.

Kowezi-2000, ekugcineni ozalwa umhlali encane oba sesigidi ezinhlanu.

Lo muzi has nomkhathi wawo siqu

izincwadi eyodwa kuphela, umuntu akakwazi ukwakha yisifundo sokuthi "Umlando Petersburg" (2 ekilasini izifundo emlandweni wendawo esikoleni esiphakeme).

Zonke uPetru: amahlaya, ukudabuka abantu ukwenza ukunambitheka ekhethekile. Izinganekwane ezifana Joseph Brodsky, uSergei Dovlatov, u-Alexander bashlachev, uBoris Grebenshchikov nezinye izithombe izizukulwane eziningana bayahlonishwa edolobheni, lapho ayehlala khona.

Kulabo abafuna ukuzama bahlala yizinto zesikhathi esidlule, ngezikhathi amabhola nokunokuthula izingxoxo wokuziphilisa ngenkulumo ezijabulisayo, kuwufanele ukuza Petersburg. Umlando edolobheni kubonakala izakhiwo, imigwaqo, umoya emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, nakuba emoyeni.

Kodwa ukuze ngempela ukuthandana nalo uPetru, udinga ukuza kuye.