Astronomical Pulkovo Observatory

Pulkovo Observatory - isikhungo okuyinto kuhlobene wonke umlando yezinkanyezi Russian. Ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa njengendawo okubonwayo, okwakukhona amabhizinisi kwendawo ezidingekayo zombuso tsarist. Observatory sidalwe futhi ukuxazulula izinkinga yezinkanyezi esisebenzayo. Lomlomo waso grand wakhe wawenziwa ngo-08.19.1839, le

Umlando kokudaliweyo zokubuka kazwelonke

It yethulwa uPeter Omkhulu ngu ukufunda eziningi sciences ngqo futhi izicelo zabo esisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngangithola umfutho ekuthuthukiseni nesayensi ekhuthaza impumelelo leyo nkosi abathandwa navigation. Ukuhamba emhlabeni England nase Denmark, uPetru mina ngokuqinisekile uzama ukuvakashela kula mazwe ifakwe Observatory yezinkanyezi.

Ngo-1724 wasungula Academy of Sciences. Ngemva konyaka, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo Observatory Russia kuqala yezinkanyezi, okuyinto isibe omunye kakhulu eYurophu. Petr Veliky alalelwa kakhulu kuhlomisa sikhungo. Zonke itholakala ngesikhathi imishini kuboniswe kulesi silinganiso enkulu yocwaningo.

Kuvulwa Pulkovo Observatory

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve wasungula isikole esisha yezinkanyezi. Lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni kwalesi sikhungo orientation entsha. Agcina eseyinto Pulkovo Observatory, ogama isakhiwo lakhiwa abadumile wezakhiwo A. P. Bryullova. kakhulu indawo elula wakhethwa lesi sakhiwo.

Pulkovo Observatory lakhiwa phezu kwegquma eliphakeme, nge ekuphakameni 75 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi Pulkovo lizungezwe izimfunda. Leli qiniso ivumela ukugwema ekuthiyeni ukuphenywa kokuphulwa inkungu nothuli futhi ukufeza obala wazifunela emoyeni kokuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-V Ya. Struve, owaba umqondisi lokuqala isikhungo, wayeqiniseka ukuthi ibanga ukusuka enhlokodolobha enyakatho elitjhumi nekhomba amamayela kuyoba usizo izazi zezinkanyezi, ngaphandle kokunikeza ithuba ukuze ujabule.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Pulkovo Observatory kusukela wokuvula yayo iye yaba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni yezinkanyezi. Kulokhu, it is kufanele seyaziwa ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha yezinkanyezi zomhlaba. Ngenxa yemizamo ye-Observatory V Ya. Struve kwaba zakamuva ukuze isikhathi imishini namathuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fund yayo umtapo lalinabashumayeli amaqoqo engcono kwezincwadi ezikhethekile.

Observatory ezichaza imigomo e sisekelo wayo. Yezinjongo eziyinhloko okwakukhona ukuxazulula nabasebenzi bocwaningo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- unomphela futhi ngesikhathi ngcono okufanayo kokuma anomthelela ukuchuma yezinkanyezi;

- ukukhiqizwa ngekucaphelisisa, imiphumela okuyinto eyayibalulekile uMbuso, kanye nomsebenzi walo ezindawo ibhizinisi;

- lula ngcono yezinkanyezi esisebenzayo, lithathelwe aso navigation nokuma kwezwe.

imishini

Ukukhetha imishini emangalisayo Observatory kwatholwa V Ya. Struve. Kulokhu, Vasily Yakovlevich wayevela ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi usho isayensi kwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi, kanye nezibikezelo zokuphela izinguqulo kungenzeka kakhulu ngendlela.

Ngaphambi udondolo lwakhe ucwaningo V Ya. Struve umise umsebenzi ukuze uthole ukuthi iqondeni trajectory motion izinkanyezi, kanye ukucacisa amabanga zale izindikimba zasezulwini. Ngo ukusungula kwakhe indlela imishini enamandla esiyingqayizivele eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukunemba okwakufuneka kuma imisebenzi ke lwakhiwe.

nezifundo

Work at Pulkovo baba zinkulu futhi nzima. Ngo sixties yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kwaqala ukuqhutshelwa ucwaningo astrophysical. Umgomo wayo kwakuwukuba namabhomu ukuthola ukuhlaziya Spectral futhi ekutadisheni izinguquko ukugqama zemizimba lezinkanyezi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule waqala ozoba ngomhlaka umsebenzi enezithombe astrometry uhlobo kanye Mechanics yasezulwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwaphawulwa weLanga nezingongolo eMhlabeni wafunda ukunyakaza.

Kuthiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili Observatory Pulkovo wayesekhona enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Nokho, isimo enkabeni yezinkanyezi zomhlaba, wayeshonelwe kakade. Pulkovo Observatory uyilungiselelo omangalisayo okugada, kodwa akazange ame ngasekhanda izitayela entsha womsebenzi ngokwesayensi. Umgomo wayo lomkhulu kwaba ukuqoqa idatha ahlukahlukene elibukelayo futhi ukucacisa imininingwane ethile.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

Phakathi neminyaka engu-kwamandla Soviet le Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory waphinda endleleni ukululama ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yayo. ESoviet Union wavula izikhungo ezintsha ukuyohlolwa izindikimba zasezulwini. Ngokushesha kwaqala ukuvela nezithombe yezinkanyezi.

Pulkovo Observatory lithole imishini emisha eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto eye wavumela ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi zesayensi ezicashile. Yavela ukusungulwa ukufakwa ezinkulu solar - spectrograph littrovsky. Wanika kakade 1923 ukuqala isifundo Ukujikeleza welanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke zenzeka Ukutadisha imihlola ezenzeka emzimbeni wasezulwini. Le nqubo uvunyelwe ukuba aqhubeke spectrographs tridtsatidyuymovom refractor.

Elinye ithuluzi elisha ifakwe kule nkathi Observatory e Pulkovo. Baba astrograph band. Uthi avunyelwe ukuqala anhlobonhlobo izifundo we Galactic esimnyama, kanye nesakhiwo kuyi-Milky Way. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Observatory ifakwe ukufaka eyigugu kakhulu kanye namadivayisi ukuthi kubalulekile astrometric yesimanje nocwaningo Astrographic.

Phakathi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kwenziwe eminyakeni yokubusa kukaStalin, walimala kanzima futhi Pulkovo. izazi zezinkanyezi Abaningi babesezindaweni abasolwa ngokuba nesandla izinhlangano amaphekula futhi abulawe.

Kusukela ekuqaleni impi ye-1941-1945, i-Observatory yabekwa nokubhonywa German. Ngenxa yalokho zonke izakhiwo zawo phansi, kodwa iningi imishini kanye umtapo esiyingqayizivele wasinda.

yokutakula

Phakathi nempi, abanye abasebenzi Observatory waya phambi, kuyilapho abanye wayehlala futhi esebenza e-Tashkent Observatory. Ngemva Ukunqoba Omkhulu, izazi zezinkanyezi waqhubeka esebenza, uhlale emagcekeni ye-Arctic Institute, sise Fontanka, 38.

Kusukela ngo-1946, ukubuyiselwa Observatory endaweni endala. Ngo-1954 kwathiwa isivuliwe futhi. Ngokuhamba umsebenzi ezenziwe abuyiselwe izikhungo pre-impi ukusebenza. Izinsimbi zomculo lokusinda kuholele isimo ukusebenza, ngcono futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ku ucwaningo futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini kwenezelwa dvadtsatishestidyuymovym refractor isibonakude, isibonakude enezithombe polar, interferometer lezinkanyezi, nokunye. D.

Imiphumela yomsebenzi

Pulkovo Observatory, okuyinto umlando ufakaza ukubaluleka kulesi sikhungo, kuze kube manje uyaqhubeka umsebenzi nocwaningo olunzulu nezimpi eziningi. Kulapha indlela lakhiwe mayelana ababecabanga yezinkanyezi, ihlose ukucacisa isikhundla esiqondile izinkanyezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi we Pulkovo Observatory ukudala lwemibhalo, okuyinto angakwazi ukuhlonza iminyakazo efanele zemithala nezinkanyezi. Idatha yalezi iziphetho baba kokuma lokushicilela. ososayensi Observatory wafunda izinkanyezi nge izinhlelo zabo kwamaplanethi. Imiphumela eyatholakala ngesikhathi operation eside okuqhubekayo. Futhi imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona asemkhathini lakhiwe.

I Pulkovo Observatory olwenziwa uchungechunge izifundo okuyinto avelela okutholakele yezinkanyezi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo: ukuthola isivinini, okuyinto ilingise amaplanethi ezinkulu, ukuqinisekisa izindandatho Ucwaningo nokwehlukaniswa iplanethi Saturn, okwaba ubufakazi bokuthi izinkanyezi zokuqala amakilasi Spectral uphendukisa ngesivinini, futhi njll

amagatsha

Ikhaya Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory amahhovisi. Futhi ukufeza umsebenzi eliyisisekelo. Ngakho, izazi Observatory ngikudalile Kislovodsk Intaba Astronomical Station, kanye elabhorethri e Blagoveshchensk. legatsha Simeiz ngo-1945 yaba ilungu le-YaseCrimea Astrophysical Observatory.

Seen Pulkovo

Main Observatory Astronomical Russia - yindawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Izivakashi ngeke bakwazi ukusiza uzizwa ukuthi babesebunzimeni akunjalo.

Pulkovo Observatory sesihlela hambo hhayi kuphela ngosuku kodwa futhi ebusuku. Kubo kukhona irekhodi ukuthethwa kwecala. Isikhathi kungenzeka iyiphi. Konke kuncike ngokuzimisela izivakashi.

Uhambo ku Pulkovo Observatory kule sonto uqokelwe kuphela uma isimo sezulu sisihle. Kodwa njengoba umthetho, amaqembu abuthele ngezimpelasonto. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi labo abafisa uvakashele Observatory ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto Ukungena kuvula ngoLwesithathu noma ngoLwesine.

Pulkovo Observatory izinkambo ezihlinzekwa emaqenjini kwakhiwa, okuyinto zihlanganisa futhi amakilasi esikoleni. Izazi zezinkanyezi nososayensi tshela izivakashi nge umlando ukudalwa sikhungo. Batshele mayelana izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo ebonwe isikhala, bese bavunyelwe ngisho ukujabulela izindikimba zasezulwini, ngifuna e- kwesibonakude, elise ngaphansi kophahla retractable nxazonke ukuphotha. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, iyiphi sightseer kungaba sengathi usosayensi yangempela. Ngobusuku ukuvakasha izivakashi amehlo evulekile planethi sonozungezilanga ngokumelene esibhakabhakeni esimnyama, futhi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi. Phakathi hambo wacela ukuba angivakashele Observatory Museum futhi ukubuka ifilimu ekhuluma isikhala izinto ku-3D.

Fun uhambe ngokusebenzisa Pulkovo egqumeni. On insimu yalo ungabona izakhiwo eziningi ezimise Okumangazayo futhi injongo engaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli paki, okungadingi lifinyelela msindo wokuxokozela emzini, kunezindlela eziningi amaprotheni. Ngoba zingadla ngokuqondile izandla. Isikhathi ukuvakasha kuyinto amahora amabili, futhi izindleko zawo - ngaphakathi ruble, anamakhulu mahlanu.

indawo ezithakazelisayo futhi okumangalisayo Pulkovo Observatory. Ikheli lesikhungo - Pulkovo Highway 65.

Museum

Tours olwenziwa abadala kanye nezingane, tshela izivakashi ne yezinkanyezi isayensi Russian esidlule, kanye samanje yayo. ziphephile Eyingqayizivele Museum, elise isakhiwo main we Pulkovo Observatory, - a Computing futhi imishini yokukala, amathuluzi ohlola, yokukhanya ka ngezibonakude ezinkulu ezenzeka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka edlule. Iphinde ibekwe ekumeni zezinkanyezi nososayensi yesikhathi esidlule.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe we Pulkovo Observatory itholakala endaweni engavamile. Ngokusebenzisa maphakathi Round yayo Hall uphasisa Meridian. Ibizwa ngokuthi "Pulkovo".

Qaphela yezinto zakamuva kanye nentuthuko kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi akunzima kangako manje. Pulkovo Observatory has engosini ye-Internet (http: // www gao SPB ru ...). Ukuvakashela ke, ungafunda mayelana izincwadi zamuva Ngokwesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, ukufunda izindaba zakamuva futhi ufunde okuningi mayelana esidlule nawamanje "isayensi yamazulu" ayimisile.