System CAD: ukudala injongo, ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo

CAD izinhlelo ukunikeza uhlelo CAD ezisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izinqubo design, sibambe ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Futhi, usebenzisa le software kudala kwezobuchwepheshe kanye imibhalo design imikhiqizo isakhiwo ngabanye noma ukwakhiwa. Modern CAD izinhlelo asetshenziswa ehlukahlukene womsebenzi yomuntu yesimanje, futhi cishe yilowo nalowo uba uhlobo yaso ehlukile enhle la mathuluzi.

Kuyini lokhu?

CAD Ngokuvamile esifushanisiwe ubhekwa indinganiso lesiNgisi analog kwegama elithi CAD, kodwa empeleni akunjalo. CAD izinhlelo ayikwazi kubhekwe njengendlela ephelele CAD Analogue njengoba uhlelo lobuchwepheshe-yenhlangano, kusukela lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni GOST ibinzana e okwakha ngolimi lwesiNgisi okulingana igama elithi "i-computer abasizwa design". Ngakho, ngesiNgisi, the CAD eside elihunyushwe ngaphezulu njengoba uhlelo CAE, kodwa eziningi yezinye izizwe wabonisa ukuthi CAE eside yigama elididiyelayo okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yisiphi ubuchwepheshe bama-computer kwezobunjiniyela, futhi kubandakanya CAM kanye CAD.

Kungani na?

CAD izinhlelo asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuze wandise ukusebenza kahle kanye ukukhiqiza onjiniyela ngokunikeza ezishintshayo egcwele ukuklanywa ukukhiqizwa ngiyoqeqeshwa ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuba ukusetshenziswa yabo izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• iyehlisa design isikhathi;
• kuncishiswe inani zomsebenzi adingekayo ukuhlela kanye nomklamo;
• iyehlisa izindleko sezizonke yokukhiqiza kanye nomklamo, esithinta ngqo izindleko yokusebenza;
• okwandisa lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ezingeni, kanye izinga imiphumela yomsebenzi project;
• ukunciphisa izindleko edingekayo ukuyohlolwa full-scale sekulingisa.

Njengoba lamanje lokufaka CAD-izinhlelo zisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ochwepheshe abenza ukucacisa imiphumela, ukwethulwa ezihlukahlukene izidingo design, ukuqinisekiswa design, ushintsho yayo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.

Ukusebenzisa uhlelo uhlelo design ezenzakalelayo sisetshenziswa njengoba lamathuluzi ngawo umklamo Ilungiselelwe, futhi umdwebo okwengeziwe futhi ukumodeliswa ngakuthathu kwezakhiwo noma izingxenye besiyoba sikhulu futhi kube flat.

Ezimweni eziningi, le oyithandayo CAD-izinhlelo zihlanganisa ngakuthathu ukwakhiwa sekulingisa amamojuli, kanye nomklamo imidwebo kanye nomklamo kwemibhalo umbhalo ahlukahlukene.

Basuke zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko nemingcele eziningana:

• ezihlukahlukene futhi uhlobo into;
• ezingeni ezishintshayo inqubo design;
• yinkimbinkimbi into ukudaleka;
• ezishintshayo Integrated yenqubo;
• inombolo kwemibhalo lisetshenziswa;
• ubunjalo imibhalo;
• inombolo ephelele amazinga okuzokwenza khona isakhiwo Logistics.

inhloso

Kuye onjani imisebenzi waqaphela-CAD-izinhlelo, bona zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana:

• Automation of the ngakuthathu noma ezimbili-ntathu design weJiyomethri, kanye ukudalwa imibhalo ehlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo.
• Design nokudalwa imidwebo olwengeziwe.
• Ukugcina ukumodeliswa weJiyomethri.
• Automation izibalo ezahlukene ubunjiniyela, enifeza sekulingisa ashukumisayo, futhi sekulingisa ukuhlaziywa kanye izinqubo zemvelo ngokuqinisekisa okwalandela kanye nokwenza imikhiqizo.
• Subclass kusho CAE, esetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa computer.
• Okukushoyo ukulungiselela kwezobuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, okuvumela ukuba ukushintsha inqubo izinhlelo kanye nemishini eyengeziwe elilawulayo nge nezimo ezenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokukhiqiza noma imishini.
• Kusho for ezishintshayo izinqubo zokuhlela, izinqubo ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa eslphambanweni CAM kanye CAD izinhlelo.

Iningi CAD izinhlelo ingahlanganisa isixazululo yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, ezihlobene ezicini ezihlukahlukene design - kuba isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi okudidiyelwe design abasizwa-computer (CAD).

I olwamukelwa ngezigaba international

ngezigaba Modern ihambisa nabo ngezigaba eziningana:

• wesistimu umdwebo ngamakhasimende, okuyinto bavela okokuqala yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kodwa namanje ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile;
• izinhlelo, ukudala onobuhle ngakuthathu electronic lezinto, lapho kungenzeka ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene ne sekulingisa kuze inqubo ukukhiqizwa;
• uhlelo ngokusebenzisa olusekela nomqondo incazelo egcwele into electronic.

Uhlobo lokugcina ubuchwepheshe kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwaziswa ozolandela ukwesekwa imodeli electronic kulo sokuphila kwayo, kuhlanganise design lwetibalo enemininingwane, ukumaketha egcwele, ukukhiqizwa, ukuqeqeshwa ubuchwepheshe, ukusebenza, futhi kabusha nokulungisa.

Ezincwadini lobuchwepheshe nesayensi yanamuhla, kanye namazinga ahlukahlukene isimo CAD emelela iphathwa njengendlela "ohlelweni design abasizwa-computer," kodwa sifana kakhulu ngokunembile lapha ukuze umqondo wegama elithi "Umklamo umsebenzi Automation System", kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuziqonda, ngakho-ke, butholakala oda kancane . Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ngokuphishekela design CAD izinhlelo, uzophawula kuveze engalungile "ohlelweni design abasizwa-computer", nakuba eqinisweni kuba okwadalwa konakele. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umqondo welithi "okuzenzakalelayo" inikeza ukusebenza izimele ngokuphelele kohlelo ngaphandle kwesidingo kokungenela womuntu, kuyilapho CAD usadinga ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile endoda ngokwayo, ezishintshayo ephelele usebenza kuphela izinqubo ezithile kanye nokusebenza .

Ayikalungi liphinde into efana "Umklamo isofthiwe-abasizwa", njengoba kungaba ngokuthi kugxilwe kancane kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ngalesi sikhathi CAD kubhekwe kuphela njengenhlangano software adingekayo ukuze umsebenzi project, kodwa eqinisweni izincwadi yasekhaya futhi izindinganiso ezihlukahlukene CAD isimo ubonakala umqondo ngakuthathu, okubandakanya amathuluzi software hhayi kuphela.

CAD ku amazinyo

Iningi kwemitholampilo yesimanje zamazinyo isebenzisa CAD. CAD-izinhlelo esetshenziswa amazinyo womshini eliphezulu amazinyo iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi asetshenziselwa nokwenza abutments for izimila, imiqhele kanye zonke izinhlobo lokufakelwa kwezitho, zonke lezi imikhiqizo eliphezulu futhi ngokunemba high. Ingqikithi lobu buchwepheshe itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ekuqaleni eyenziwa ukumodeliswa ngakuthathu ukuze kwenziwe imiklamo kukhompyutha, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, usebenzisa imodeli design, kokuba ekhiqizwa phezu yokugaya iyunithi.

Ngakho-ke, odokotela bamazinyo ukuthola izinzuzo eziningi ngenxa yokusebenzisana yayo ubuchwepheshe CAD. CAD-izinhlelo amazinyo uvame esetshenziswa ngendlela elandelayo:

• Okokuqala udokotela okhipha ukususwa ukhonkolo, elivele ke wathumela laboratory;
• ngemuva kokufika kwencwadi yabalingisi ibekwa isithwebuli ekhethekile umfuziselo umkhiqizo esizayo;
• Iza-CAD-system: 3D-imodeli uguqulwe ube ifayela ekhethekile oluzosiza njengoba umthombo datha yokugaya iyunithi;
• Ukusebenzisa isithombe, i-Milling iyunithi wenziwa kufakwa enhlanyelweni, lokwesidumbu womshini nalutho ekhethekile eyenziwe zirconium oxide;
• ekugcineni okuholela Uhlaka ngokuphelele ehlanganiswa umzimba Ceramic wabhaka.

CAD / CAM-uhlelo imiqhele zamazinyo uvumele yokukhiqiza of zirconia, leyehlukile nenqwaba izinzuzo imikhiqizo metal. Ngamandla abo, mikhiqizo abe neze yimuphi umehluko umbala wamazinyo zemvelo njengoba Ukukhetha umbala namanje ku inqubo ukukhiqizwa uzimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho Uhlaka ekhethekile kahle camera umzimba Ceramic kokuba ayevumela futhi isakhiwo ukukhanya esobala, futhi kubandakanya phakathi Iphalethi yayo ngokwanele anhlobonhlobo imibala, kanjalo ukuthola womshini imiqhele Okufanayo emazinyweni zemvelo.

Ngu uqobo, i-nitrous zirconium has biocompatibility okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngisho uma liqhathaniswa ne ensimbini eyigugu, futhi imele gippoallergenny ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala kuqinisekiswa inkambo eziningi zesayensi ucwaningo lwezempilo. Kodwa eqinisweni, imiqhele esekelwe zirconium oxide nezinhlaka akukuphela uhlobo imikhiqizo, ezisetshenziswa womshini-CAD / CAM-system. CNC umshini esekelwe lobu buchwepheshe ivumela ukwenza:

• amabhuloho ezahlukene;
• imiqhele zesikhashana;
• abutments ngabanye.

Ngaphandle zirconia kakade ezishiwo senqubo yokukhiqiza ingasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izinto, kuhlanganise zepulasitiki, waxes, ayibe, titanium, i-chromium.

Ziyini izinzuzo?

Lezi ubuchwepheshe ukuhlinzeka izinzuzo ezifana:

• Umkhawulo ngokunemba kungenzeka yokukhiqiza kanye ngeziphambeko ezincane;
• Ezishintshayo Full of izinqubo zokukhiqiza, okuyinto cishe aqede kungenzeka amaphutha;
• ikhono lokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinto;
• kungenzeka izinqubo yokwakheka nokulandelana imikhiqizo ezindaweni ezahlukene;
• umkhiqizo oseceleni kwekhasi anoma yimuphi izinqubo eziqhubekayo.

CAD e isiqoqi sama-softwe

CAD-system (T-flex CAD, njll) ithole sasivumela okwandile emkhakheni umkhakha ubunjiniyela, okuyinto kuyahluka emazingeni amathathu - esiphansi, esiphakathi kanye engenhla. Lokhu ngokwahlukana uvele ekuqa- Eighties futhi nineties kwekhulu elidlule.

Izinga eliphansi kufaka CAD / CAM / CAE-system nge zenani elincane, okuyinto ikakhulu kuthambekele 2D-ihluzo, ukuthi kuhloswe ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ezishintshayo umdwebo imisebenzi. Ngenxa bokusebenza wamaphaphu uhlelo CAD lalisebenzisa ama-computer siqu, okuyinto kakade ngaleso sikhathi kakhulu eliphansi kuya ukusebenza of a workstation agcwele.

uhlelo eliphezulu ezingeni, noma, njengoba ivame ukubizwa kanjalo, CAD ezinzima, yenzelwa ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi workstations noma mainframes ahlukahlukene. Lezi izinhlelo babe enemisebenzi kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi waba izindleko kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukugxila surface futhi ukumodeliswa okuqinile. Ukwenza ezihlukahlukene umdwebo imibhalo zivame eyenziwa pre-ukuthuthukiswa geometry olukhethekile onobuhle ngakuthathu. Ngemva kwalokho, uhlelo lapho umsebenzi 3D-ukumodeliswa lwalulinganiselwe onobuhle okuqinile kuphela, okungukuthi, bangazihluphi sesimweni Lesisemkhatsini phakathi ezinkulu nezincane nokukhiqiza, ngikutholile bebodwa, ezingeni isilinganiso.

Kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa software CAD isivele kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi Midrange kakhulu yaqala ukubonakala kobuso ekhethekile ukumodeliswa amathuluzi kanye izici zitholakalele ukusetshenziswa computer, kwenze nokuba abe akwamukeleki yesimanje ephakeme-level izinhlelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho ushintshe izimiso okuyiwona ngaphambili kwenziwe umehluko medium and esindayo izinhlelo. Modern ezingeni osindayo CAD-izinhlelo manje okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi CAE / CAD / CAM / PDM, okungukuthi, lezo kanyekanye zihlanganisa izici ezifana:

• design kwezobuchwepheshe kanye yobunjiniyela;
• ukuhlaziywa yobunjiniyela;
• ukulawula inani design;
• iqembu elandisiwe amamojuli isofthiwe ekhethekile.

Ngokuphambene, uhlelo lesimanje eliphakathi ngokuthi ezinkulu, maphakathi no-range noma serial.

iqophelo elilodwa kohlelo kungenziwa ngokuthi ekusebenzeni cishe okulingana, njengoba ezinye ezintsha ezenzeka uhlelo-methodical eziyinkimbinkimbi ethile, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sitawungeniswa izinguqulo ezintsha abanye. I-CAD izinkampani ezinkulu njalo ngokwanele wenza ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuthi cishe zonke izinqubo design kungaba kwenziwe ku-CAD-izinhlelo, phakathi kanye namazinga aphansi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ezisindayo zibalulekile kubiza kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi amabhizinisi ukuthenga ilayisensi izinhlelo esiphezulu e inombolo sasivumela elinganiselwe, futhi iningi elikhulu lesimanje ikhasimende lezisekelo olunikezwa emazingeni aphansi kanye maphakathi.

Ngakho kaningi kwenzeka ukuthi CAD / CAE-izinhlelo ungaba izinkinga ethile ngokwesakhiwo Imininingwane phakathi exchange, kodwa izinkathazo ezinjalo isixazululekile ngokusebenzisa nezakhiwo ekhethekile nezilimi kuthathwe angasebenzi-ubuchwepheshe, nakuba yokudlulisela undistorted idatha yejeyomethri nge izilimi Lesisemkhatsini zifane kudingeke sinqobe ubunzima obuthile.

isakhiwo

Njenganoma iyiphi enye izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, CAD zihlanganisa subsystems eziningana okungatholakala projecting noma izinsizakalo.

Esokuqala siphathelene ekuqalisweni osheshayo imisebenzi ehlukahlukene phrojekthi. Njengoba isibonelo subsystem ezinjalo kungabangela ngakuthathu ukumodeliswa Jomethri ye zonke izinhlobo izinto mechanical ukuhlaziywa wesifunda, ukudala imibhalo design noma PCB trace compounds.

subsystems Ukukhonza zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa operation evamile lelivakalako, futhi inhlanganisela yabo ngokuvamile phakathi ochwepheshe ngokuthi lesi simiso CAD imvelo. subsystems Njengoba ejwayelekile ukukhonza avame ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngabaphathi semininingwane design, subsystems ezihlukahlukene wokuthuthukisa kanye nokulondoloza okwalandela software Case, kanye nokuqeqeshwa yakhelwe lula ukuthuthukiswa abasebenzisi ngobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza ngo CAD.

Kubeka izici ezahlukene avunyelwe ukuba avele izinhlobo isofthiwe CAD, okuyinto namuhla ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana kuphela eziyisikhombisa:

• yesondlo, okubandakanya ahlukahlukene hardware ;
• zezibalo, ngokuhlanganisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zezibalo, algorithm kanye onobuhle;
• isofthiwe, CAD kuyinto uhlelo lwekhompyutha;
• Imininingwane, okubandakanya egciniwe, lezi uhlelo lokuphathwa egciniwe kanye sebuningini neminye imininingwane esetshenziswayo design;
• ngokolimi, wezwakalisa njengoba ulimi yokuxhumana phakathi ikhompyutha nabaqambi, idatha izilimi exchange phakathi CAD futhi izindlela lobuchwepheshe izilimi izinhlelo;
• methodical, okuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo design ubuchwepheshe;
• yenhlangano, eyenziwe ngendlela izincazelo umsebenzi, abasebenzi kanye namanye amaphepha emvume, ngosizo okuyinto ukulawulwa umsebenzi design amabhizinisi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yonke imininingwane yolwazi esetshenziselwa inqubo yokuklama ibizwa ngokuthi i-fund fund CAD. I-database iyiqoqo lemininingwane elinikeziwe, elikhombisa izici ezihlukahlukene zezinto nobuhlobo bazo endaweni ethile . Ukufinyelela ku-database yokufunda, ukurekhoda nokulungiswa kwedatha kwenziwa nge-DBMS, futhi isethi ye-DBMS ne-DB ivame ukubizwa nge-BDD, okungukuthi, ibhange ledatha.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Izinhlelo ze-CAD / CAM zokuklama zihlukaniswa ngokwezici eziningana, ezifana nesicelo, inhloso, ububanzi (imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ixazululwe kanjani), kanye nesimo se-subsystem engaphansi.

Kuzicelo phakathi kwalabo abadume kakhulu nabameleyo kubalulekile ukunikeza amaqembu e-CAD amaqembu alandelayo:

• Isetshenziswa emkhakheni wobunjiniyela jikelele (ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi ukwakha umshini);
• Isetshenziswe emkhakheni we-electronics;
• Isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nenani elikhulu ngokwanele lezinhlelo ezikhethekile noma ezibekiwe emaqenjini abhalwe ohlwini, noma emele igatsha lokuhlukanisa ngokuzimele ngokuphelele. Njengesibonelo esibonisa ukuthi singakhuluma nge-CAD yamasekethe amakhulu ahlanganisiwe, imishini kagesi, izindiza nezinye eziningi.

Izakhiwo ze-software nezindlela zokuhlukanisa ezihlukile zihlukahluka, kufaka phakathi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlola amandla emikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yemikhiqizo ngokusho kwendlela ephelele yokuhlola noma isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlolwa kwesifunda, kanye nezinhlelo ezinezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zesofthiwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.

I-subsystem eyisisekelo

Nazi izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-CAD:

• Ngokusekelwe kwesistimu ye-geometric modeling kanye nehluzo zekhompyutha. Lezi zinhlelo ze-CAD ziqondiswe ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zokusebenza, lapho ukuklanywa kuyindlela yokuklama eyinhloko, okungukuthi, incazelo ecacile yamafomu wezindawo, kanye nendawo ehlanganyelwe yezinto. Yingakho leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi ze-CAD ezivela embonini yezobunjiniyela, esekelwe emaceleni amahluzo. Esikhathini sethu, kuvamise ukuvame ukusebenzisa izinhlamvu zamafayela ezihlanganisiwe.
• Ngokusekelwe ku-DBMS. Ngokuyinhloko kugxile kulawo mahlelo lapho kunethuba khona, okwenza izibalo ezilula kakhulu zezibalo, ukucubungula ulwazi oluningi kakhulu. Zingavame ukutholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, njengokuklama kwezinhlelo zebhizinisi, kodwa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama izinto ezinkulu ezinjengeziphathi zokulawula ezinkambisweni ezizenzakalelayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlelo ze-CAD eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezibandakanya ama-subsystems azo zonke izinhlobo zangaphambilini. Njengoba izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, kuzuzisa ukuletha isofthiwe esetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, noma isofthiwe ye-CAD. Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa i-DBMS ne-subsystems ehlukahlukene yokwakhiwa kwezingxenye, izifunda ezisebenzayo nezama-logic, i-crystal topology, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlalisana kwempilo yesheluli yemikhiqizo eyenziwe. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuphathwa okujwayelekile kwalezo zinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa izindawo ezikhethekile zesistimu.