UVladimir Odoyevski: Isebenza ngohlobo, Poetics zabo

izincwadi Russian kwekhulu elidlule ukunilondoloza yesizukulwane amagama izimbongi eziningi abanamakhono futhi abalobi. Odoevskogo usebenza - omunye wabo - Sinesithakazelo manje. Fairy wakhe yezinganekwane, inoveli nakancane "4338 ngonyaka: Petersburg incwadi," iqoqo "Nights Russian" okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

periodization lokusungula

umsebenzi komlobi lihlukaniswe kunemibandela izinkathi ezintathu - kuye indawo lapho Odoyevski wadala isebenza. Eyokuqala "Moscow" esiteji buboniswa ngokuba iqhaza lakhe Umbuthano "Lyubomudry" futhi amasampula of the esibayeni. Kwake kwathi ngo-1826 Odoyevski kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg, waqala inkathi entsha emsebenzini wakhe, yathela impela. Umlobi ishicilele amaqoqo eziningana zamaqhawe, eziyobusiswa yamjabulisa ukufunda ngisho manje, cishe ngemva kweminyaka engu-200 edlule. Eyesibili "Moscow" esiteji kuphawulwa ukudalwa Odoyevsky "Nights Russian" - imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke, futhi isebenza ku umculo.

"Fairytales Colorful"

Odoyevski imisebenzi yabo ngokuvamile ahlelwe izihibe. Ngakho, kwakheka "Tales Motley", umlobi wasebenza parallel ku iqoqo "Madhouse", elalinikezelwe indaba ephathwayo madness ekhaliphile. Ukufisa cyclization zingachazwa ngezinqubo ezithile izinqubo ezivamile izincwadi esingokwemvelo Russian ngalezo zikhathi. Khona-ke, e-30s zakuqala, ekukhanyeni aphuma 'Belkin "futhi" Ntambama kwi Ipulazi edude Dikanka ", eyayihlanganisa lutho ngaphandle umjikelezo. Umumo ku Pushkin kubangela futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi lelandzisako uhlelo "Motley inganekwane." Odoevskogo Abstract umkhiqizo (noma esethulweni) wethula sibalo yemlandzi - Irenaeus Modestovich Gomozeyko. Ngokungafani okufakayo Ivan Petrovich Belkin, umlandzi e "zindaba ezingamanga Motley" uphinyiswa izici ngokuphila kwakhe. Ngemva kwalokho, uyozama ku indima "kabili tetemibhalo", egameni labo umbhali uyosingatha inkhulumomphendvulwano iqembu ethola - umfundi.

Riddle "edolobheni e snuffbox"

Eqinisweni, umlobi kwakungomunye iphayona uhlobo tetemibhalo inganekwane, kuhloswe ukuba ufunde endaweni kuqala ingane. Ngo-1834, kwaba khona mhlawumbe edume kakhulu umsebenzi Odoevskogo - "edolobheni e snuffbox". Uzungu ilula: Ubaba ikhombisa umfana Misha umculo ebhokisini, a snuffbox. INdodana ifuna ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani, siyishaye (yena, ngasendleleni, kungenzeka-ke, lapho umuntu ukhanga umfana oneminyaka ibhokisi umunwe). Michael bahlangana izakhamizi zaseFree - izando nezinsimbi - bamvusa ukuqonda isimiso okusebenzela kuyo gizmos kuluthola. Nge zonke siqu izimo zawo kwezobuciko njengenhlangano tale inhlanganisela ezithakazelisayo ngempumelelo bokubanga zemfundo nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe. Umqondo eyinhloko yomsebenzi - ukukholisa umfundi ukuthi umntwana kudingeka sifunde ukucabanga, ukuhlaziya, kubalulekile ukuba kufundiswe ingane ekugcineni isifiso sakhe sokuba nolwazi.

"Nights Russian"

Uhlobo eshicilelwe ngo-1844, "Nights Russian" kunzima ngempela ukukhomba. Ngokuvamile lo msebenzi Odoevskogo kuchazwa njengoba iqoqo izihloko sithwele uhlamvu zefilosofi. Basuke kubonakala ngokugcwele umqondo wakhe ukuguqulwa kukaJesu isimo kufanekiselani zomhlaba, indlela lapho IRussia ukuya. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kushicilelwe "Nights Russian" kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ushona Odoevskogo izimfihlakalo sciences ngqo - izibalo, izitho zomzimba kanye psychology kanye nefilosofi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhali uhlala kahle inkulumo kweqiniso. Thanda uVoltaire, ubeka imibono ku izithombe lesifinyetiwe philosophicity efihla ngesakhiwo ezithakazelisayo. isakhiwo Ngakho Odoyevski usebenza kulo lonke zokudala. Uzungu kugxile iqoqo abantu abaningana abasha ababhekana ukuba umngane mutual, ngokuthi Faust. Kube baxoxe umlando, ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi imithetho khona kwezenhlalo, futhi zingene izimfihlo zezwe. Umsebenzi is zihlukaniswa intellectualism, okuyinto ifinyelela esiphezulu kule izincazelo kunqubo. Kulokhu, by Odoyevsky ukufeza umsebenzi ulimi meta-: ubuciko indaba mayelana art. Ngakho, umlobi Russian we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, okuyinto emangalisayo eduze isipiliyoni kamuva abalobi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili (okusho amanoveli ngokuyinhloko bokusungula Thomas Mann).

Dialogism "Nights Russian" - yilokho wanamathela Odoyevski. Imisebenzi ezibekwe nokuqoqwa, sengathi esabe ukunikeza impendulo eqondile ithe i. Kunalokho, umfundi ukulungele ukungena kokuqagela izikhathi, bayaqagela. Lokhu "Nights Russian" abasondelene kwezinye izincwadi zezazi-abalobi - waseHerzen futhi Belinsky - ngempela kungalindelekile, mangisho, banikezwe umehluko nabuphi yobuhle.

"4338 ngonyaka" njengoba enovelini nakancane

Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule, Biely enomsila kwenziwe komsindo. Kukholakala ukuthi ngemva kwesikhashana ke uzobhekana ngisho ne kobuso Earth. Abanye imisebenzi Odoevskogo kubonakala lokhu "isihloko a inkanyezi enomsila," phakathi kwabo - noveli nakancane "4338 ngonyaka: Petersburg incwadi," okuyinto, ngeshwa, lasala sidle. Umbhali echaza izwe ngokusebenzisa iminyaka 2500, lapho ukuthuthukiswa lesintu kuzokwenza ukugcina umhlaba eyayiseduze inkanyezi enomsila. Umkhiqizo iqukethe izici prognostic eqanjiwe futhi inoveli nakancane; umbhali ubikezela ukubukeka ikusasa amacebo amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-Internet. Nokho, umphakathi uvezwa hhayi kanye kubonakala: igagasi okwandayo kolwazi ingabe engawayekanga womuntu izinqolobane ingqondo. Utopia liphenduka dystopia, ukuze ukwethula lolu hlobo emibhalweni kamuva (ikakhulukazi "City ngaphandle igama").