Kuyini ongavamile izinganekwane UTolstoy sika? Multi-egqinsiwe njengoba isici esiphawula leli izinganekwane L. N. Tolstogo

Noma ubani oye wachitha ukufunda Izinganekwane Aesop sika, I. A. Krylova, bese wathatha masinyane umqulu L. N. Tolstogo cishe ukuzibuza, yini engavamile izinganekwane UTolstoy? Kuyinto lo mbuzo bese uzama ukuphendula i-athikili yethu.

Umumo lezinganekwane izethameli zabantu abadala

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kungani UTolstoy elihunyushwe futhi wabhala izinganekwane.

Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba abafundi bakholwe ukuthi I. A. Krylova, Aesop noma La Fontaine has a umsebenzi eyinqaba. Babhala izinganekwane, ngoba ukuthole, futhi uthande umkhiqizo kwabanye. Kodwa L. N. UTolstoy ayinjalo, eloba izinganekwane wakhe ngenhloso, kunalokho, ayenakho umsebenzi othize: ". Ezinhle futhi elikhanyayo" ukuhlwanyela ezinhliziyweni zezingane Omunye impendulo yombuzo othi, yini engavamile izinganekwane UTolstoy sika, yilesi: bahlukile, ngoba ayephishekela injongo ethile - ukufundisa ingane ukwenza okulungile. Yebo netinsimu ikakhulukazi kusukela ligxile abangontanga ethize - izingane.

"Mfundzisi" mzuzu in the izinganekwane zabuna Russian

Ukuze ukuqonde ngokwengeziwe umsebenzi UTolstoy, kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa izinganekwane yakhe netinsimu isiGreki lasendulo - Aesop. Phakathi kwamaGreki, zonke ahlome izinganekwane isimilo "hhayi ukukhula", ie. E. Ngo imisebenzi Aesop ifomu lesifinyetiwe ka eqoshiwe Folk ukuhlakanipha. Ngokwesibonelo, inganekwane "Ukhozi, chough futhi uMalusi" kusho ukuthi asikwazi sincintisane nalabo njengabakhulu kunani idatha zemvelo. I inganekwane edumile ethi "Fox kanye Amagilebhisi" ihlekisa nokuthambekela kwezinhliziyo abantu yokuzithethelela. Futhi kukhona okuningi izibonelo.

Kuyini ongavamile izinganekwane UTolstoy? Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona zokuziphatha "ekukhuleni" kuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, inganekwane "Inja futhi komthunzi walo" ifundisa izingane (kanye nabantu abadala) ukuthi kuphela kudingeka bancintisane hhayi ukubheka abanye, ngisho noma umakhelwane wakhe "iqatha lenyama khuluphele" kunawe. Fable "Liar" utshela indaba yomfana owakhala kwesizathu: "Wolves! Izimpisi! ", Futhi uma khathi sondela Predators wadla wonke umhlambi, nomfana ongumalusi ngakho akekho ngisiziwe, ngoba bekhohliswa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Fable "Abangane ababili" ifundisa izingane usizo mutual yokuthi awukwazi ukuphonsa umuntu ngomzuzwana nzima.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo UTolstoy Izinganekwane endowed ngokuqukethwe esisobala zokuziphatha, ngaphandle sekuseduze kakhulu ukuba izingane zethu, ngoba lapho UTolstoy elihunyushwe Izinganekwane Aesop noma ubhala bebodwa, wazama ukwenza aqondakala kalula abantu Russian.

okuqukethwe Zokuziphatha lezinganekwane

Uma kuziwa endabeni yokuziphatha Wezingane lingafundiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ungakhetha nsuku zonke, ezifana 2:00, bese ufundisa nokuqonda okuhle, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi nomntwana ngemva nje enjalo netinkhomba ehlelekile abaleke ekhaya nabazali laliyobazonda. Futhi ungakwazi ukufunda inganekwane ingane kanye ke umqondo wabo zokuziphatha ukuqaqa, kanjalo kokuhlola kahle indlela indodana (noma indodakazi) wafunda imithetho elula yokuziphatha emphakathini. Izinganekwane - a "umjovo zokuziphatha nge aftertaste elithokozisayo," futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufundisa ingane ukufunda.

Imisebenzi L. N. Tolstogo wafunda izingane ezikoleni zamabanga. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo, yini izinganekwane engavamile UTolstoy, Ibanga 4 (abafundi bakhe) kakade ingasabeli ngokuzimela.

Okuqukethwe yefilosofi the izinganekwane L. N. Tolstogo

Kodwa kukhona esinye ungqimba ngaphezulu lezinganekwane UTolstoy, ongeyena bakghone ukubona nokutjho ukubona ingane, okungukuthi okuqukethwe yefilosofi the izinganekwane L. N. Tolstogo. Yiqiniso, lezo inganekwane ezingavamile lapho okuqukethwe zefilosofi akuyona ayicabangile, futhi ngempela wabeka siwahlole. Ngokwesibonelo, nginikele lapha inganekwane "Inja futhi komthunzi walo" iqukethe hhayi zezwe kuphela, ngokwengqondo, kodwa futhi incazelo ejulile zefilosofi: umuntu kumele isebenze kuphela ngokwabo. Ingqondo yakhe ephapheme akufanele zikhathazeke, futhi ningamniki intukuthelo noma umona. Anakho ukushiya embundwini eziyisikhombisa izono ezinkulu, Kumelwe kusale iningi alamu.

Kuyini izinganekwane engavamile UTolstoy, uma allegory likhona njengoba kuyingxenye edingekayo? Kuphela uma kuba izindawo kazwelonke noma zezwe? Kwangathi kungelokothe kube njalo. Engokomfanekiso izinganekwane UTolstoy akugcini ngokuletha umuzwa ukuhlakanipha bendabuko kanye ezivamile, kodwa futhi amaqiniso izinkolo zezwe.